The empirical status of strain theory

Journal of Crime and Justice

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 1992, Pages 1-30

  Cullen, Francis T ^b  

^a SAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84948267299     PISSN: 0735648X     EISSN: 21589119     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/0735648X.1992.9721462     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Agnew, R. (1984). “Goal Achievement and Delinquency.” Sociology and Social Research 68:435-451.
2. Agnew, R. (1985). “A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency.” Social Forces 64:151-167.
3. Agnew, R. (1987). “On ‘Testing Structural Strain Theories.’” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 24:281-286.
4. Agnew, R. (1989). “A Longitudinal Test of the Revised Strain Theory.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 5:373-387.
5. Agnew, R. (1991). “Strain and Subcultural Crime Theories.” In J.F. Sheley (ed.), Criminology: A Contemporary Handbook. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
6. Agnew, R. (1992). “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” Criminology 30:47-86.
7. Akers, R.L. and J.K. Cochran (1985). “Adolescent Marijuana Use: A Test of Three Theories of Deviant Behavior.” Deviant Behavior 6:323-346.
8. Allan, EA. and D.J. Steffensmeier (1989). “Youth, Unemployment and Property Crime: Differential Effects of Job Availability and Job Quality on Juvenile and Young Adult Arrest Rates.” American Sociological Review 54:107-123.
9. Aultman, M.G. and C.F. Wellford (1979). “Towards an Integrated Model of Delinquency Causation: An Empirical Analysis.” Sociology and Social Research 63:316-327.
10. Bernard, T.J. (1984). “Control Criticisms of Strain Theories: An Assessment of Theoretical and Empirical Adequacy.” Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency 21:353-372.
11. Bernard, T.J. (1987). “Testing Structural Strain Theories.” Journal of Research on Crime and Delinquency 24:262-280.
12. Blankenship, M.S. (1992). “Explaining Predilections Toward White-Collar Crime: A Test of Differential Association.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology.
13. Blau, J.R. and P.M. Blau (1982). “The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime.” American Sociological Review 47:114-129.
14. Burton, V.S., Jr. (1991). Explaining Adult Criminality: Testing Strain, Differential Association, and Control Theories. Unpublished dissertation, University of Cincinnati. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.
15. Burton, V.S., Jr. and R.G. Dunaway (in press). “The Impact of Relative Deprivation on Middle-Class Delinquency.” In G. Barak (ed.), Varieties of Criminology: Readings from a Dynamic Discipline. New York: Praeger.
16. Cernkovich, S.N. (1978a). “Value Orientations and Delinquency Involvement.” Criminology 15:443-458.
17. Cernkovich, S.N. (1978b). “Evaluating Two Models of Delinquency Causation: Structural Theory and Control Theory.” Criminology 16:335-352.
18. Cernkovich, S.N. and P.C. Giordano (1979). “Delinquency, Opportunity, and Gender.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 70:145-151.
19. Chester, C.R. (1976). “Perceived Relative Deprivation as a Cause of Property Crime.” Crime and Delinquency 22:17-30.
20. Cheung, Y. and A.M. Ng (1988). “Social Factors in Adolescent Deviant Behavior in Hong Kong: An Integrated Theoretical Approach.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 12:27-46.
21. Clark, J.P. and E.P. Wenninger (1963). “Goal Orientations and Illegal Behavior Among Juveniles.” Social Forces 42:49-59.
22. Clinard, M.B. (1964). “The Theoretical Implications of Anomie and Deviant Behavior.” In M.B. Clinard (ed.), Anomie and Deviant Behavior. New York: The Free Press.
23. Cloward, R.A. and L.E. Ohlin (1960). Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. New York: The Free Press.
24. Cohen, A.K. (1955). Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. New York: The Free Press.
25. Cole, S. (1975). “The Growth of Scientific Knowledge: Theories of Deviance as a Case Study.” In LA. Coser (ed.), The Idea of Social Structure: Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
26. Collins, R. (1986). “Is 1980s Sociology in the Doldrums.” American Journal of Sociology 91:1336-1355.
27. Cullen, F.T. (1984). Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structural Tradition. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allanheld.
28. Cullen, F.T. (1988). “Were Cloward and Ohlin Strain Theorists?” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 25:214-241.
29. Currie, E. (1985). Confronting Crime: An American Challenge. New York: Pantheon.
30. Datesman, S.K., F.R. Scarpitti and R.M. Stephenson (1975). “Female Delinquency: An Application of Self and Opportunity Theories.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 12:107-123.
31. Dunaway, R.G., F.T. Cullen, V.S. Burton, Jr. and T.D. Evans (1992). “Specifying the Class/Crime Relationship by Social Context: A Test of the Relative Deprivation Hypothesis.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology.
32. Durkhcim, E. (1951). Suicide: A Sociological Study. Trans. by JA. Spaulding and G. Simpson. New York: The Free Press.
33. Elliott, D.S. (1962). “Delinquency and Perceived Opportunity.” Sociological Inquiry 32:216-227.
34. Elliott, D.S. and H.L. Voss (1974). Delinquency and Dropout Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.
35. Elliott, D.S., D. Huizinga and S.S. Ageton (1985). Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
36. Eve, R.A. (1978). “A Study of the Efficacy and Interactions of Several Theories for Explaining Rebelliousness Among High School Students.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 69:115-125.
37. Farnworth, M. and M.J. Lieber (1989). “Strain Theory Revisited: Economic Goals, Educational Means, and Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 54:259-279.
38. Farrington, D.P., L.E. Ohlin and J.Q. Wilson (1986). Understanding and Controlling Crime: Toward a New Research Strategy. New York: Springer-Verlag.
39. Figueira-McDonough, J. (1983). “On the Usefulness of Merton’s Anomie Theory: Academic Failure and Deviance Among High School Students.” Youth and Society 14:259-279.
40. Fredericks, M. and M. Molnar (1969). “Relative Occupational Aspirations and Aspirations of Delinquents and Non-Delinquents.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 6:1-7.
41. Gottfredson, M.R. and T. Hirschi (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
42. Gould, S.J. (1981). The Mismeasum of Man. New York: W.W. Norton.
43. Gouldner, A.W. (1970). The Coming Crisis of Western Sociology. New York: Avon.
44. Gouldner, A.W. (1973). “Foreword.” In I. Taylor, P. Walton and J. Young, The New Criminology: For a Social Theory of Deviance. London, ENG: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
45. Gove, W.R. (ed.) (1980). The Labelling of Deviance: Evaluating a Perspective, 2nd ed. New York: Halsted Press.
46. Hagan, J. (1973). “Labeling and Deviance: A Case Study in the ‘Sociology of the Interesting.’” Social Problems 20:447-458.
47. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
48. Jencks, C. and P.E. Peterson (eds.) (1991) The Urban Underclass. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
49. Johnson, R.E. (1979), Juvenile Delinquency and Its Origins: An Integrated Approach. Cambridge, GB: Cambridge University Press.
50. Kethcnini, S.R. (1990). Adolescent Drug Use in India. Unpublished dissertation, Rutgers University. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.
51. Kornhauser, R.R. (1978). Social Sources of Delinquency: An Appraisal of Analytic Models. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
52. Kuhn, T.S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
53. Landis, J.R. and F.R. Scarpitti (1965), “Perceptions Regarding Value Orientation and Legitimate Opportunity: Delinquents and Non-Delinquents.” Social Forces 44:83-91.
54. Laslcy, J. (1988). “Toward a Control Theory of White-Collar Crime.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 4:347-362.
55. Lemann, N. (1992). “The War on the War on Poverty.” Washington Post National Weekly Edition May 18-24:23-24.
56. Lilly, J.R., F.T. Cullen and R.A. Ball (1989). Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
57. Liska, A.E. (1971). “Aspirations, Expectations, and Delinquency: Stress and Additive Models.” Sociological Quarterly 12:99-107.
58. Matsueda, R.L. (1988). “The Current State of Differential Association Theory.” Crime and Delinquency 34:277-306.
59. Merton, R.K. (1938). “Social Structure and Anomie.” American Sociological Review 3:672-682.
60. Merton, R.K. (1957). “Priorities in Scientific Discovery: A Chapter in the Sociology of Science.” American Sociological Review 22:635-659.
61. Merton, R.K. (1964). “Anomie, Anomia, and Social Interaction: Contexts of Deviant Behavior.” In M.B. Clinard (ed.), Anomie and Deviant Behavior. New York: The Free Press.
62. Merton, R.K. (1968a). “Social Structure and Anomie.” In R.K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, enlarged ed. New York: The Free Press.
63. Merton, R.K. (1968b). “Continuities in the Theory of Social Structure and Anomie.” In R.K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, enlarged ed. New York: The Free Press.
64. Merton, R.K. and A.S. Rossi (1968). “Contributions to the Theory of Reference Group Behavior.” In R.K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, enlarged ed. New York: The Free Press.
65. Messner, S.F. (1983). “Regional Differences in the Economic Correlates of the Urban Homicide Rate: Some Evidence on the Importance of Cultural Context.” Criminology 21:477-488.
66. Messner, S.F. (1985). “Sex Differences in Arrest Rates for Homicide: An Application of the General Theory of Structural Strain.” Comparative Social Research 8:187-201.
67. Messner, S.F. (1987). “Racial Residential Segregation and Suburban Violent Crime.” Social Science Quarterly 68:510-527.
68. Messner, S.F. (1988). “Merton’s ‘Social Structure and Anomie’: The Road Not Taken.” Deviant Behavior 9:33-53.
69. Morin, R. (1992). “Plenty of Blame to Go Around: Programs and Presidents Have Failed Our Cities.” Washington Post National Weekly Edition May 18-24:37.
70. Murray, C. (1984). Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980. New York: Basic Books.
71. Palamara, F., F.T. Cullen and J.C. Gersten (1986). “The Effect of Police and Mental Health Intervention on Juvenile Deviance: Specifying Contingencies in the Impact of Formal Reaction.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 27:90-105.
72. Palmore, E. and P. Hammond (1964). “Interacting Factors in Juvenile Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 29:848-854.
73. Passas, N. (1987). “Anomie and Relative Deprivation.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Sociological Society.
74. Passas, N. (1990). “Anomie and Corporate Deviance.” Contemporary Crises 14:157-178.
75. Paternoster, R. and R. Triplett (1988). “Disaggregating Self-Reported Delinquency and Its Implications for Theory.” Criminology 26:591-625.
76. Pearlin, L.I., E.G. Menaghan, MA. Lieberman and J.T. Mullan (1981). “The Stress Process.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 22:337-356.
77. Pfohl, S. J. (1985). Images of Deviance and Social Control: A Sociological History. New York: NcGraw-Hill.
78. Philips, K. (1990). The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath. New York: Random House.
79. Quicker, J.C. (1974). “The Effect of Goal Discrepancy on Delinquency.” Social Problems 22:76-86.
80. Rhodes, A.L. and A.J. Reiss (1969). “Apathy, Truancy, and Delinquency as Adaptations to School Failure.” Social Forces 47:12-22.
81. Rivera, R. and J.F. Short, Jr. (1967). “Significant Adults Caretakers, and Structures of Opportunity: An Exploratory Study.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 4:76-97.
82. Rosenfeld, R. (1989). “Robert Merton’s Contributions to the Sociology of Deviance.” Sociological Inquiry 59:453-466.
83. Sampson, R.J. and J.H. Laub (1990). “Crime and Deviance Over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds.” American Sociological Review 55:609-627.
84. Segrave, J.O. and D.N. Halstad (1983). “Evaluating Structural and Control Models of Delinquency Causation: A Replication.” Youth and Society 14:437-456.
85. Seltzer, J.A. and D. Kalmuss (1988). “Socialization and Stress Explanations for Spouse Abuse.” Social Forces 67:473-491.
86. Short, J.F., Jr., R. Rivera and R.A. Tennyson (1965). “Perceived Opportunities, Gang Membership, and Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 30:56-67.
87. Shover, N. and D. Honaker (in press). “The Socially Bounded Decision Making of Persistent Property Offenders.” Howard Journal of Criminal Justice.
88. Shrout, P.E., B.G. Link, B.P. Dohrenwend, A.E. Skodol, A. Stueve and J. Mirotznik (1989). “Characterizing Life Events as Risk Factors for Depression: The Role Fateful Loss Events.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 98:460-467.
89. Shue, J. (1988). “Juvenile Delinquency in the Republic of China.” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 12:59-72.
90. Simons, R.L., M.G. Miller and S.M. Aigner (1980). “Contemporary Theories of Deviance and Female Delinquency: An Empirical Test.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 17:42-57.
91. Smith, D.A. and R. Paternoster (1987). “The Gender Gap in Theories of Deviance: Issues and Evidence.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 24:140-172.
92. Stewart, J.B. (1991). Den of Thieves. New York: Simon and Schuster.
93. Sykes, G.M. and F.T. Cullen (1992). Criminology. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
94. Taylor, I., P. Walton and J. Young (1973). The New Criminology: For a Social Theory of Deviance. London, ENG: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
95. Thio, A. (1975). “A Critical Look at Merton’s Anomie Theory.” Pacific Sociological Review 18:139-158.
96. Thomas, C.W. and D.M. Bishop (1984). “The Effect of Formal and Informal Sanctions on Delinquency: A Longitudinal Comparison of Labeling and Deterrence Theories.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 75:1222-1245.
97. Vaux, A. and M. Ruggiero (1983). “Stressful Life Change and Delinquent Behavior.” American Journal of Community Psychology 11:169-183.
98. Voss, H.L. (1966). “Socio-Economic Status and Reported Delinquent Behavior.” Social Problems 13:314-324.
99. Williams, F. (1984). “The Demise of the Criminological Imagination: A Critique of Recent Criminology.” Justice Quarterly 1:91-106.
100. Wilson, J.Q. and R.J. Herrnstein (1985). Crime and Human Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster.
101. Wilson, W.J. (1987). The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
102. Yeager, P.C. (1986). “Analyzing Corporate Offenses: Progress and Prospects.” Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy 8:93-120.