Current prevalence pattern of hypertension in Nigeria: A systematic review

PLoS ONE

Volumn 10, Issue 10, 2015, Pages

  Akinlua, James Tosin ^a   Meakin, Richard ^a   Umar, Aminu Mahmoud ^b   Freemantle, Nick ^a  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; EMBASE; ETHNIC GROUP; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HEALTH CENTER; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; MEDLINE; NIGERIA; NIGERIAN; PREVALENCE; RURAL AREA; SEX DIFFERENCE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; URBAN AREA; ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHILD; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HOSPITAL; MALE; META ANALYSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PUBLISHING; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

ADULT; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHILD; CONFIDENCE INTERVALS; ETHNIC GROUPS; FEMALE; GEOGRAPHY; HOSPITALS; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; NIGERIA; PREVALENCE; PUBLICATION BIAS;

EID: 84948807342     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140021     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. De-Graft Aikins A, Unwin N, Agyemang C, Allotey P, Campbell C, Arhinful D. Tackling Africa's chronic disease burden: From the local to the global. Global Health; 2010; 6: 5. doi: 10.1186/1744-8603-6-5 PMID: 20403167
2. Akinboboye O, Idris O, Akinboboye O, Akinkugbe O. Trends in coronary artery disease and associated risk factors in sub-Saharan Africans. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17: 381-387. PMID: 12764400
3. World Health Organization. A global brief on hypertension: Silent killer, global public health crises (World Health Day 2013). Geneva: WHO 2013; Available: Http: //apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/ 79059/1/WHO-DCO-WHD-2013.2-eng.pdf Accessed 2015 Feb 11.
4. Adeloye D, Basquill C, Aderemi AV, Thompson JY, Obi FA. An estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2015; 33: 230-242. doi: 10.1097/ HJH.0000000000000413 PMID: 25380154
5. Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Alleyne G, Horton R, Li L, Lincoln P, et al. UN high-level meeting on non-communicable diseases: Addressing four questions. Lancet 2011; 378: 449-455. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (11)60879-9 PMID: 21665266
6. World Health Organisation. Global status report on non-communicable diseases. Geneva: WHO 2011
7. World Bank Nigeria 2013. Available: Http: //data.worldbank.org/country/nigeria. Accessed 2015 Jan 29.
8. World Health Organisation AFRO, editor. Report of regional director: Cardiovascular diseases in the African region: Current situation and perspectives. Regional committee for Africa 2005; Maputo, Mozambique: The WHO Regional Office for Africa.
9. Kayima J, Wanyenze RK, Katamba A, Leontsini E, Nuwaha F. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control in Africa: A systematic review. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2013; 13: 54. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261- 13-54 PMID: 23915151
10. Perkovic V, Huxley R, Wu Y, Prabhakaran D, MacMahon S. The burden of blood pressure-related disease: A neglected priority for global health. Hypertension 2007; 50: 991-997. PMID: 17954719
11. Ogah OS, Okpechi I, Chukwuonye II, Akinyemi JO, Onwubere BJC, Falase AO, et al.Blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension and hypertension related complications in Nigerian Africans: A review. World J Cardiol 2012; 4: 327-340. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v4.i12.327 PMID: 23272273
12. Ekpenyong CE, Udokang NE, Akpan EE, Samson TK. Double burden, non communicable diseases and risk factors evaluation in sub-Saharan Africa: The Nigerian experience. Eur J Sustain Develop 2012; 1(2): 249-270.
13. Abegunde DO, Mathers CD, Adam T, Ortegon M, Strong K. Chronic diseases 1: The burden and costs of chronic diseases in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2007; 370: 1929-1938. PMID: 18063029
14. Ilesanmi OS, Ige OK, Adebiyi AO. The managed hypertensive: The costs of blood pressure control in a Nigerian town. Pan Afr Med J. 2012; 12: 96. PMID: 23133696
15. Ukwaja KN, Onyedum CC. Reaction to Ilesanmi OS et al. the managed hypertensive: The costs of blood pressure control in a Nigerian town. Pan Afr Med J. 2013; 14: 85.
16. World Bank website. Available: Http: //www.worldbank.org/. Accessed 2015 Jan 29.
17. Commodore-Mensah Y, Samuel LJ, Dennison-Himmelfarb CR, Agyemang C. Hypertension and overweight/ obesity in Ghanaians and Nigerians living in West Africa and industrialized countries: A systematic review. Journal of Hypertension. 2014; 32: 464-472. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000061 PMID: 24445390
18. National Population Commission website. Available: Www.population.gov.ng.Accessed on 2015 Feb 19.
19. Akinlua, JT. An exploratory study into the emergency and disaster management systems in Nigeria. A dissertation submitted to Liverpool John Moores University, UK in partial fulfilment of MSc in international public health 2012.
20. Nigeria's Demographic profile 2013. Available: Http: //www.indexmundi.com/Nigeria/demographics-profile.html.Accessed 2015 Feb 16
21. National Health and Medical Research guidelines. Available: Www.nhmrc.gov.au.Accessed 2015 Feb 10
22. Addo J, Smeeth L, Leon D. Hypertension in sub-saharan Africa: A systematic review. Hypertensio. 2007; 50: 1012-1018 available: Http: //hyper.ahajournals.org/content/50/6/1012. Accessed 2015 Feb 15.
23. Seedat YK. Recommendations for hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2004; 15: 157-158.
24. Khor GL. Cardiovascular epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr.2001; 10: 76-80.
25. World Health Organisation Expert Committee on Arterial Hypertension (Technical report Series No. 628). Geneva: WHO 1978.
26. World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Surveillance of Cardiovascular Disease. Epidemiological profiles of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in the world. Global Cardiovascular Infobase 2006. Available at: Http: //cvdinfobase.ca/. Accessed 2015 Feb 15.
27. Odetunde I, Emeka E, Josephat M, Henrietta U, Oluwatoyin A, Osita U, et al Elevated arterial blood pressure and body mass index among Nigerian preschool children population. BMC Pediatrics. 2014; 14: 64. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-64 PMID: 24593321
28. Mabadeje AF. World Health Organisation WHO-ISH Guidelines for the management of hypertension: Implementation in Africa: The Nigerian experience. Clin Exp Hypertens.1999; 21: 671-681.
29. Whitworth JA. World Health Organization (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH,) statement on management of hypertension. J Hypertens.2003; 21: 1983-1992. PMID: 14597836
30. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL.The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003; 42: 1206-1252. PMID: 14656957
31. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 6) (1997) Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
32. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Group PRISMA Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol.2009; 62: 1006-1012.
33. Suleiman IA, Amogu EO, Ganiyu KA. Prevalence and control of hypertension in a Niger Delta semi urban community, Nigeria. Pharmacy Practice Jan-Mar 2013; 11(1): 24-29. PMID: 24155846
34. Ejike C, Ugwu CE, Ezeanyika L. Variations in the prevalence of point (pre)hypertension in a Nigerian school-going adolescent population living in a semi-urban and an urban area. BMC Pediatrics. 2010; 10: 13. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-13 PMID: 20214768
35. Abegunde KA, Owoaje ET. Health problems and associated risk factors in selected urban and rural elderly population groups of South-West Nigeria. Ann Afr Med[serialonline] 2013; 12: 907. Available: Http: //www.annalsafrmed.Org/text.asp?2013/12/2/90/112398. Accessed 2015 Jan 29 .
36. Ekore RI, Ajayi IO, Arije A.Case finding for hypertension in young adult patients attending a missionary hospital in Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2009; 9: 193-9. PMID: 20589150
37. Cooper RS, Rotimi CN, Ataman S, McGee D, Osotimehin B, Kadiri S, et al. The Prevalence of Hypertension in Seven Populations of West African Origin. Am J Public health. 1997; 87: 160. 168. PMID: 9103091
38. Daniel OJ, Adejumo OA, Adejumo EN, Owolabi RS, Braimoh RW. Prevalence of hypertension among urban slum dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria. J Urban Health,2013; 90: 1016-1025. doi: 10.1007/s11524- 013-9795-x PMID: 23440487
39. Makusidi MA, Liman HM, Yakubu A, Isah MDA, Jega RM, Adamu H et al. Prevalence of Non-communicable Diseases and it's awareness among inhabitants of Sokoto Metropolis; Outcome of a Screening Program for Hypertension, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Overt Proteinuria. Arab Journal of Nephrology and Transplantation.2013; 6 (3): 189-91. PMID: 24053748
40. Isezuo SA, Sabir AA, Ohwovorilole AE, Fasanmade OA. Prevalence, associated factors and relationship between prehypertension and hypertension: A study of two ethnic African populations in Northern Nigeria. J Hum Hypertens. 2011; 25: 224-230.
41. Olatunbosun ST, Kaufman JS, Cooper RS, Bella AF. Hypertension in a black population: Prevalence and biosocial determinants of high blood pressure in a group of urban Nigerians. J Hum Hypertens. 2000; 14: 249-257.
42. Okpechi IG, Chukwuonye II, Tiffin N, Madukwe OO, Onyeonoro UU, et al.Blood Pressure Gradients and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Urban and Rural Populations in Abia State South Eastern Nigeria Using the WHO STEPwise Approach. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(9): E73403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0073403 PMID: 24039932
43. Oladapo OO, Salako L, Sodiq O, Shoyinka K, Adedapo K, et al.A prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among a rural Yoruba south-western Nigerian population: A population-based survey. Cardiovasc J Afr.2010; 21: 26-31. PMID: 20224842
44. Ige OK, Owoaje TE, Adebiyi OA. Non communicable disease and risky behaviour in an urban university community Nigeria African Health Sciences 2013; 13(1): 62-67 doi: 10.4314/ahs.v13i1.9 PMID: 23658569
45. Ekanem US Opara DC, Akwaowo CD. High blood pressure in a semi-urban community in south-south Nigeria: A community-based study African Health Sciences.2013; 13 (1): 56-6. doi: 10.4314/ahs. v13i1.8 PMID: 23658568
46. Hendriks ME, Wit FW, Roos MT, Brewster LM, Akande TM, de Beer IH, et al. Hypertension in sub- Saharan Africa: Cross-sectional surveys in four rural and urban communities. PLoS One. 2012; 7(3): E32638.
47. Ulasi II, Ijoma CK, Onodugo OD (2010) A community-based study of hypertension and cardio-metabolic syndrome in semi-urban and rural communities in Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res; 10: 71.
48. Johnson TO. Arterial blood pressures and hypertension in an urban African population sample. Br J Prev Soc Med. 1971; 25: 26-33.
49. Okesina AB, Oparinde DP, Akindoyin KA, Erasmus RT. Prevalence of some risk factors of coronary heart disease in a rural Nigerian population. East Afr Med J,1999 76(4): 212-6.
50. Mijinyawa MS, Iliyasu Z, Borodo MM. Prevalence of hypertension among teenage students in Kano, Nigeria. Niger J Med, 2008; 17: 173-8. PMID: 18686834
51. Ekezie J, Anyanwu EG, Danborno B, Anthony U. Impact of urbanization on obesity, anthropometric profile and blood pressure in the Igbos of Nigeria. North Am J Med Sci.2011; 3: 242-246.
52. Ulasi II, Ijoma CK, Onwubere BJ, Arodiwe E, Onodugo O, Okafor C. High prevalence and low awareness of hypertensionin a market population in enugu, Nigeria. Int J Hypertens.2011; 8: 669-75.
53. Ike SO. Prevalence of hypertension and its complications among medical admissions at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu (Study 2). Niger J Med.2009; 18: 68-72. PMID: 19485152
54. Adedoyin RA, Mbada CE, Balogun MO, Martins T, Adebayo RA, Akintomide A, et al.Prevalence and pattern of hypertension in a semiurban community in Nigeria. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2008; 15: 683-687.
55. Lawoyin TO. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in an African, urban inner city community. West African journal of medicine.2002; 21(3): 208-211.
56. Adebayo RA, Balogun MO, Adedoyin RA, Obashoro- John OA, Bisiriyu LA, Abiodun OO.Prevalence of hypertension in three rural communities of Ife north local Government Area of Osun state, south West Nigeria. International Journal of General Medicine. 2013; 6: 863-868. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S51906 PMID: 24348064
57. Oluyombo R, Olamoyegun MA, Olaifa O, Iwuala SO, Babatunde OA. Cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in southwest Nigeria: Patterns and prevalence, J Epidemiol Global Health, 2014. Available: Doi: 10.1016/j.jegh.2014.07.002 Accessed 2015 Feb 15.
58. Okpara I, Utoo P, Bako I.Prevalence and awareness of hypertension amongst staff and students of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. Global Advanced Research Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences (GARJMMS) ISSN: 2315-5159, 2015; January Vol. 4(1), pp. 061-066.
59. Ezenwaka CE, Akani AO, Akanji BO, Unwin NC, Adejuwon CA. The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and Other Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Elderly South-western Nigerians. Atherosclerosis. 1997; 128(2): 201-11. PMID: 9050777
60. Andy JJ, Peters EJ, Ekrikpo UE, Akpan NA, Unadike BC, Ekott JU. Prevalence and correlates of hypertension among the Ibibio/Annangs, Efiks and Obolos: A cross sectional community survey in rural South- South Nigeria. Ethn Dis. 2012; 22(3): 335-339. PMID: 22870578
61. Onwuchekwa AC, Mezie-Okoye MM, Babatunde S. Prevalence of hypertension in Kegbara-Dere, a rural community in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. Ethn Dis. 2012; 22: 340-346. PMID: 22870579
62. Omuemu VO, Okojie OH, Omuemu CE. Awareness of high blood pressure status, treatment and control in a rural community in Edo State. Niger J Clin Pract. 2007; 10: 208-212. PMID: 18072446
63. Onwubere BJ, Ejim EC, Okafor CI, Emehel A, Mbah AU, Onyia U. Pattern of Blood Pressure Indices among the Residents of a Rural Community in South East Nigeria. Int J Hypertens 2011; 621074.
64. Ogunlesi A, Osotimehin B, Abbiyessuku F, Kadiri S, Akinkugbe O, Liao YL, et al.Blood pressure and educational level among factory workers in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Hum Hypertens.1991; 5: 375-380. PMID: 1770467
65. Okpere AN, Anochie IC, Eke FU.Pattern of blood pressure and hypertension in adolescents in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. West African Journal of Medicine,2013 32(2): 93-98. PMID: 23913495
66. Ujunwa FA, Ikefuna AN, Nwokocha ARC, Chinawa JM. Hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents in secondary schools in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Italian Journal of Pediatrics,2013; 39: 70. doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-70 PMID: 24180427
67. Oyewole OO, Oritogun KS. Pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescence: How much does it occur in a Nigerian community? West Afr J Med. Apr-Jun 2012; 31(2): 71-5. PMID: 23208473
68. Akinkugbe OO, Ojo AO. The systemic blood pressure in a rural Nigerian population. Trop Geogr Med. 1968; 20: 347-356
69. Jain PS, Gera SC, Abengowe CU. Incidence of hypertension in Ahmadu Bello University Hospital Kaduna-Nigeria J Trop Med Hyg.1977; 80: 90-94.
70. Oviasu VO. Arterial blood pressures and hypertension in a rural Nigerian community. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1977; 7: 137-143.
71. Oviasu VO, Okupa FE. Arterial blood pressure and hypertension in Benin in the equatorial forest zone of Nigeria. Trop Geogr Med. 1980; 32: 241-244.
