Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar

Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-289

  Prince, Alan ^a   Smolensky, Paul ^b  

^a RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84948390384     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470759400     Document Type: Book

References (311)

1. Allen, W. S. 1973. Accent and rhythm. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2. Anderson, Stephen R. 1969. West Scandinavian vowel systems and the ordering of phonological rules. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
3. Anderson, Stephen R. 1972. On nasalization in Sundanese. Linguistic Inquiry 3, 253-68.
4. Anderson, Stephen R. 1982. The analysis of French schwa, or how to get something for nothing. Language 58, 534-73.
5. Aoun, Joseph. 1979. Is the syllable or supersyllable a constituent? In Kenneth J. Safir, ed., MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 1: Papers on syllable structure, metrical structure, and Harmony processes, pp. 140-8. Cambridge, MA: MIT Department of Linguistics.
6. Aoun, Joseph. 1986. Generalized binding: the syntax and logical form of wh-interrogatives. Studies in Generative Grammar 26. Dordrecht: Foris.
7. Archangeli, Diana. 1984. Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA. [1988, New York: Garland Press.]
8. Archangeli, Diana and Douglas Pulleyblank. 1991. African tongue root harmony: optimal systems. Paper presented at NSF/LSA Conference on Phonological Feature Organization. University of California, Santa Cruz.
9. Archangeli, Diana and Douglas Pulleyblank. 1992. Grounded phonology. Ms. University of Arizona, Tucson and University of British Columbia, Vancouver. [1994, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.]
10. Avery, Peter and Keren Rice. 1989. Segment structure and coronal underspecification. Phonology 6, 179-200.
11. Bach, Emmon. 1965. On some recurrent types of transformations. Georgetown University Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics 18, 3-18.
12. Bach, Emmon and Deirdre Wheeler. 1981. Montague Phonology: a first approximation. In Wynn Chao and Deirdre Wheeler, eds., University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 7, pp. 27-45. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
13. Barton, G. Edward, Robert C. Berwick, and Eric Sven Ristad. 1987. Computational complexity and natural language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
14. Bell, Alan. 1971. Some patterns of occurrence and formation of syllable structures. In Working Papers on Language Universals, Number 6, pp. 23-137. Language Universals Project, Stanford University.
15. Bell, Alan and Joan Bybee Hooper. 1978. Syllables and segments. New York: Elsevier-North Holland.
16. Benton, Richard. 1971. Pangasinán reference grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
17. Berg, G. 1991. Learning recursive phrase structure: combining the strengths of PDP and X-Bar Syntax. Technical Report 91-5, Dept. of Computer Science, State University of New York, Albany.
18. Berwick, Robert, Steven Abney, and Carol Tenny, eds. 1991. Principle-based parsing: computation and psycholinguistics. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
19. Bird, Steven. 1990. Constraint-based phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Edinburgh.
20. Bittner, Maria. 1993. Cross-linguistic semantics. Ms. Rutgers University, New Brunswick. [1994, Linguistics and Philosophy 17, 57-108.]
21. Black, H. Andrew. 1991. The optimal iambic foot and reduplication in Axininca Campa. Phonology at Santa Cruz 2, 1-18. Santa Cruz: Dept. of Linguistics, University of California at Santa Cruz.
22. Black, H. Andrew. 1993. Constraint-ranked derivation: truncation and stem binarity in Southeastern Tepehuan. Ms. University of California, Santa Cruz.
23. [Black, H. Andrew. 1993. Constraint-ranked derivation: a serial approach to optimization. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz.]
24. Borowsky, Toni. 1986a. Topics in the lexical phonology of English, Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
25. Borowsky, Toni. 1986b. Structure preservation and the syllable coda in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7, 145-66.
26. Bosch, Anna. 1991. Phonotactics at the level of the phonological word. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
27. Broselow, Ellen. 1982. On the interaction of stress and epenthesis. Glossa 16, 115-32.
28. Broselow, Ellen. 1992. Parametric variation in dialect phonology. In Ellen Broselow, Mushira Eid, and John J. McCarthy, eds., Perspectives on Arabic linguistics IV, pp. 7-47. Amsterdam:Benjamins.
29. Broselow, Ellen and John J. McCarthy. 1983. A theory of internal reduplication. Linguistic Review 3, 25-88.
30. Brousse, Olivier. 1991. Generativity and systematicity in neural network combinatorial learning. Doctoral dissertation. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder.
31. Brousse, Olivier and Smolensky, Paul. 1989. Virtual memories and massive generalization in connectionist combinatorial learning. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 380-7. Ann Arbor, MI: Erlbaum.
32. Browning, M. A. 1991. Bounding conditions on representation. Linguistic Inquiry 22, 541-62.
33. Burzio, Luigi. 1987. English stress. In Pier Marco Bertinetto and Michele Loporcaro, eds., Certamen Phonologicum: Proceedings of the 1987 Cortona Phonology Meeting. Turin: Rosenberg and Sellio.
34. Burzio, Luigi. 1992a. Metrical consistency. Abstract of paper presented at DIMACS Workshop, Princeton University.
35. Burzio, Luigi. 1992b. Principles of English stress. Ms. Johns Hopkins University. [1994, New York: Cambridge University Press.]
36. Bybee, Joan. 1985. Morphology: a study of the relation between meaning and form. Amsterdam:Benjamins.
37. Cairns, Charles. 1969. Markedness, neutralization and universal redundancy rules. Language 45, 863-85.
38. Cairns, Charles. 1988. Phonotactics, markedness, and lexical representation. Phonology 5, 209-36.
39. Cairns, Charles and Mark Feinstein. 1982. Markedness and the theory of syllable structure. Linguistic Inquiry 13, 193-226.
40. Calabrese, Andrea. 1988. Towards a theory of phonological alphabets. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
41. Carlson, Lauri. 1978. Word stress in Finnish. Ms. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
42. Chen, Matthew Y. 1987. The syntax of Xiamen tone sandhi. Phonology Yearbook 4, 109-50.
43. Chomsky, Noam. 1951. Morphophonemics of Modern Hebrew. Master's thesis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
44. Chomsky, Noam. 1961. On the notion "rule of grammar". In Proceedings of the Twelfth Symposium in Applied Mathematics. [Reprinted 1964 in Jerry A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz, eds., The structure of language: readings in the philosophy of language, pp. 119-36. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.]
45. Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
46. Chomsky, Noam. 1981. Lectures on government and binding. Dordrecht: Foris.
47. Chomsky, Noam. 1986. Barriers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
48. Chomsky, Noam. 1989. Some notes on economy of derivation and representation. In Itziar Laka and Anoop Mahajan, eds., MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 10, pp. 43-7. Cambridge, MA: MIT, Dept. of Linguistics.
49. Chomsky, Noam. 1992. A minimalist program for linguistic theory. MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics #1. Cambridge, MA: Dept. of Linguistics, MIT. [1993, in Ken Hale and S. J. Keyser, eds., The view from building 20: essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger, pp. 1-52. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.]
50. Chomsky, Noam and Morris Halle. 1968. The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.
51. Churchward, Clerk Maxwell. 1953. Tongan grammar. London: Oxford University Press.
52. Churchyard, Henry. 1991. Biblical Hebrew prosodic structure as the result of preferenceranked constraints. Ms. University of Texas, Austin.
53. [Churchyard, Henry. 1999. Topics in Tiberian Biblical Hebrew metrical phonology and prosodics. Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.]
54. Clements, G. N. 1976. Palatalization: linking or assimilation? In Salikoko S. Mufwene, Carol A. Walker, and Sanford B. Steever, eds., Papers from the Twelfth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 96-109. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
55. Clements, G. N. 1990. The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. In John Kingston and Mary Beckman, eds., Papers in Laboratory Phonology I, pp. 283-333. New York:Cambridge University Press.
56. Clements, G. N. 1991. Place of articulation in vowels and consonants: a unified theory. [1993, as "Lieu d'articulation des consonnes et des voyelles: une théorie unifiée." In Bernard Laks and Annie Rialland, eds., collections "Sciences du Langage", Architecture des représentations phonologiques, pp. 101-45. Paris: Editions du CNRS.]
57. Clements, G. N. and S. J. Keyser. 1983. CV phonology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
58. Cohen, Michael A. and Steven Grossberg. 1983. Absolute stability of global pattern formation and parallel memory storage by competitive neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 13, 815-25.
59. Cole, Jennifer S. 1992. Eliminating cyclicity as a source of complexity in phonology. UIUCBI-CS Technical Report, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois. [1995, in Jennifer S. Cole, Jerry L. Morgan, and Georgia Green, eds., Linguistics and Computation, pp. 255-79. Stanford, CA: CSLI.]
60. Coleman, John. 1991. Phonological representations -their names, forms, and powers. Doctoral dissertation, University of York.
61. Davis, Stuart. 1988a. Syllable weight hierarchies and stress assignment. Ms. Indiana University, Bloomington.
62. Davis, Stuart. 1988b. Syllable onsets as a factor in stress rules. Phonology 5, 1-19.
63. Dell, François. 1973. Les règles et les sons. Paris: Hermann. [Tr. 1980 as Generative Phonology (= Part 1), and Generative phonology and French phonology, Catherine Cullen, trans. New York: Cambridge University Press.]
64. Dell, François and Mohamed Elmedlaoui. 1985. Syllabic consonants and syllabification in Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 7, 105-30.
65. Dell, François and Mohamed Elmedlaoui. 1988. Syllabic consonants in Berber: some new evidence. Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 10, 1-17.
66. Dell, François and Mohamed Elmedlaoui. 1989. Quantitative transfer in the nonconcatenative morphology of Imdlawn Tashlhiyt Berber. Journal of Afroasiatic Languages 3, 89-125.
67. [Dell, François and Mohamed Elmedlaoui. 2003. Syllables in Tashlhiyt Berber and Moroccan Arabic. Kluwer International Handbooks of Linguistics, vol. 2. Dordrecht: Kluwer.]
68. Devine, A. M. and Laurence Stephens. 1980. Latin prosody and meter: brevis brevians. Classical Philology 75, 142-57.
69. Dixon, R. M. W. 1977. A grammar of Yidiny. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
70. Dixon, R. M. W. 1988. A grammar of Boumaa Fijian. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
71. Dolan, Charles P. 1989. Tensor Manipulation Networks: connectionist and symbolic approaches to comprehension, learning, and planning. Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles.
72. Dolan, Charles P. and Michael G. Dyer. 1987. Symbolic schemata, role binding, and the evolution of structure in connectionist memories. In Proceedings of the IEEE First International Conference on Neural Networks, vol. II, pp. 287-98. San Diego, CA: IEEE.
73. Dressler, Wolfgang. 1985. On the predictiveness of natural morphology. Journal of Linguistics 21, 321-37.
74. Elman, Jeffrey L. 1990. Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science 14, 179-211.
75. Elman, Jeffrey L. 1991. Distributed representations, simple recurrent networks, and grammatical structure. Machine Learning 7, 195-226.
76. Elman, Jeffrey L. 1992. Grammatical structure and distributed representations. In Steven Davis, ed., Connectionism: theory and practice, pp. 138-78. New York: Oxford University Press.
77. Emonds, Joseph. 1970. Root and structure-preserving transformations. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
78. Everett, Daniel. 1988. On metrical constituent structure in Pirahã. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6, 207-46.
79. French, Koleen Matsuda. 1988. Insights into Tagalog reduplication. Infixation and stress from non-linear phonology. MA thesis, University of Texas, Arlington. SIL and University of Texas, Arlington, Publications in Linguistics No. 84.
80. Furby, Christine. 1974. Garawa phonology. Pacific Linguistics Series A, No. 37. Canberra:Australian National University.
81. Giegerich, Heinz. 1985. Metrical phonology and phonological structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
82. Gnanadesikan, Amalia. 1992. The feature geometry of coronal subplaces. Ms. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. [1993, in Tim Sherer, ed., University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers in Linguistics 16, 27-68. Amherst: GLSA.]
83. Golden, Richard M. 1986. The "Brain-State-in-a-Box" neural model is a gradient descent algorithm. Mathematical Psychology 30/31, 73-80.
84. Golden, Richard M. 1988. A unified framework for connectionist systems. Biological Cybernetics 59, 109-20.
85. Goldsmith, John. 1976. Autosegmental Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA. [1979, New York: Garland Publishing.]
86. Goldsmith, John. 1990. Autosegmental and metrical phonology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
87. Goldsmith, John. 1991. Phonology as an intelligent system. In Donna Jo Napoli and Judy Kegl, eds., Bridges between psychology and linguistics: a Swarthmore Festschrift for Lila Gleitman, pp. 247-67. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
88. Goldsmith, John. 1992. Local modeling in phonology. In Steven Davis, ed., Connectionism:theory and practice, pp. 229-46. New York: Oxford University Press.
89. Goldsmith, John. 1993. Harmonic Phonology. In John Goldsmith, ed., The last phonological rule, pp. 21-60. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
90. Goldsmith, John and Gary Larson. 1990. Local modeling and syllabification. In Michael Ziolkowski, Manuela Noske, and Karen Deaton, eds., Papers from the 26th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, vol. 2: Parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology, pp. 129-42. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
91. Goodman, Beverley. 1993. The integration of hierarchical features into a phonological system. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca.
92. Green, Tom. 1992. Core syllabification and the grid: explaining quantity sensitivity. In K. Broderick, ed., Proceedings of NELS 22, pp. 179-93. Amherst, MA: GLSA.
93. Grimshaw, Jane. 1993. Minimal projection, heads, and inversion. Ms. Rutgers University, New Brunswick. ROA-4. [Revised as "Projection, heads, and optimality," ROA-68; appeared 1997, as "Minimal projection, heads, and optimality," Linguistic Inquiry 28, 373-422.]
94. Guerssel, Mohammed. 1986. Glides in Berber and syllabicity. Linguistic Inquiry 17, 1-12.
95. Haiman, John. 1972. Phonological targets and unmarked structures. Language 48, 365-77.
96. Hale, Kenneth. 1973. Deep-surface canonical disparities in relation to analysis and change:an Australian example. Current Trends in Linguistics 11, 401-58.
97. Hale, Kenneth and A. Lacayo Blanco. 1988. Vocabulario preliminar del ULWA (Sumu meridional). Centro de investigaciones y documentación de la Costa Atlantica, Karawala, Zelaya Sur, Nicaragua and Center of Cognitive Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
98. Halle, Morris. 1973. Stress rules in English, a new version. Linguistic Inquiry 4, 451-64.
99. Halle, Morris and Jean-Roger Vergnaud. 1987. An essay on stress. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
100. Hammond, Michael. 1984. Constraining metrical theory: a modular theory of stress and destressing. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
101. Hammond, Michael. 1992. Deriving ternarity. Ms. University of Arizona, Tucson. [1996, in Colleen M. Fitzgerald and Andrea Heiberg, eds., Coyote Papers 9, pp. 39-58. Tucson:Dept. of Linguistics, University of Arizona.]
102. Hare, Mary. 1990. The role of similarity in Hungarian vowel harmony: a connectionist account. Connection Science 2, 123-50.
103. Hayes, Bruce. 1980. A metrical theory of stress rules. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
104. Hayes, Bruce. 1982. Extrametricality and English stress. Linguistic Inquiry 13, 227-76.
105. Hayes, Bruce. 1984. The phonology of rhythm in English. Linguistic Inquiry 15, 33-74.
106. Hayes, Bruce. 1985. Iambic and trochaic rhythm in stress rules. In Mary Niepokuj, Mary VanClay, Vassiliki Nikiforidou, and Deborah Feder (with Claudia Brugman, Monica Macaulay, Natasha Beery, and Michele Emanatian), eds., Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: parasession on poetics, metrics, and prosody, pp. 429-46. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
107. Hayes, Bruce. 1987. A revised parametric metrical theory. In Joyce McDonough and Bernadette Plunkett, eds., Proceedings of the North East Linguistics Society 17, pp. 274-89. Amherst: GLSA.
108. Hayes, Bruce. 1991/95. Metrical stress theory: principles and case studies. Ms. University of California, Los Angeles. [1995, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.]
109. Hewitt, Mark. 1992. Vertical maximization and metrical theory. Doctoral dissertation, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
110. Hewitt, Mark and Alan Prince. 1989. OCP, locality, and linking: the N. Karanga verb. In E. Jane Fee and Katherine Hunt, eds., Proceedings of the Eighth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, pp. 176-91. Stanford: Stanford Linguistics Association.
111. Hinton, Geoffrey E. and Sejnowski, Terrence J. 1983. Optimal perceptual inference. In Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 448-53. Silver Spring, MD: IEEE Computer Society Press.
112. Hinton, Geoffrey E. and Sejnowski, Terrence J. 1986. Learning and relearning in Boltzmann Machines. In David E. Rumelhart, James L. McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, eds., Parallel Distributed Processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, pp. 282-317. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
113. Hooper, Joan Bybee. 1972. The syllable in linguistic theory. Language 48, 525-40.
114. Hopfield, John J. 1982. Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 79, 2554-8.
115. Hopfield, John J. 1984. Neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 81, 3088-92.
116. Howard, Irwin. 1973. A directional theory of rule application. Doctoral dissertation, MIT. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
117. Howard, Richard. 1990. The victor vanquished. Antaeus 64/65, 61-2. New York: Ecco Press.
118. Hudson, Grover. 1974. The role of SPC's in Natural Generative Phonology. In Anthony Bruck, Robert A. Fox, and Michael W. LaGaly, eds., Papers from the parasession on Natural Phonology, pp. 171-83. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
119. Hulst, Harry van der. 1984. Syllable structure and stress in Dutch. Dordrecht: Foris.
120. Hulst, Harry van der. 1992. The independence of stress and rhythm. Ms. Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden.
121. Hume, Elizabeth V. 1992. Front vowels, coronal consonants, and their interaction in Nonlinear Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca.
122. Hung, Henrietta. 1992. Relativized suffixation in Choctaw: a constraint-based analysis of the verb grade system. Ms. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
123. Hung, Henrietta. 1994. The rhythmic and prosodic organization of edge constituents. Doctoral dissertation, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. [1995, as The rhythmic and prosodic organization of edge constituents: an Optimality-Theoretic account. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club Publications.]
124. Hyman, Larry. 1985. A theory of phonological weight. Dordrecht: Foris.
125. Inkelas, Sharon. 1989. Prosodic constituency in the lexicon. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.
126. Itô, Junko. 1986. Syllable theory in prosodic phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
127. Itô, Junko. 1989. A prosodic theory of epenthesis. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7, 217-60.
128. Itô, Junko, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and R. Armin Mester. 1992. Prosodic type preservation in Japanese: evidence from zuuja-go. SRC-92-05, Syntax Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz. [1996, Revised as "Prosodic faithfulness and correspondence:evidence from a Japanese argot," ROA-146.]
129. Itô, Junko and R. Armin Mester. 1992. Weak layering and word binarity. Report LRC-92-09, Linguistics Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz.
130. Itô, Junko and R. Armin Mester. 1993. Licensed segments and safe paths. In Carole Paradis, Darlene LaCharité, and Emmanuel Nikiema, eds., Constraint-based theories in multilinear phonology, special issue of Canadian Journal of Linguistics 38, 197-213.
131. Jackendoff, Ray. 1983. Semantics and cognition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
132. Jackendoff, Ray. 1987. Consciousness and the computational mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
133. Jackendoff, Ray. 1991. Musical parsing and musical affect. Music Perception 9, 199-230.
134. Jain, Ajay N. 1991. Parsing complex sentences with structured connectionist networks. Neural Computation 3, 110-20.
135. Jakobson, Roman. 1962. Selected writings 1: phonological studies. The Hague: Mouton.
136. Johnson, C. Douglas. 1972. Formal aspects of phonological description. The Hague: Mouton.
137. Kager, René. 1989. A metrical theory of stress and destressing in English and Dutch = Een metrische theorie over klemtoon en klemtoonverlies in het Engels en het Nederlands. Dordrecht:ICG.
138. Kager, René. 1992a. Are there any truly quantity-insensitive systems? In Laura A. Buszard-Welcher, Lionel Wee, and William F. Weigel, eds., Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 123-32. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
139. Kager, René. 1992b. Shapes of the generalized trochee. In J. Mead, ed., Proceedings of the Eleventh West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics 11, 298-311. Stanford: CSLI.
140. Kager, René. 1993. Alternatives to the Iambic-Trochaic Law. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 11, 381-432.
141. Kager, René and Ellis Visch. 1984a. Een metrische analyse van ritmische klemtoonverschuiving. MA thesis, Instituut de Vooys voor Nederlanse taal- en letterkunde, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht.
142. Kager, René and Ellis Visch. 1984b. Syllable weight and Dutch word stress. In Hans Bennis and W. U. S. van Lessen Kloeke, eds., Linguistics in the Netherlands 1984, pp. 197-205. Dordrecht: Foris.
143. Kahn, Daniel. 1976. Syllable-based generalizations in English phonology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
144. Kaye, Jonathan. 1990. 'Coda' licensing. Phonology 7, 301-30.
145. Kaye, Jonathan and Jean Lowenstamm. 1981. Syllable structure and markedness theory. In Adriana Belletti, Luciana Brandi, and Luigi Rizzi, eds., The theory of markedness in generative grammar, pp. 287-315. Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore.
146. Kaye, Jonathan and Jean Lowenstamm. 1984. De la syllabicité. In François Dell, Daniel Hirst, and Jean-Roger Vergnaud, eds., Forme sonore du langage, pp. 123-59. Paris: Hermann.
147. Kaye, Jonathan, Jean Lowenstamm, and Jean-Roger Vergnaud. 1985. The internal structure of phonological elements: a theory of Charm and Government. Phonology Yearbook 2, 305-28.
148. Kean, Mary-Louise. 1974. The theory of markedness in generative grammar. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
149. Kelkar, Ashok R. 1968. Studies in Hindi-Urdu I: introduction and word phonology. Deccan College, Poona.
150. Kiparsky, Paul. 1973a. How abstract is phonology? In Osama Fujimura, ed., Three dimensions of linguistic theory, pp. 5-56. Tokyo: TEC.
151. Kiparsky, Paul. 1973b. Abstractness, opacity and global rules. In Osama Fujimura, ed., Three dimensions of linguistic theory, pp. 57-86. Tokyo: TEC.
152. Kiparsky, Paul. 1973c. "Elsewhere" in phonology. In Stephen Anderson and Paul Kiparsky, eds., A Festschrift for Morris Halle, pp. 93-106. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
153. Kiparsky, Paul. 1981. Vowel harmony. Ms. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
154. Kiparsky, Paul. 1982. Lexical phonology and morphology. In I. S. Yang, ed., Linguistics in the Morning Calm, pp. 3-91. Seoul: Hanshin.
155. Kiparsky, Paul. 1991. Quantity sensitivity and the nature of templatic parsing. Undated handout. Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley, CA.
156. Kiparsky, Paul. 1992. Catalexis. Ms. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
157. Kirchner, Robert. 1992a. Lardil truncation and augmentation: a morphological account. Ms. University of Maryland, College Park.
158. Kirchner, Robert. 1992b. Harmonic Phonology within one language: an analysis of Yidiny. MA thesis, University of Maryland, College Park.
