Trends in post-disturbance recovery rates of Canada's forests following wildfire and harvest

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 361, Issue , 2016, Pages 194-207

  Bartels, Samuel F ^a,c   Chen, Han Y H ^a   Wulder, Michael A ^b   White, Joanne C ^b  

^a LAKEHEAD UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Boreal; Canada; Disturbance; Forest; Landsat; Recovery; Regeneration; Remote sensing

Indexed keywords

ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; FIRES; HARVESTING; MINERAL RESOURCES; RECOVERY; REFORESTATION; REMOTE SENSING;

BOREAL; CANADA; DISTURBANCE; FOREST; LANDSAT; REGENERATION;

FORESTRY;

BENCHMARKING; BIOME; BOREAL FOREST; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION; FORESTRY PRODUCTION; LANDSAT; REGENERATION; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE DATA; TIMBER HARVESTING; WILDFIRE;

CANADA;

EID: 84947583152     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.015     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Amiro B.D., Chen J.M., Liu J. Net primary productivity following forest fire for Canadian ecoregions. Can. J. For. Res. 2000, 30:939-947.
2. Anderson-Teixeira K.J., Miller A.D., Mohan J.E., Hudiburg T.W., Duval B.D., DeLucia E.H. Altered dynamics of forest recovery under a changing climate. Glob. Change Biol. 2013, 19:2001-2021.
3. Andrew M.E., Wulder M.A., Coops N.C. Identification of de facto protected areas in boreal Canada. Biol. Conserv. 2012, 146:97-107.
4. Archambault L., Morissette J., Bernier-Cardou M. Forest succession over a 20-year period following clearcutting in balsam fir yellow birch ecosystems of eastern Quebec, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 1998, 102:61-74.
5. Belleau A., Leduc A., Lecomte N., Bergeron Y. Forest succession rate and pathways on different surface deposit types in the boreal forest of northwestern Quebec. Ecoscience 2011, 18:329-340.
6. Bergeron Y. Species and stand dynamics in the mixed woods of Quebec's southern boreal forest. Ecology 2000, 81:1500-1516.
7. Bergeron Y., Dansereau P.R. Predicting the composition of Canadian southern boreal forest in different fire cycles. J. Veg. Sci. 1993, 4:827-832.
8. Bergeron Y., Dubuc M. Succession in the southern part of the Canadian boreal forest. Vegetatio 1989, 79:51-63.
9. Bergeron Y., Flannigan M., Gauthier S., Leduc A., Lefort P. Past, current and future fire frequency in the Canadian boreal forest: implications for sustainable forest management. Ambio 2004, 33:356-360.
10. Bergeron Y., Gauthier S., Kafka V., Lefort P., Lesieur D. Natural fire frequency for the eastern Canadian boreal forest: consequences for sustainable forestry. Can. J. For. Res. 2001, 31:384-391.
11. Black R.A., Bliss L.C. Recovery sequence of Picea mariana-Vaccinium uliginosum forests after burning near Inuvik, Northwest-Territories, Canada. Can. J. Bot. 1978, 56:2020-2030.
12. Bolton D.K., Coops N.C., Wulder M.A. Characterizing residual structure and forest recovery following high-severity fire in the western boreal of Canada using Landsat time-series and airborne lidar data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2015.
13. Boucher Y., Arseneault D., Sirois L., Blais L. Logging pattern and landscape changes over the last century at the boreal and deciduous forest transition in Eastern Canada. Landscape Ecol. 2009, 24:171-184.
14. Brandt J.P., Flannigan M.D., Maynard D.G., Thompson I.D., Volney W.J.A. An introduction to Canada's boreal zone: ecosystem processes, health, sustainability, and environmental issues. Environ. Rev. 2013, 21:207-226.
15. Brassard B.W., Chen H.Y.H., Wang J.R., Duinker P.N. Effects of time since stand-replacing fire and overstory composition on live-tree structural diversity in the boreal forest of central Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 2008, 38:52-62.
16. Brown C.D., Johnstone J.F. Once burned, twice shy: repeat fires reduce seed availability and alter substrate constraints on Picea mariana regeneration. For. Ecol. Manage. 2012, 266:34-41.
17. Buma B. Evaluating the utility and seasonality of NDVI values for assessing post-disturbance recovery in a subalpine forest. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2012, 184:3849-3860.
18. Burley S., Robinson S.L., Lundholm J.T. Post-hurricane vegetation recovery in an urban forest. Landscape Urban Plan. 2008, 85:111-122.
19. Burton P.J., Messier C., Adamowicz W.L., Kuuluvainen T. Sustainable management of Canada's boreal forests: progress and prospects. Ecoscience 2006, 13:234-248.
20. Carleton T.J., MacLellan P. Woody vegetation responses to fire versus clear-cutting logging: a comparative survey in the central Canadian boreal forest. Ecoscience 1994, 1:141-152.
21. Certini G. Effects of wildfires on properties of forest soils: a review. Oecologica 2005, 143:1-10.
22. Chazdon R.L. Tropical forest recovery: legacies of human impact and natural disturbances. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 2003, 6:51-71.
23. Chen H.Y.H., Popadiouk R.V. Dynamics of North American boreal mixedwoods. Environ. Rev. 2002, 10:137-166.
24. Chen H.Y.H., Taylor A.R. A test of ecological succession hypotheses using 55-year time-series data for 361 boreal forest stands. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 2012, 21:441-454.
25. Chen H.Y.H., Vasiliauskas S., Kayahara G.J., Ilisson T. Wildfire promotes broadleaves and species mixture in boreal forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 2009, 257:343-350.
26. Chen W, Moriya K., Sakai T., Koyama L., Cao C. Monitoring of post-fire forest recovery under different restoration modes based on time series Landsat data. Eur. J. Remote Sens. 2014, 47:153-168.
27. Chu T.A., Guo X.L. Remote sensing techniques in monitoring post-fire wildfire effects and patterns of forest recovery in boreal forest regions: a review. Remote Sensing 2014, 6:470-520.
28. Clark D.B. The role of disturbance in the regeneration of neotropical moist forests. Reprod. Ecol. Trop. For. Plants 1990, 7:291-315.
29. Cogbill C.V. Dynamics of the boreal forests of the Laurentian highlands, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 1985, 15:252-261.
30. Cohen W.B., Goward S.N. Landsat's role in ecological applications of remote sensing. Bioscience 2004, 54:535-545.
31. Cole L.E.S., Bhagwat S.A., Willis K.J. Recovery and resilience of tropical forests after disturbance. Nat. Commun. 2014, 5.
32. Drever C., Person G., Messier C., Bergeron Y., Flannigan M. Can forest management based on natural disturbances maintain ecological resilience?. Can. J. Forest Res. 2006, 36:2285-2299.
33. Environment Canada, 2006. National Inventory Report 1990-2005: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada. Environment Canada, Gatineau, QC.
34. FAO, 2010. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010: Main Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
35. Fleming R.L., Leblanc J.D., Hazlett P.W., Weldon T., Irwin R., Mossa D.S. Effects of biomass harvest intensity and soil disturbance on jack pine stand productivity: 15-year results. Can. J. For. Res. 2014, 44:1566-1574.
36. Foster D.R., Knight D.H., Franklin J.F. Landscape patterns and legacies resulting from large, infrequent forest disturbances. Ecosystems 1998, 1:497-510.
37. