Plenary lecture: One hundred years of liquid-crystal chemistry: Thermotropic liquid crystals with conventional and unconventional molecular structure

Liquid Crystals

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1989, Pages 75-110

  Demus, D ^a  

^a MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE WITTENBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84947821166     PISSN: 02678292     EISSN: 13665855     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02678298908026353     Document Type: Article

References (146)

1. Reinitzer, F., 1988, Monatsh. Chem., 9, 421, An English translation of this is given in these. Proceedings, 1989, Liq. Crystals, 5, 7
2. Lehmann, O., 1889, Z. phys. Chem., 4, 462.
3. Windaus, A., 1932, Hoppe-Seylers Z. physiol. Chem., 213, 147.
4. Gattermann, L., and Ritschke, A., 1890, Ber. dt. chem. Ges., 23, 1738.
5. Voriander, D., 1908, Kristallinisch-flussige Substanzen (Enke Verlag).
6. Meyer, F., and Dahlem, K., 1903, Justus Liebigs Annin Chem., 326, 331.
7. Vorlander, D., 1924, Chemische Kristallographie der Fiissigkeiten (Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft).
8. Cotier, M. A., 1977, J. chem. Phys., 67, 1098.
9. Cotter, M. A., 1983, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 309, 127.
10. Gelbart, W. M., 1982, J. phys. Chem., 86, 4298.
11. Demus, D., Hauser, A., Selbmann, C., and Weissflog, W., 1984, Crystal Res. Technol., 19, 271.
12. Hauser, A., and Demus, D„ 1988, Wiss. Z. Univ. Halle XXXVII'88 M, H.3, 137.
13. Demus, D., and Hauser, A., 1988, Selected Topics in Liquid Crystals Research (Akademie Verlag).
14. Demus, D., 1986, Z. Chem., 26, 6.
15. Demus, D., 1988, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 165, 45.
16. Dunmur, D. A., and Miller, W. H., 1979, J. Phys., Paris, 40, C3-141.
17. Pineda, A. C., Jones, T. J., and van Hecke, G. R., 1984, Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids, Vol. 4, edited by A. C. Griffin and J. F. Johnson (Plenum Press), p. 265.
18. Goossens, W. J. A, 1985, J. Phys., Paris, 46, 1411.
19. Kast, W. 1960, Landolt-Bdrnstein, Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik, 6. Aufl., 2. Bd, Teil 2a, (Springer-Verlag), p. 266.
20. Demus, D., Demus, H., and Zaschke, H., 1974, Fliissige Kristalle in Tabellen (Deutscher Verlag Fur Grundstoffindustrie).
21. Demus, D., and Zaschke, FT, 1984, Fliissige Kristalle in Tabellen II (Deutscher Verlag fur Grundstoffindustrie).
22. Chandrasekhar, S., Sadashiva, B. K., and Suresh, K. A., 1977, Pramana, 9, 471.
23. Gray, G. W., and Winsor, P. A., 1974, Liquid Crystals and Plastic Crystals, 2 vols. (Flalstead).
24. Mahler, W., Guillon, D., and Skoulios, A., 1985, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals Lett., 2, 111.
25. Elser, W., Pohlmann, J. L. W., and Boyd, P. R., 1974, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 27, 325.
26. Gray, G. W., 1975, J. Phys., Paris, 36, 33l-337.
27. Nguyen, T. H., Destrade, C., and Gasparoux, H., 1987, Fifth European Winter Liquid Crystal Conference on Layered and Columnar Mesomorphic Systems, Borovets, Bulgaria, Abstract All.
28. Kogler, G., Drotloff, H., and Moller, M., 1987, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 153,179.
29. Drotloff, H., Rotter, H., Emeis, D., and Moller, M., 1987, J. Am. chem. Soc., 109, 7797.
30. Ringsdorf, H., Schlarb, B., and Venzmer, J., 1988, Angew. Chem., 100, 117.
31. Balmbra, R. R., Clunie, J. S., and Goodman, J. F., 1965, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 285, 534.
32. Lindau, J., Hillmann, W., Dorfler, H.-D., and Sackmann, H., 1986, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 133, 259.
33. Hauser, A., Rettig, R., Kuschel, F., and Demus, D., 1986, Wiss. Z. Univ. Halle XXXV'86 M, H.5, p. 72.
34. Kunitake, T., Kimizuka, N., Higashi, N., and Nakashima, N., 1984, J. Am. chem. Soc., 106, 1978.
35. Nguyen, H. T., Malthete, J., and Destrade, C., 1985, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals Lett., 2, 133.
