Long-term response of oceans to CO2 removal from the atmosphere

Nature Climate Change

Volumn 5, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 1107-1113

  Mathesius, Sabine ^a,b   Hofmann, Matthias ^a   Caldeira, Ken ^c   Schellnhuber, Hans Joachim ^a,d  

^a POTSDAM INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^c GEOPHYSICAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d SANTA FE INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM; CARBON DIOXIDE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); EMISSION CONTROL; ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE; GLOBAL WARMING; LONG-TERM CHANGE; POLLUTANT REMOVAL;

EID: 84948137965     PISSN: 1758678X     EISSN: 17586798     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2729     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Schellnhuber, H. J. et al. (eds) Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006).
2. 2. Climatic Change 90, 283-297 (2008).
3. Allen, M. R. et al. Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth tonne. Nature 458, 1163-1166 (2009).
4. IPCC Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis (eds Stocker, T. F. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013).
5. IPCC Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (eds Field, C. B. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014).
6. Caldeira, K., Bala, G. & Cao, L. The Science of geoengineering. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 41, 231-256 (2013).
7. Cao, L. & Caldeira, K. Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal: Long-term consequences and commitment. Environ. Res. Lett. 5, 024011 (2010).
8. Vaughan, N. E. & Lenton, T. M. A review of climate geoengineering proposals. Climatic Change 109, 745-790 (2009).
9. National Research Council Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth (The National Academies Press, 2015).
10. Matthews, D. L., Cao, L. & Caldeira, K. Sensitivity of ocean acidification to geoengineered climate stabilization. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, L10706 (2009).
11. National Research Council Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration (The National Academies Press, 2015).
12. Meinshausen, M. et al. The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extension from 1765 to 2300. Climatic Change 109, 213-241 (2011).
13. Pielke, R. Jr. Air capture update. Nature Geosci. 2, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo690 (2009).
14. Petit et al. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399, 429-436 (1999).
15. Bopp, L. et al. Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models. Biogeosci. Discuss. 10, 3627-3676 (2013).
16. Cocco, V. et al. Oxygen and indicators of stress for marine life in multi-model global warming projections. Biogeosciences 10, 1849-1868 (2013).
17. Schewe, J., Levermann, A. & Meinshausen, M. Climate change under a scenario near 1.5°C of global warming: Monsoon intensification, ocean warming and steric sea level rise. Earth Syst. Dyn. 2, 25-35 (2011).
18. Matear, R. J. & Hirst, A. C. Long-term changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the ocean caused by protracted global warming. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 17, 1125 (2003).
19. Matear, R. J., Hirst, A. C. & McNeil, B. I. Changes in dissolved oxygen in the Southern Ocean with climate change. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1, 2000GC000086 (2000).
20. 2 emissions. Environ. Res. Lett. 6, 034035 (2011).
21. Guinotte, J. M. & Fabry, V. J. Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1134, 320-342 (2008).
22. Penman, D. E., Hönisch, B., Zeebe, R. E., Thomas, E. & Zachos, J. C. Rapid and sustained surface ocean acidification during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Paleoceanography 29, 357-369 (2014).
23. Jackson, J. B. C. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11458-11465 (2008).
24. Gruber, N. Warming up, turning sour, losing breath: Ocean biogeochemistry under global change. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 369, 1980-1996 (2011).
25. Bednarsek, N. et al. Murphy Extensive dissolution of live pteropods in the Southern Ocean. Nature Geosci. 5, 881-885 (2012).
26. Eakin, C. M. et al. Caribbean Corals in crisis: Record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLoS ONE 5, e13969 (2010).
27. Wittmann, A. C. & Pörtner, H. Sensitivities of extant animal taxa to ocean acidification. Nature Clim. Change 3, 995-1001 (2013).
28. Hofmann, M. & Schellnhuber, H. J. Ocean acidification: A millennial challenge. Energy Environ. Sci. 3, 1883-1896 (2010).
29. 2. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 58, 1428-1436 (2009).
30. 2 in the ocean - an inorganic ocean-circulation carbon cycle model. Clim. Dynam. 2, 63-90 (1987).
31. Eby, M. et al. Historical and idealized climate model experiments: An intercomparison of Earth system models of intermediate complexity. Clim. Past 9, 1111-1140 (2013).
32. Rahmstorf, S. Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years. Nature 419, 207-214 (2002).
33. Caldecott, B. L., Lomax, G. & Workman, M. Stranded Carbon Assets and Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs)(Smith School of Enterprise and Environment, Working Paper Series, Univ. Oxford, 2015).
34. 2. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 024012 (2014).
35. Schellnhuber, H. J. Geoengineering: The good, the MAD, and the sensible. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 20277-20278 (2011).
36. Claussen, M. et al. Earth system models of intermediate complexity: Closing the gap in the spectrum of climate system models. Clim. Dynam. 18, 579-586 (2002).
37. Montoya, M. et al. The Earth system model of intermediate complexity CLIMBER-3α. Part I: Description and performance for present-day conditions. Clim. Dynam. 25, 237-263 (2005).
38. 2 concentration. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB1016 (2008).
39. Pacanowski, R. C. & Griffies, S. M. The MOM-3 Manual Technical Report 4 (GFDL Ocean Group, NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, 1999).
40. Petoukhov, V. et al. CLIMBER-2: A climate system model of intermediate complexity Part I: Model description and performance for present climate. Clim. Dynam. 16, 1-17 (2000).
41. Fichefet, T. & Maqueda, M. A. M. Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 12,609-12,646 (1997).
42. Six, K. & Maier-Reimer, E. Effects of phytoplankton on seasonal carbon fluxes in an ocean general circulation model. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 10, 559-583 (1996).
43. Wanninkhof, R. Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 7373-7382 (1992).
44. Stouffer, R. J. et al. Investigating the causes of the response of the thermohaline circulation to past and future climate changes. J. Clim. 19, 1365-1387 (2006).
45. 2 concentration. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, 1365-1387 (2005).
46. 2 doubling. Clim. Dynam. 25, 363-385 (2005).
47. Cao, L. et al. Sensitivity of ocean acidification and oxygen to the uncertainty in climate change. Environ. Res. Lett. 9, 064005 (2014).