72. Idahosa PE.Blood pressure pattern in urban Edos. J Hypertens Suppl 1985; 3: S379-S381.
73. Murthy GV, Fox S, Sivasubramaniam S, Gilbert CE, Mahdi AM, Imam AU, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for hypertension and association with ethnicity in Nigeria: Results from a national survey. Cardiovasc J Afr,2013; 24: 1-7.
74. Ogah OS, Madukwe OO, Chukwuonye II, Onyeonoro UU, Ukaegbu AU, Akhimien MO, et al. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in Abia State Nigeria: Results from the Abia State Non-Communicable diseases and Cardiovascular Risk factors Survey. Ethn Dis 2012; In press.
75. Akinkugbe O. Non communicable diseases in Nigeria: Final report of a national survey, Lagos. 1997: Federal Ministry of Health-National Expert Committee on Non-Communicable Diseases.
76. Ekpenyong CE, Udokang NE, Akpan EE, Samson TK. Double Burden, Non- Communicable Diseases And Risk Factors Evaluation In Sub-Saharan Africa: The Nigerian Experience. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2012; 1, 2, 249-270 ISSN: 2239-5938.
77. Ogah OS. Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African populations: The burden of hypertension in Nigeria. Ethn Dis. 2006; 16: 765.
78. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data. Lancet.2005; 365: 217-223. PMID: 15652604
79. Bello M. Nigerians wake up to high blood pressure. Bull World Health Organ.2013; 91: 242-243. doi: 10.2471/BLT.13.020413 PMID: 23599546
80. Onyemelukwe GC (2003) National survey of non communicable diseases (South-West zone), Abuja. 2003: Federal Ministry of Health-National Expert Committee on Non-Communicable Diseases.
81. Cooper RS, Amoah AG, Mensah GA.High blood pressure: The foundation for epidemic cardiovascular disease in African populations. EthnDis. 2003; 13: S48-S52.
82. Hajar I, Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA. Hypertension: Trends in prevalence, incidence, and control. Annu Rev Public Health, 2006; 27: 465-490. PMID: 16533126
83. Chadha SL, Tandon R, Shekhawat S, Gopinath N. An epidemiology study of blood pressure in school children (5-14 years) in Delhi. Indian Heart J,1999; 51: 178-182. PMID: 10407546
84. Anjana P, Kaur N, Kumari K, Sidhu S. Variation in blood pressure among school children of Amritsar (Punjab). Anthropologist, 2005; 7: 201-204.
85. Mezue K. The increasing burden of hypertesnsion in Nigeria: Can dietary salt reduction strategy change the trend? Perspect Public Health 2013.[Epub ahead of print].
86. Assah FK, Ekelund U, Brage S, Mbanya JC, Wareham NJ. Urbanization, physical activity, and metabolic health in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetes Care, 2011; 34: 491-496. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0990 PMID: 21270205
87. Cecchini M, Sassi F, Lauer JA, Lee YY, Guajardo-Barron V, Chisholm D. Tackling of unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and obesity: Health effects and cost-effectiveness. Lancet, 2010; 376: 1775-1784. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61514-0 PMID: 21074255
88. Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, de la Cruz Troca JJ, Guallar- Castillón P, del Rey Calero J. Blood pressure in Spain: Distribution, awareness, control, and benefits of a reduction in average pressure. Hypertension, 1998; 32: 998-1002.
89. Mainous AG, King DE, Garr DR, Pearson WS. Race, rural residence, and control of diabetes and hypertension. Ann Fam Med.2004; 2: 563-568.
90. Psaltopoulou T, Orfanos P, Naska A, Lenas D, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a general population sample of 26,913 adults in the Greek EPIC study. Int J Epidemiol.2004; 33: 1345-1352.
91. Mathenge W, Foster A, Kuper H. Urbanization, ethnicity and cardiovascular risk in a population in transition in Nakuru, Kenya: A population based survey. BMC Public Health, 2010; 10: 569.
92. Edwards R, Unwin N, Mugusi F, Whiting D, Rashid S, Kissima J. Hypertension prevalence and care in an urban and rural area of Tanzania. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 145-152