Association between pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification in Japanese men the shiga epidemiological study of subclinical atherosclerosis (SESSA

Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

Volumn 22, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 1266-1277

  Torii, Sayuki ^a   Arima, Hisatomi ^a   Ohkubo, Takayoshi ^b   Fujiyoshi, Akira ^a   Kadota, Aya ^a   Takashima, Naoyuki ^a   Kadowaki, Sayaka ^a   Hisamatsu, Takashi ^a   Saito, Yoshino ^a   Miyagawa, Naoko ^a   Zaid, Maryam ^a   Murakami, Yoshitaka ^c   Abbott, Robert D ^a   Horie, Minoru ^a   Miura, Katsuyuki ^a   Ueshima, Hirotsugu ^a  

^a SHIGA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE   (Japan)

^b TEIKYO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^c TOHO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Arterial stiffness; Cardiovascular diseases (CVD; Coronary artery calcification (CAC; Coronary artery diseases (CAD; Pulse wave velocity (PWV

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGATSTON SCORE; ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BODY MASS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EXERCISE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; JAPANESE (CITIZEN); MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PULSE WAVE; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; SMOKING; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; VEIN PUNCTURE; AGED; ARTERIAL STIFFNESS; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY BLOOD VESSEL; JAPAN; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION;

ADULT; AGED; ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY VESSELS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; HUMANS; JAPAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; PULSE WAVE ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; ROC CURVE; VASCULAR CALCIFICATION; VASCULAR STIFFNESS;

EID: 84948963525     PISSN: 13403478     EISSN: 18803873     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5551/jat.30247     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Barker-Collo S, Bartels DH, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bhalla K, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Boufous S, Bucello C, Burch M, Burney P, Carapetis J, Chen H, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahodwala N, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ezzati M, Feigin V, Flaxman AD, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Franklin R, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gonzalez-Medina D, Halasa YA, Haring D, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Hoen B, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Keren A, Khoo JP, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Ohno SL, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Mallinger L, March L, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGrath J, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Michaud C, Miller M, Miller TR, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Mokdad AA, Moran A, Mulholland K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nasseri K, Norman P, O'Donnell M, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Phillips D, Pierce K, Pope CA, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Raju M, Ranganathan D, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Rivara FP, Roberts T, De León FR, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Segui-Gomez M, Shepard DS, Singh D, Singleton J, Sliwa K, Smith E, Steer A, Taylor JA, Thomas B, Tleyjeh IM, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Undurraga EA, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Vos T, Wagner GR, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Wilkinson JD, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Yip P, Zabetian A, Zheng ZJ, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380: 2095-2128
2. Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global burden of disease study. Lancet. 1997; 349: 1269-1276
3. Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Ackerman I, Aggarwal R, Ahn SY, Ali MK, Alvarado M, Anderson HR, Anderson LM, Andrews KG, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, Bahalim AN, Barker-Collo S, Barrero LH, Bartels DH, Basáñez MG, Baxter A, Bell ML, Benjamin EJ, Bennett D, Bernabé E, Bhalla K, Bhandari B, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak A, Birbeck G, Black JA, Blencowe H, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bolliger I, Bonaventure A, Boufous S, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Braithwaite T, Brayne C, Bridgett L, Brooker S, Brooks P, Brugha TS, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Buckle G, Budke CM, Burch M, Burney P, Burstein R, Calabria B, Campbell B, Canter CE, Carabin H, Carapetis J, Carmona L, Cella C, Charlson F, Chen H, Cheng AT, Chou D, Chugh SS, Coffeng LE, Colan SD, Colquhoun S, Colson KE, Condon J, Connor MD, Cooper LT, Corriere M, Cortinovis M, de Vaccaro KC, Couser W, Cowie BC, Criqui MH, Cross M, Dabhadkar KC, Dahiya M, Dahodwala N, Damsere-Derry J, Danaei G, Davis A, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle R, Delossantos A, Denenberg J, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani M, Diaz-Torne C, Dolk H, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Duber H, Ebel B, Edmond K, Elbaz A, Ali SE, Erskine H, Erwin PJ, Espindola P, Ewoigbokhan SE, Farzadfar F, Feigin V, Felson DT, Ferrari A, Ferri CP, Fèvre EM, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Flood L, Foreman K, Forouzanfar MH, Fowkes FG, Fransen M, Freeman MK, Gabbe BJ, Gabriel SE, Gakidou E, Ganatra HA, Garcia B, Gaspari F, Gillum RF, Gmel G, Gonzalez-Medina D, Gosselin R, Grainger R, Grant B, Groeger J, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Haagsma J, Hagan H, Halasa YA, Hall W, Haring D, Haro JM, Harrison JE, Havmoeller R, Hay RJ, Higashi H, Hill C, Hoen B, Hoffman H, Hotez PJ, Hoy D, Huang JJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacobsen KH, James SL, Jarvis D, Jasrasaria R, Jayaraman S, Johns N, Jonas JB, Karthikeyan G, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Keren A, Khoo JP, King CH, Knowlton LM, Kobusingye O, Koranteng A, Krishnamurthi R, Laden F, Lalloo R, Laslett LL, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Lee YY, Leigh J, Levinson D, Lim SS, Limb E, Lin JK, Lipnick M, Lipshultz SE, Liu W, Loane M, Ohno SL, Lyons R, Mabweijano J, MacIntyre MF, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Manivannan S, Marcenes W, March L, Margolis DJ, Marks GB, Marks R, Matsumori A, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, McAnulty JH, McDermott MM, McGill N, McGrath J, Medina-Mora ME, Meltzer M, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Meyer AC, Miglioli V, Miller M, Miller TR, Mitchell PB, Mock C, Mocumbi AO, Moffitt TE, Mokdad AA, Monasta L, Montico M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moran A, Morawska L, Mori R, Murdoch ME, Mwaniki MK, Naidoo K, Nair MN, Naldi L, Narayan KM, Nelson PK, Nelson RG, Nevitt MC, Newton CR, Nolte S, Norman P, Norman R, O'Donnell M, O'Hanlon S, Olives C, Omer SB, Ortblad K, Osborne R, Ozgediz D, Page A, Pahari B, Pandian JD, Rivero AP, Patten SB, Pearce N, Padilla RP, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Phillips D, Phillips MR, Pierce K, Pion S, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pope CA, Popova S, Porrini E, Pourmalek F, Prince M, Pullan RL, Ramaiah KD, Ranganathan D, Razavi H, Regan M, Rehm JT, Rein DB, Remuzzi G, Richardson K, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, De Leòn FR, Ronfani L, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Rushton L, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Segui-Gomez M, Shahraz S, Shepard DS, Shin H, Shivakoti R, Singh D, Singh GM, Singh JA, Singleton J, Sleet DA, Sliwa K, Smith E, Smith JL, Stapelberg NJ, Steer A, Steiner T, Stolk WA, Stovner LJ, Sudfeld C, Syed S, Tamburlini G, Tavakkoli M, Taylor HR, Taylor JA, Taylor WJ, Thomas B, Thomson WM, Thurston GD, Tleyjeh IM, Tonelli M, Towbin JA, Truelsen T, Tsilimbaris MK, Ubeda C, Undurraga EA, van der Werf MJ, van Os J, Vavilala MS, Venketasubramanian N, Wang M, Wang W, Watt K, Weatherall DJ, Weinstock MA, Weintraub R, Weisskopf MG, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiebe N, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams SR, Witt E, Wolfe F, Woolf AD, Wulf S, Yeh PH, Zaidi AK, Zheng ZJ, Zonies D, Lopez AD, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. Disability-adjusted life years (dalys for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380: 2197-2223
4. Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, Amann M, Anderson HR, Andrews KG, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell ML, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett RT, Byers TE, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE, Erwin PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes FG, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo JP, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Mohd Hanafiah K, Mokdad AA, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson PK, Nolla JM, Norman R, Olives C, Omer SB, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey KD, Parry CD, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari PM, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pope D, Pope CA, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess EA, Rehm JT, Ritz B, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh GM, Sleet DA, Smith E, Smith KR, Stapelberg NJ, Steenland K, Stöckl H, Stovner LJ, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston GD, Tran JH, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Veerman JL, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf AD, Yip P, Zielinski JM, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Ezzati M, AlMazroa MA, Memish ZA. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380: 2224-2260
5. Stolzmann P, Alkadhi H, Scheffel H, Plass A, Leschka S, Falk V, Kozerke S, Wyss C, Donati OF. Combining cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography coronary calcium scoring: Added value for the assessment of morphological coronary disease? Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011; 27: 969-977
6. Budoff MJ, Nasir K, McClelland RL, Detrano R, Wong N, Blumenthal RS, Kondos G, Kronmal RA. Coronary calcium predicts events better with absolute calcium scores than age-sex-race/ethnicity percentiles: Mesa (multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53: 345-352
7. Yamamoto H, Ohashi N, Ishibashi K, Utsunomiya H, Kunita E, Oka T, Horiguchi J, Kihara Y. Coronary calcium score as a predictor for coronary artery disease and cardiac events in japanese high-risk patients. Circ J. 2011; 75: 2424-2431
8. Sekikawa A, Curb JD, Edmundowicz D, Okamura T, Choo J, Fujiyoshi A, Masaki K, Miura K, Kuller LH, Shin C, Ueshima H. Coronary artery calcification by computed tomography in epidemiologic research and cardiovascular disease prevention. J Epidemiol. 2012; 22: 188-198
9. Yamashina A, Tomiyama H, Takeda K, Tsuda H, Arai T, Hirose K, Koji Y, Hori S, Yamamoto Y. Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial- ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Hypertens Res. 2002; 25: 359-364
10. Sugawara J, Hayashi K, Yokoi T, Cortez-Cooper MY, DeVan AE, Anton MA, Tanaka H. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: An index of central arterial stiffness? J Hum Hypertens. 2005; 19: 401-406
11. Tanaka H, Munakata M, Kawano Y, Ohishi M, Shoji T, Sugawara J, Tomiyama H, Yamashina A, Yasuda H, Sawayama T, Ozawa T. Comparison between carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as measures of arterial stiffness. J Hypertens. 2009; 27: 2022-2027
12. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, Gautier I, Laloux B, Guize L, Ducimetiere P, Benetos A. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001; 37: 1236-1241
13. Willum-Hansen T, Staessen JA, Torp-Pedersen C, Rasmussen S, Thijs L, Ibsen H, Jeppesen J. Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population. Circulation. 2006; 113: 664-670
14. Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55: 1318-1327
15. Ninomiya T, Kojima I, Doi Y, Fukuhara M, Hirakawa Y, Hata J, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts the development of cardiovascular disease in a general japanese population: The hisayama study. J Hypertens. 2013; 31: 477-483
16. Takashima N, Turin TC, Matsui K, Rumana N, Nakamura Y, Kadota A, Saito Y, Sugihara H, Morita Y, Ichikawa M, Hirose K, Kawakani K, Hamajima N, Miura K, Ueshima H, Kita Y. The relationship of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity to future cardiovascular disease events in the general japanese population: The takashima study. J Hum Hypertens. 2013; 28: 323-327
17. Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Terentes-Printzios D, Ioakeimidis N, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with brachial-ankle elasticity index: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2012; 60: 556-562
18. van Popele NM, Mattace-Raso FU, Vliegenthart R, Grobbee DE, Asmar R, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, de Feijter PJ, Oudkerk M, Witteman JC. Aortic stiffness is associated with atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries in older adults: The rotterdam study. J Hypertens. 2006; 24: 2371-2376
19. Tsao CW, Pencina KM, Massaro JM, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, Vasan RS, Hoffmann U, O'Donnell CJ, Mitchell GF. Cross-sectional relations of arterial stiffness, pressure pulsatility, wave reflection, and arterial calcification. Arterio- japascler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014; 34: 2495-2500
20. Hisamatsu T, Fujiyoshi A, Miura K, Ohkubo T, Kadota A, Kadowaki S, Kadowaki T, Yamamoto T, Miyagawa N, Zaid M, Torii S, Takashima N, Murakami Y, Okamura T, Horie M, Ueshima H, Group SR. Lipoprotein particle profiles compared with standard lipids in association with coronary artery calcification in the general japanese population. Atherosclerosis. 2014; 236: 237-243
21. Kadota A, Miura K, Okamura T, Fujiyoshi A, Ohkubo T, Kadowaki T, Takashima N, Hisamatsu T, Nakamura Y, Kasagi F, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A, Ueshima H, Group SR, Group NDR. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in apparently healthy japanese individuals with an estimated 10-year absolute risk of cad death according to the japan atherosclerosis society (jas guidelines 2012: The shiga epidemiological study of subclinical atherosclerosis (sessa. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013; 20: 755-766
22. NIPPON DATA 80. Research Group. Risk assessment chart for death from cardiovascular disease based on a 19-year follow-up study of a japanese representative population. Circ J. 2006; 70: 1249-1255
23. Kashiwagi A, Kasuga M, Araki E, Oka Y, Hanafusa T, Ito H, Tominaga M, Oikawa S, Noda M, Kawamura T, Sanke T, Namba M, Hashiramoto M, Sasahara T, Nishio Y, Kuwa K, Ueki K, Takei I, Umemoto M, Murakami M, Yamakado M, Yatomi Y, Ohashi H, Committee on the Standardization of Diabetes Mellitus Related Laboratory Testing of Japan Diabetes Society. International clinical harmonization of glycated hemoglobin in japan: From japan diabetes society to national glycohemoglobin standardization program values. J Diabetes Investig. 2012; 3: 39-40
24. Nakamura M, Sato S, Shimamoto T. Improvement in japanese clinical laboratory measurements of total cholesterol and hdl-cholesterol by the us cholesterol reference method laboratory network. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2003; 10: 145-153
25. Turin TC, Kita Y, Rumana N, Takashima N, Kadota A, Matsui K, Sugihara H, Morita Y, Nakamura Y, Miura K, Ueshima H. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts all-cause mortality in the general population: Findings from the takashima study, japan. Hypertens Res. 2010; 33: 922-925
26. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990; 15: 827-832
27. Sekikawa A, Ueshima H, Kadowaki T, El-Saed A, Okamura T, Takamiya T, Kashiwagi A, Edmundowicz D, Murata K, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Maegawa H, Evans RW, Kita Y, Kuller LH. Less subclinical atherosclerosis in japanese men in japan than in white men in the united states in the post-world war ii birth cohort. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 165: 617-624
28. Mao SS, Pal RS, McKay CR, Gao YG, Gopal A, Ahmadi N, Child J, Carson S, Takasu J, Sarlak B, Bechmann D, Budoff MJ. Comparison of coronary artery calcium scores between electron beam computed tomography and 64-multidetector computed tomographic scanner. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2009; 33: 175-178
29. Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF. The inconsistency of "optimal" cutpoints obtained using two criteria based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Am J Epidemiol. 2006; 163: 670-675