159. Kirchner, Robert. 1992c. Yidiny prosody in Harmony Theoretic Phonology. Ms. University of California, Los Angeles.
160. Kisseberth, Charles. 1970a. On the functional unity of phonological rules. Linguistic Inquiry 1, 291-306.
161. Kisseberth, Charles. 1970b. Vowel elision in Tonkawa and derivational constraints. In Jerrold M. Sadock and Anthony L. Vanek, eds., Studies presented to Robert B. Lees by his students, pp. 109-37. Edmonton: Linguistic Research Inc.
162. Kisseberth, Charles. 1972. On derivative properties of phonological rules. In Michael K. Brame, ed., Contributions to generative phonology, pp. 201-28. Austin: University of Texas Press.
163. Klokeid, Terry Jack. 1976. Topics in Lardil grammar. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
164. Kuryyowicz, Jerzy. 1968. Indogermanische Grammatik. Band II: Akzent. Ablaut. Heidelberg:Carl Winter.
165. Lachter, Joel and Bever, Thomas G. 1988. The relation between linguistic structure and associative theories of language learning -a constructive critique of some connectionist learning models. Cognition 28, 195-247.
166. Lakoff, George. 1965. On the nature of syntactic irregularity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Harvard Computational Lab Report NSF-16.
167. Lakoff, George. 1988. A suggestion for a linguistics with connectionist foundations. In David Touretzky, Geoffrey Hinton, and Terrence Sejnowski, eds., Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School. San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
168. Lakoff, George. 1989. Cognitive phonology. Paper presented at the UC-Berkeley Workshop on Rules and Constraints, May 1989.
169. Lakoff, George. 1993. Cognitive phonology. In John Goldsmith, ed., The last phonological rule, pp. 117-45. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
170. Lapointe, Steven and Mark Feinstein. 1982. The role of vowel deletion and epenthesis in the assignment of syllable structure. In Harry van der Hulst and Norval Smith, eds., The structure of phonological representations. Part II, pp. 69-120. Dordrecht: Foris.
171. Larson, Gary. 1990. Local computational networks and the distribution of segments in the Spanish syllable. In Michael Ziolkowski, Manuela Noske, and Karen Deaton, eds., Papers from the 26th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, vol. 2: Parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology, pp. 257-72. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
172. Larson, Gary. 1992. Dynamic computational networks and the representation of phonological information. Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Chicago.
173. Legendre, Géraldine, Yoshiro Miyata, and Paul Smolensky. 1990a. Can connectionism contribute to syntax? Harmonic Grammar, with an application. In Michael Ziolkowski, Manuela Noske, and Karen Deaton, eds., Papers from the 26th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 237-52. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
174. Legendre, Géraldine, Yoshiro Miyata, and Paul Smolensky. 1990b. Harmonic Grammar -a formal multi-level connectionist theory of linguistic well-formedness: an application. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 884-91. Cambridge, MA: Erlbaum.
175. Legendre, Géraldine, Yoshiro Miyata, and Paul Smolensky. 1990c. Harmonic Grammar -a formal multi-level connectionist theory of linguistic well-formedness: theoretical foundations. In Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 388-95. Cambridge, MA: Erlbaum.
176. Legendre, Géraldine, Yoshiro Miyata, and Paul Smolensky. 1991a. Unifying syntactic and semantic approaches to unaccusativity: a connectionist approach. In Laurel A. Sutton and Christopher Johnson (with Ruth Shields), eds., Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 156-67. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society.
177. Legendre, Géraldine, Yoshiro Miyata, and Paul Smolensky. 1991b. Distributed recursive structure processing. In Richard P. Lippman, John E. Moody, and David S. Touretzky, eds., Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 3, pp. 591-7. San Mateo, CA:Morgan Kaufmann.
178. Legendre, Géraldine, William Raymond, and Paul Smolensky. 1993. An Optimality-Theoretic typology of case marking and grammatical voice. In Joshua S. Guenter, Barbara A. Keyser, and Cheryl C. Zoll, eds., Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 464-78. Berkeley: Berkeley Linguistics Society. ROA-3.
179. Lerdahl, Fred and Ray Jackendoff. 1983. A generative theory of tonal music. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press.
180. Levelt, Clara. 1991. Samoan reduplication: how to behave as a plural and other good manners. In John van Lit, René Mulder, and Rint Sybesma, eds., Proceedings of the Leiden Conference for Junior Linguists 2. Leiden: University of Leiden.
181. Levin, Juliette [Blevins]. 1985. A metrical theory of syllabicity. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
182. Liberman, Mark. 1975. The intonational system of English. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
183. Liberman, Mark and Alan Prince. 1977. On stress and linguistic rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry 8, 249-336.
184. Lombardi, Linda and John J. McCarthy. 1991. Prosodic circumscription in Choctaw morphology. Phonology 8, 37-71.
185. Lowenstamm, Jean and Jonathan Kaye. 1986. Compensatory lengthening in Tiberian Hebrew. In Leo Wetzels and Engin Sezer, eds., Studies in compensatory lengthening, pp. 97-132. Dordrecht: Foris.
186. Marcus, Gary, Steven Pinker, Michael Ullman, Michelle Hollander, T. John Rosen, and Fei Xu. 1992. Overregularization in language acquisition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 57 (4, Serial No. 228). Also MIT CCS Occasional Paper No. 41.
187. McCarthy, John J. 1979. Formal problems in Semitic phonology and morphology. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
188. McCarthy, John J. 1981. A prosodic theory of nonconcatenative morphology. Linguistic Inquiry 12, 373-418.
189. McCarthy, John J. 1986. OCP effects: gemination and antigemination. Linguistic Inquiry 17, 207-63.
190. McCarthy, John J. 1993. A case of surface constraint violation. In Carole Paradis, Darlene LaCharité, and Emmanuel Nikiema, eds., Constraint-based theories in multilinear phonology, special issue of Canadian Journal of Linguistics 38, 169-95.
191. McCarthy, John J. 1994. On coronal 'transparency'. Handout from TREND, Santa Cruz, CA.
192. McCarthy, John J. 2002. A thematic guide to Optimality Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
193. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1986. Prosodic Morphology. Ms. University of Massachusetts at Amherst and Brandeis University, Waltham, MA. [1996, as Prosodic Morphology 1986, RuCCS-TR-32, Technical Reports of the Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science. Piscataway: Rutgers University. http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/ruccs/publications.html.]
194. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1988. Quantitative transfer in reduplicative and templatic morphology. In Linguistic Society of Korea, ed., Linguistics in the Morning Calm 2, pp. 3-35. Seoul: Hanshin.
195. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1990a. Foot and word in Prosodic Morphology: the Arabic broken plurals. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8, 209-82.
196. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1990b. Prosodic Morphology and templatic morphology. In Mushira Eid and John J. McCarthy, eds., Perspectives on Arabic linguistics: papers from the Second Symposium, pp. 1-54. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
197. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1991a. Prosodic minimality. Lecture presented at University of Illinois Conference on The Organization of Phonology.
198. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1991b. Linguistics 240: Prosodic Morphology. Lectures and handouts from 1991 LSA Linguistic Institute Course, University of California, Santa Cruz.
199. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1993a. Prosodic Morphology I: constraint interaction and satisfaction. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. RuCCS-TR-3. ROA-482.
200. McCarthy, John J. and Alan Prince. 1993b. Generalized Alignment. In Geert Booij and Jaap van Marle, eds., Yearbook of Morphology 1993, pp. 79-153. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ROA-7.
201. McCarthy, John J. and Alison Taub. 1992. Review of Carole Paradis and Jean-François Prunet, eds., The special status of coronals. Phonology 9, 363-70.
202. McClelland, James L. and Kawamoto, Alan H. 1986. Mechanisms of sentence processing:assigning roles to constituents. In David E. Rumelhart, James L. McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, eds., Parallel Distributed Processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 2: Psychological and biological models, ch. 19, pp. 272-325. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
203. McMillan, Clayton and Paul Smolensky. 1988. Analyzing a connectionist model as a system of soft rules. In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 62-8. Montréal: Erlbaum.
204. Mester, R. Armin. 1986. Studies in tier structure. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. [1988, New York: Garland.]
205. Mester, R. Armin. 1991. Some remarks on Tongan stress. Ms. Linguistics Board, University of California, Santa Cruz.
206. Mester, R. Armin. 1992. The quantitative trochee in Latin. SRC-92-06, Syntax Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz. [1994, Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 12, 1-61.]
207. Michelson, Karin. 1988. A comparative study of Lake Iroquoian accent. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
208. Miikkulainen, Risto and Dyer, Michael G. 1991. Natural language processing with modular PDP networks and distributed lexicon. Cognitive Science 15, 343-99.
209. Mohanan, K. P. 1991. On the bases of radical underspecification. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 9, 285-325.
210. Mohanan, K. P. 1993. Fields of attraction in phonology. In John Goldsmith, ed., The last phonological rule, pp. 61-116. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
211. Myers, Scott. 1987a. Tone and the structure of words in Shona. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
212. Myers, Scott. 1987b. Vowel shortening in English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 5, 485-518.
213. Myers, Scott. 1991. Persistent rules. Linguistic Inquiry 22, 315-44.
214. Nespor, Marina and Irene Vogel. 1986. Prosodic phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.
215. Noske, Roland. 1982. Syllabification and syllable-changing rules in French. In Harry van der Hulst and Norval Smith, eds., The structure of phonological representations. Part II, pp. 257-310. Dordrecht: Foris.
216. Oehrle, Richard. 1971. Some remarks on the role of morphology in the assignment of stress. Ms. MIT, Cambridge, MA.
217. Paradis, Carole. 1988a. On constraints and repair strategies. The Linguistic Review 6, 71-97.
218. Paradis, Carole. 1988b. Towards a theory of constraint violations. McGill Working Papers in Linguistics 5, 1-44.
219. Paradis, Carole and Jean-François Prunet, eds. 1991. The special status of coronals: internal and external evidence. As Phonetics and Phonology, vol. 2. New York: Academic Press.
220. Payne, David. 1981. The phonology and morphology of Axininca Campa. University of Texas, Arlington, and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
221. Payne, David, Judith Payne, and Jorge Sánchez S. 1982. Morfología, fonología y fonética del Ashéninca del Apurucayali (campa-arawak preandino). Serie Lingüística Peruana, 18. Lima:Ministerio de Educación and Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.
222. Perlmutter, David. 1971. Deep and surface structure constraints in syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
223. Piggott, Glyne. 1992. Satisfying the minimal word. Ms. McGill University, Montréal.
224. Piggott, Glyne and Raj Singh. 1985. The phonology of epenthetic segments. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 30, 415-53.
225. Pinker, Steven. 1984. Language learnability and language development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
226. Pinker, Steven and Alan Prince. 1988. On language and connectionism: analysis of a parallel distributed processing model of language acquisition. Cognition 28, 73-193.
227. Pollack, Jordan B. 1988. Recursive auto-associative memory: devising compositional distributed representations. In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 33-9. Montréal: Erlbaum.
228. Pollack, Jordan B. 1990. Recursive distributed representation. Artificial Intelligence 46, 77-105.
229. Poser, William J. 1985. Cliticization to NP and Lexical Phonology. In Jeffrey Goldberg, Susannah MacKaye, and Michael Wescoat, eds., Proceedings of the Fourth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, pp. 262-72. Stanford: CSLI.