36. Weissflog, W., Diele, S., and Demus, D., 1986, Mater. Chem. Phys., 15, 475.
37. McDonnel, D. G., Raynes, E. P., and Smith, R. A., 1985, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 123, 123.
38. Gray, G. W., 1985, Proceedings of the 6th Liquid Crystals Conference of Socialist Countries, Halle, 1985, edited by H. Sackmann (Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Wissenschaft. Beitrage 1986/52 (N17)), p. 22.
39. Kelly, S. M., Schad, H., 1984, Helv. chim. Acta, 67, 1580.
40. Levelut, A. M., Malthete, J., Destrade, C., and Nguyen, T. H., 1987, Liq. Crystals, 2, 877.
41. Nguyen, H. T., Destrade, C., Levelut, A. M., and Malthete, J., 1986, J. Phys. Paris, 47, 553.
42. Malthete, J., Liebert, L., Levelut, A. M., and Galerne, Y., 1986, C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. II, 303, 1073.
43. Lin, C., and Ringsdorf, H., 1988, see Poster PO 62 of this conference.
44. Destrade, C., Nguyen, H. T., Roubineau, A., and Levelut, A. M., 1988, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 159, 163.
45. Malthete, J., Levelut, A. M., and Nguyen, H. T., 1985, J. Phys. Lett., Paris, 46, 870-875.
46. Guillon, D., Skoulios, A., and Malthete, J., 1987, Europhys. Lett., 3, 67.
47. Weissflog, W., Pelzl, G., Kresse, H., and Demus, D., 1988, Crystal Res. Technol., 23, 1259.
48. Hinov, H. P., and Vistin, L. K., 1979, J. Phys., Paris, 40, 269.
49. Malthete, J., Canceill, J., Gabard, J., and Jacques, J., 1981, Tetrahedron, 37, 2823.
50. Malthete, J., Billard, J., Canceill, J., Gabard, J., and Jacques, J. 1976, J. Phys., Paris, 37, C3-1.
51. Weissflog, W., Wiegeleben, A., Diele, S., and Demus, D., 1984, Crystal Res. Technol., 19, 583.
52. Kresse, H., Rabenstein, P., Stettin, H., Diele, S., Demus, D., and Weissflog, W., 1988, Crystal Res. Technol., 23, 135.
53. Kresse, H., and Rabenstein, P., 1987, Phys. stat. sol. (a), 100, 83.
54. Kresse, H., Weissflog, W., Nagabushan, C., and Shashidhar, R., 1987, Phys. stat. sol. (a), 101, 77.
55. Kitaigorodski, A. I., 1979, Molekiilkristalle (Akademie Verlag).
56. Diele, S., Manke, S., Weissflog, W and Demus, D., 1989, Liq. Crystals, 4, 301.
57. Pelzl, G., Humke, A., Diele, S., Demus, D., and Weissflog, W., 1989, Liq. Crystals(submitted).
58. Demus, D., Diele, S., Grande, H., and Sackmann, H., 1983, Adv. Liq. Crystals, 6, 1.
59. Diele, S., Pelzl, G., Weissflog, W., and Demus, D., 1988, Liq. Crystals, 3, 1047.
60. De Vries, A., 1970, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 10, 219.
61. Weissflog, W., and Demus, D., 1983, Crystal Res. Technol., 18, 21;
62. Weissflog, W., Wiegeleben, A., and Demus, D., 1985, Mater. Chem. Phys., 12, 461.
63. Demus, D., Hauser, A., Isenberg, A., Pohl, M., Selbmann, C., Weissflog, W., and Wieczorek, S., 1985, Crystal Res. Technol., 20, 1413.
64. Demus, D., Diele, S., Hauser, A., Latif, I., Selbmann, C., and Weissflog, W., 1985, Crystal Res. Technol., 20, 1547.
65. Kresse, H., Keil, W., and Weissflog, W., 1983, Crystal Res. Technol., 18, 563.
66. Grande, S., and Singh, H. K., (unpublished)
67. Singh, H. K., 1986, Dissertation, Leipzig.
68. Weissflog, W., and Demus, D., 1985, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 129, 235.
69. Stern, R., Ballauff, M., and Wegner, G., 1988, Private communication;
70. Cox, R., Volksen, W and Dawson, B. L., 1984, Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids, Vol. 4, edited by A. Griffin and J. F. Johnson (Plenum), p. 33.
71. Berg, S., Krone, V., and Ringsdorf, H., 1987, Poster at the International Conference on Liquid Crystal Polymers, Bordeaux, 20-24 July 1987.
72. Weissflog, W., and Demus, D., 1988, Liq. Crystals, 3, 275.
73. Kelker, H., and Hatz, R., 1980, Handbook of Liquid Crystals (Verlag Chemie).
74. Gordon, M., and Plate, N. A. (editors), 1984, Liquid Crystal Polymers Vols. I-III (Adv. Polym. Sci., 59/60-61).
75. Blumstein, A., (editor), 1985, Polymer Liquid Crystals (Plenum).
76. Finkelmann, H., 1987, Angew. Chem., 99, 840;
77. Finkelmann, H., 1987, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 26, 816.
78. Weissflog, W., Schlick, R., and Demus, D., 1981, Z. Chem., 21, 453.
79. Mauerhoff, E., 1922, Dissertation, Halle.
80. Kuhrmann, C., 1926, Dissertation, Halle.
81. Demus, D., Pelzl, G and Wedler, W., 1987, Proceedings of 'Eurodisplay 87’, London, p. 71.
82. Diele, S., Oelsner, S., Kuschel, F., Hisgen, B., Ringsdorf, H., and Zentel, R., 1987, Makromol. Chem., 188, 1993.
83. Endres, B. W., Wendorff, J. H., Reck, B., and Ringsdorf, H., 1987, Makromolek. Chem., 188, 1501.
84. Reck, B., and Ringsdorf, H., 1985, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 6, 291.
85. Malthete, J., Billard, J., and Jacques, J., 1975, C. r. Hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, 281, 333.
86. Kelker, H., and Scheurle, B., 1969, Molec. Crystals, 7, 381.
87. Leister, K., 1922, Dissertation, Halle.
88. Vorlander, D., and Apel, A., 1932, Chem. Ber., 65, 1101.
89. Malthete, J., 1983, C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, Ser. II, 296, 435.
90. Barbera, J., Espinet, P., Lalindes, E., Marcos, M., and Serrano, J. L., 1987, Liq. Crystals, 2, 833.
91. De Jeu, W. H., Longa, L., and Demus, D., 1986, J. chem. Phys., 84, 6410.
92. Giroud-Godquin, A. M., and Billard, J., 1981, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 66, 147.
93. Veber, M., Fugnitto, R., and Strzelecka, H., 1983, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 96, 221.
94. Griffin, A. C., Thames, S. F., and Bonner, M. S., 1977, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals Lett., 43, 135.
95. Griffin, A. C., Buckley, N. W., Hughes, D. L., and Wertz, D. L., 1981, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals Lett., 64, 139.
96. Dehne, H., Roger, A., Demus, D., Diele, S., Kresse, H., Pelzl, G., Wedler, W., and Weissflog, W., 1989, Liq. Crystals (to be published).
97. Weissflog, W., Diele, S., Nitschke, P., Wedler, W., and Demus, D., 1989, Liq. Crystals, 5. LC 8-8/059C.
98. Creed, D., Gross, J. R. D., Sullivan, S. L., Griffin, A. C., and Hoyle, C. E., 1987, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 149, 185.
99. Vorlander, D., 1927, Z. phys. Chem. A, 126, 449.
100. Adams, H., Bailey, N. A., Bruce, D. W., Dunmur, D. A., Lalinde, E., Marcos, M., Ridgeway, C., Smith, A. J., Styring, P., and Maitlis, P. M., 1987, Liq. Crystals, 2, 381.
101. Abied, H., Guillon, D., Skoulios, A., Weber, P., Giroud-Godquin, A. M., and Marchon, J. C., 1987, Liq. Crystals, 2, 269.
102. Kohne, B., Praefcke, K., and Billard, J., 1986, Z. Naturf. 41b, 1036.
103. Volino, F., and Dianoux, A. J., 1978, Annin Phys. (Paris), 3, 151.
104. Matsunaga, Y., Nakayasu, Y., Sakai, S., and Yonenaga, M., 1986, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 141, 327.
105. Guillon, D., Skoulios, A., Piechocki, C., Simon, J., and Weber, P., 1983, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 100, 275.
106. Fugnitto, R., Strzelecka, H., Zann, A., Dubois, J. C., and Billard, J., 1980, J. chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 271.