30. Munakata M, Konno S, Miura Y, Yoshinaga K, J-TOPP Study Group. Prognostic significance of the brachialankle pulse wave velocity in patients with essential hypertension: Final results of the j-topp study. Hypertens Res. 2012; 35: 839-842
31. Tillin T, Chambers J, Malik I, Coady E, Byrd S, Mayet J, Wright AR, Kooner J, Shore A, Thom S, Chaturvedi N, Hughes A. Measurement of pulse wave velocity: Site matters. J Hypertens. 2007; 25: 383-389
32. Coutinho T, Turner ST, Kullo IJ. Aortic pulse wave velocity is associated with measures of subclinical target organ damage. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011; 4: 754-761
33. Park JS, Choi UJ, Lim HS, Choi BJ, Choi SY, Yoon MH, Hwang GS, Tahk SJ, Shin JH. The relationship between coronary artery calcification as assessed by multi-detector computed tomography and arterial stiffness. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2011; 33: 501-505
34. Liu CS, Li CI, Shih CM, Lin WY, Lin CH, Lai SW, Li TC, Lin CC. Arterial stiffness measured as pulse wave velocity is highly correlated with coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic patients. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011; 18: 652-658
35. Nam HJ, Jung IH, Kim J, Kim JH, Suh J, Kim HS, Kim HK, Jung YJ, Kang JW, Lee S. Association between brachial- ankle pulse wave velocity and occult coronary artery disease detected by multi-detector computed tomography. Int J Cardiol. 2012; 157: 227-232
36. Tsuchiya M, Suzuki E, Egawa K, Nishio Y, Maegawa H, Inoue S, Mitsunami K, Morikawa S, Inubushi T, Kashiwagi A. Stiffness and impaired blood flow in lower-leg arteries are associated with severity of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 2409-2415
37. Mitsutake R, Miura S, Saku K. Association between coronary artery calcification score as assessed by multi-detector row computed tomography and upstroke time of pulse wave. Intern Med. 2007; 46: 1833-1836
38. Lim S, Choi HJ, Shin H, Khang AR, Kang SM, Yoon JW, Choi SH, Jeong IK, Cho SI, Park KS, Jang HC. Subclinical atherosclerosis in a community-based elderly cohort: The korean longitudinal study on health and aging. Int J Cardiol. 2012; 155: 126-133
39. Sung KC, Lim YH, Park S, Kang SM, Park JB, Kim BJ, Shin JH. Arterial stiffness, fatty liver and the presence of coronary artery calcium in a large population cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013; 12: 162
40. Vishnu A, Choo J, Wilcox B, Hisamatsu T, Barinas- Mitchell EJ, Fujiyoshi A, Mackey RH, Kadota A, Ahuja V, Kadowaki T, Edmundowicz D, Miura K, Rodriguez BL, Kuller LH, Shin C, Masaki K, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A, Group EJS. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity is associated with coronary calcification among 1131 healthy middle-aged men. Int J Cardiol. 2015; 189: 67-72
41. Inoue N, Maeda R, Kawakami H, Shokawa T, Yamamoto H, Ito C, Sasaki H. Aortic pulse wave velocity predicts cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged and elderly japan nese men. Circ J. 2009; 73: 549-553
42. Lenkey Z, Illyés M, Böcskei R, Husznai R, Sárszegi Z, Meiszterics Z, Molnár FT, Hild G, Szabados S, Cziráki A, Gaszner B. Comparison of arterial stiffness parameters in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus using arteriograph. Physiol Res. 2014; 63: 429-437
43. Matsuoka O, Otsuka K, Murakami S, Hotta N, Yamanaka G, Kubo Y, Yamanaka T, Shinagawa M, Nunoda S, Nishimura Y, Shibata K, Saitoh H, Nishinaga M, Ishine M, Wada T, Okumiya K, Matsubayashi K, Yano S, Ichihara K, Cornélissen G, Halberg F, Ozawa T. Arterial stiffness independently predicts cardiovascular events in an elderly community - longitudinal investiga tion for the longevity and aging in hokkaido county (lilac study. Biomed Pharmacother. 2005; 59: S40-44
44. Miyano I, Nishinaga M, Takata J, Shimizu Y, Okumiya K, Matsubayashi K, Ozawa T, Sugiura T, Yasuda N, Doi Y. Association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and 3-year mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Hypertens Res. 2010; 33: 678-682
45. Maeda Y, Inoguchi T, Etoh E, Kodama Y, Sasaki S, Sonoda N, Nawata H, Shimabukuro M, Takayanagi R. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity predicts all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes: The kyushu prevention study of atherosclerosis. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37: 2383-2390