230. Poser, William J. 1986. Invisibility. GLOW Newsletter 16, 63-4.
231. Poser, William J. 1990. Evidence for foot structure in Japanese. Language 66, 78-105.
232. Prince, Alan. 1976. 'Applying' stress. Ms. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
233. Prince, Alan. 1980. A metrical theory for Estonian quantity. Linguistic Inquiry 11, 511-62.
234. Prince, Alan. 1983. Relating to the Grid. Linguistic Inquiry 14, 19-100.
235. Prince, Alan. 1984. Phonology with tiers. In Mark Aronoff and Richard T. Oehrle, eds., Language sound structure, pp. 234-44. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
236. Prince, Alan. 1985. Improving tree theory. In Mary Niepokuj, Mary VanClay, Vassiliki Nikiforidou, and Deborah Feder (with Claudia Brugman, Monica Macaulay, Natasha Beery, and Michele Emanatian), eds., Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: parasession on poetics, metrics, and prosody, pp. 471-90. Berkeley:Berkeley Linguistics Society.
237. Prince, Alan. 1990. Quantitative consequences of rhythmic organization. In Michael Ziolkowski, Manuela Noske, and Karen Deaton, eds., Papers from the 26th Annual Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, vol. 2: Parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology, pp. 355-98. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
238. Prince, Alan. 1993. In defense of the number i: anatomy of a linear dynamical model of linguistic generalizations. Technical Report RuCCS TR-1, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science.
239. Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1991a. Optimality. Talk given at Arizona Phonology Conference. University of Arizona, Tucson.
240. Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1991b. Notes on connectionism and Harmony Theory in linguistics. Technical Report CU-CS-533-91. Dept. of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder.
241. Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1992. Optimality: constraint interaction in generative grammar. Revised and augmented handout from talk delivered at West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, February 22, UCLA.
242. Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1993. Optimality Theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar. Technical Report CU-CS-696-95. RuCCS-TR-2. [2002, as ROA-537.]
243. Pulleyblank, Douglas. 1983. Tone in Lexical Phonology. Dordrecht: Reidel.
244. Pyle, Charles. 1972. On eliminating BM's. In Paul M. Peranteau and Judith N. Levi, eds., Papers from the 8th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 516-32. Chicago:Chicago Linguistic Society.
245. Rager, John and George Berg. 1990. A connectionist model of motion and government in Chomsky's government-binding theory. Connection Science 2, 35-52.
246. Rizzi, Luigi. 1990. Relativized Minimality. Linguistic Inquiry Monograph 16. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
247. Rosenthall, Sam. 1994. The phonology of vowels and glides. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. ROA-126.
248. Rubach, Jerzy and Gert Booij. 1985. A grid theory of stress in Polish. Lingua 66, 281-319.
249. Rumelhart, David E. and James L. McClelland. 1986. On learning the past tenses of English verbs. In James L. McClelland, David E. Rumelhart, and the PDP Research Group, eds., Parallel Distributed Processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 2: Psychological and biological models, ch. 18, pp. 216-71. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
250. Rumelhart, David E., Paul Smolensky, James L. McClelland, and Geoffrey E. Hinton. 1986. Schemata and sequential thought in PDP models. In James L. McClelland, David E. Rumelhart, and the PDP Research Group, eds., Parallel Distributed Processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 2: Psychological and biological models, ch. 14, pp. 7-57. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
251. Samek-Lodovici, Vieri. 1992a. Universal constraints and morphological gemination: a crosslinguistic study. Ms. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
252. Samek-Lodovici, Vieri. 1992b. A unified analysis of crosslinguistic morphological gemination. In Proceedings of CONSOLE-1. ROA-149.
253. Sapir, Edward. 1930. The Southern Paiute language. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 65, 1-296.
254. Schachter, Paul. 1987. Tagalog. In Bernard Comrie, ed., The world's major languages, ch. 47, pp. 936-58. London and Sydney: Croom Helm.
255. Schachter, Paul and Fe Otanes. 1972. Tagalog reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
256. Scobbie, James. 1991. Attribute Value Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Edinburgh.
257. Scobbie, James. 1992. Towards Declarative Phonology. Edinburgh Working Papers in Cognitive Science 7, 1-26.
258. Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1980a. Prosodic domains in phonology: Sanskrit revisited. In Mark Aronoff and Mary-Louise Kean, eds., Juncture, pp. 107-29. Saratoga, CA: Anma Libri.
259. Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1980b. The role of prosodic categories in English word stress. Linguistic Inquiry 11, 563-605.
260. Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1981. Epenthesis and degenerate syllables in Cairene Arabic. In Hagit Borer and Joseph Aoun, eds., Theoretical issues in the grammar of the Semitic languages: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 3, pp. 111-40. Cambridge, MA: Dept. of Linguistics, MIT.
261. Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1984. Phonology and syntax: the relation between sound and structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
262. Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1986. On derived domains in sentence phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3, 371-405.
263. Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1993. The prosodic structure of functional elements: affixes, clitics, and words. Handout of talk presented at the Signal to Syntax Conference, Brown University, Providence.
264. Sherer, Tim. 1994. Prosodic phonotactics. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. ROA-54.
265. Singh, Raj. 1987. Well-formedness conditions and phonological theory. In Wolfgang Dressler et al., eds., Phonologica 1984, pp. 273-85. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
266. Smolensky, Paul. 1983. Schema selection and stochastic inference in modular environments. In Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 378-82. Washington, DC: American Association for Artificial Intelligence.
267. Smolensky, Paul. 1984. The mathematical role of self-consistency in parallel computation. In Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 319-25. Boulder, CO: Erlbaum.
268. Smolensky, Paul. 1986. Information processing in dynamical systems: foundations of Harmony Theory. In David E. Rumelhart, James L. McClelland, and the PDP Research Group, eds., Parallel Distributed Processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1: Foundations, ch. 6, pp. 194-281. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
269. Smolensky, Paul. 1987. On variable binding and the representation of symbolic structures in connectionist systems. Technical Report CU-CS-355-87, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder.
270. Smolensky, Paul. 1988. On the proper treatment of connectionism. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, 1-74.
271. Smolensky, Paul. 1990. Tensor product variable binding and the representation of symbolic structures in connectionist networks. Artificial Intelligence 46, 159-216.
272. Smolensky, Paul. 1995. Constituent structure and explanation in an integrated connectionist/ symbolic cognitive architecture. In Cynthia Macdonald and Graham Macdonald, eds., The philosophy of psychology: debates on psychological explanation, pp. 221-90. Oxford: Blackwell.
273. Smolensky, Paul, Géraldine Legendre, and Yoshiro Miyata. 1992. Principles for an integrated connectionist/symbolic theory of higher cognition. Technical Report CU-CS-600-92, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder.
274. Smolensky, Paul and Mary Riley. 1984. Harmony Theory: problem solving, parallel cognitive models, and thermal physics. Technical report 8404, Institute for Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego.
275. Sommerstein, Alan H. 1974. On phonotactically motivated rules. Journal of Linguistics 10, 71-94.
276. Spring, Cari. 1990. Implications of Axininca Campa for Prosodic Morphology and reduplication. Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson.
277. St. John, Mark F. and James L. McClelland. 1990. Learning and applying contextual constraints in sentence comprehension. Artificial Intelligence 46, 217-58.
278. Stampe, David. 1969. The acquisition of phonetic representation. In Robert I. Binnick, Alice Davidson, Georgia M. Green, and Jerry L. Morgan, eds., Papers from the Fifth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 433-44. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
279. Stampe, David. 1973. On chapter nine. In Michael Kenstowicz and Charles Kisseberth, eds., Issues in phonological theory, pp. 44-52. The Hague: Mouton.
280. Stampe, David. 1973/79. A dissertation in Natural Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago. [1979, New York: Garland Publishing.]
281. Steriade, Donca. 1982. Greek prosodies and the nature of syllabification. Doctoral dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
282. Steriade, Donca. 1988. Greek accent: a case for preserving structure. Linguistic Inquiry 19, 271-314.
283. Stevens, Kenneth and S. J. Keyser. 1989. Primary features and their enhancement in consonants. Language 65, 81-106.
284. Stevens, Kenneth, S. J. Keyser, and H. Kawasaki. 1986. Toward a phonetic and phonological theory of redundant features. In Joseph Perkell and Dennis Klatt, eds., Invariance and variability in speech processes, pp. 241-54. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
285. Stolcke, Andreas. 1989. Unification as constraint satisfaction in structured connectionist networks. Neural Computation 1, 559-67.
286. Stump, Gregory. 1989. A note on Breton pluralization and the Elsewhere Condition. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 7, 261-73.
287. Topping, Donald M. 1973. Chamorro reference grammar. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
288. Touretzky, David S. 1989. Towards a connectionist phonology: the "many maps" approach to sequence manipulation. In Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 188-95. Ann Arbor, MI: Erlbaum.
289. Touretzky, David S., ed. 1991. Special issue: Connectionist approaches to language learning. Machine Learning 7, 105-252.
290. Touretzky, David S. and Deirdre W. Wheeler. 1991. Sequence manipulation using parallel mapping networks. Neural Computation 3, 98-109.
291. Vennemann, Theo. 1972. On the theory of syllabic phonology. Linguistische Berichte 18, 1-18.
292. Visch, Ellis. 1989. A metrical theory of rhythmic stress phenomena. (Een metrische theorie van ritmische klemtoonverschijnselen). Dordrecht: ICG.
293. Voltaire. 1759. Candide ou l'Optimisme. Revised 1761 [for the worse, in our view]; tr. Lowell Bair as Candide by Voltaire, 1959. New York: Bantam Books.
294. Wertheimer, Max. 1923. Untersuchungen zur Lehre von der Gestalt II. Psychologische Forschung 4, 301-50. Translated as "Laws of organization in perceptual forms," in W. D. Ellis, ed., 1938, A source book of Gestalt psychology, pp. 71-88. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
295. Wheeler, Deirdre. 1981. Aspects of a categorial theory of phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
296. Wheeler, Deirdre. 1988. Consequences of some categorially motivated phonological assumptions. In Richard Oehrle, Emmon Bach, and Deirdre Wheeler, eds., Categorial grammars and natural language structures, pp. 467-88. Dordrecht: Reidel.
297. Wheeler, Deirdre W. and Touretzky, David S. 1993. A connectionist implementation of cognitive phonology. In John Goldsmith, ed., The last phonological rule, pp. 146-72. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
298. Wilkinson, Karina. 1986. Syllable structure and Lardil phonology. Ms. University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
299. Wilkinson, Karina. 1988. Prosodic structure and Lardil phonology. Linguistic Inquiry 19, 325-34.
300. Wiltshire, Caroline. 1992. Syllabification and rule application in Harmonic Phonology. Doctoral dissertation, University of Chicago.
301. Woodbury, Anthony. 1981. Study of the Chevak dialect of Central Yupik Eskimo. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
302. Wurzel, Wolfgang. 1985. On morphological naturalness. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 7, 145-63.
303. Yip, Moira. 1988. The Obligatory Contour Principle and phonological rules: a loss of identity. Linguistic Inquiry 19, 65-100.
304. Yip, Moira. 1993a. Cantonese loanword phonology and Optimality Theory. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 2.3, 261-93.
305. Yip, Moira. 1993b. Phonological constraints, optimality, and phonetic realization in Cantonese. University of Pennsylvania Colloquium.
306. Zec, Draga. 1988. Sonority constraints on syllable structure. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
307. Zec, Draga. 1994. Coda constraints and conditions on syllable weight. Ms. Cornell University, Ithaca. [1995, Sonority constraints on syllable structure. Phonology 12, 85-129.]
308. Zoll, Cheryl. 1992a. When syllables collide: a theory of alternating quantity. Ms. Brandeis University, Waltham, MA.
309. Zoll, Cheryl 1992b. Remarks on the OCP. Personal communication.
310. Zoll, Cheryl. 1993. Ghost consonants and optimality. In Erin Duncan, Michele Hart, and Philip Spaelti, eds., Proceedings of the Twelfth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, pp. 183-99. Stanford: Stanford Linguistics Association.
311. Zonneveld, Wim. 1976. Destressing in Halle's English stress rules. Linguistic Inquiry 7, 520-5.