107. Billard, J., and Sadashiva, B. K., 1979, Pramana, 13, 309.
108. Billard, J., Dubois, J. C., Vaucher, C., and Levelut, A. M., 1981, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 66, 115.
109. Zimmermann, H., Poupko, R., Luz, Z., and Billard, J., 1985, Z. Naturf., 40a, 149.
110. Piechocki, C., Boulou, J.-C., and Simon, J., 1987, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 149, 115.
111. Malthete, J., and Collet, A., 1985, Now. J. Chim., 9, 151.
112. Levelut, A. M., Malthete, J., and Collet, A., 1986, J. Phys., Paris, 47, 351.
113. Lillya, C. P., and Murthy, Y. L. N., 1985, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals Lett., 2, 121.
114. Kreuder, W., Ringsdorf, H., Herrmann-Schonherr, O., and Wendorff, J. H., 1987, Angew. Chem., 99, 1300;
115. Kreuder, W., Ringsdorf, H., Herrmann-Schonherr, O., and Wendorff, J. H., 1987, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 26, 1249.
116. Ringsdorf, H., Tschirner, P., Herrmann-Schonherr, O., and Wendorff, J. H., 1987, Makromolek. Chem., 188, 1431.
117. Kreuder, W., Ringsdorf, H., and Tschirner, P., 1985, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 6, 367.
118. Wenz, G., 1985, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 6, 577.
119. Nagabushana, C., Ratna, B. R., Shashidhar, R., Chandrasekhar, S., Kresse, H., and Weissflog, W., 1988, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals Lett., 5, 87.
120. Kreuder, W., and Ringsdorf, H., 1983, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 4, 807.
121. Ballauff, M., and Schmidt, G. F., 1987, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 8, 93.
122. Ballauff, M., 1986, Macromolecules, 19, 1366;
123. Berg, S., Krone, V., and Ringsdorf, H., 1986, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 7, 381.
124. Reck, B and Ringsdorf, H., 1985, Makromolek. Chem. rap. Commun., 6, 291; 1986
125. Jeffrey, G. A., 1986, Accts chem. Res., 19, 168.
126. Eckert, A., Kohne, B., and Praefcke, K., 1988, Z. Naturf, 43b, 878.
127. Hogan, J. L., Imrie, C. T., and Luckhurst, G. R., 1988, Liq. Crystals, 3, 645.
128. Lin, C., Ringsdorf, H., Kleppinger, R., Ebert, M., and Wendorff, J. H., 1988, 12th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Freiburg, Abstract P062, p. 174.
129. Spegt, P. A., and Skoulios, A. E., 1964, Acta Crystallogr., 17, 198.
130. Urban, R., 1923, Dissertation, Halle.
131. Hessel, F., and Finkelmann, H., 1986, Polym. Bull. (Berlin), 15, 349.
132. Bunning, J. D., Goodby, J. W., Gray, G. W., and Lydon, J. E., 1980, Liquid Crystals of One- and Two-Dimensional Order, edited by W. Helfrich and G. Heppke (Springer), p. 397.
133. Chandrasekhar, S., Ratna, B. R., Sadashiva, B. K., and Raja, V. N., 1988, lecture SY 09 of the 12th International Liquid Crystal Conference, Freiburg, Abstracts, p. 59.
134. Savithramma, K. L., and Madhusudana, N. V., 1981, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 74, 243.
135. Singh, K., Singh, U. P., and Singh, S., 1988, Liq. Crystals, 3, 617.
136. Ballauff, M., 1987, Liq. Crystals, 2, 519.
137. Diele, S., and Demus, D., 1987, Seventh Liquid Crystal Conference of Socialist Countries, Paradubice, Abstract A 9.
138. Guillon, D., Poeti, G., and Skoulios, A., 1983, J. Phys. Lett., Paris, 44, 491.
139. Lin Lei, 1982, Wuli, 11, 171.
140. Petrov, A., and Derzhanski, A., 1987, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 151, 303.
141. Wolf, M., and Wendorff, J. H., 1987, Molec. Crystals liq. Crystals, 149, 141.
142. Brostow, W., 1988, Kunststoffe, 78, 411.
143. Shibaev, V. P., and Plate, N. A., 1977, Vysokomolek. Soedin. A, 19, 923.
144. Tumanyan, N. P., and Sokolova, E. P., 1984, Zh.fiz. Khim., 58, 2444.
145. Irvine, P. A., Wu, D. C., and Flory, P. J., 1984, J. chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1,80,1795.
146. Finkelmann, H., 1983, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 309, 105.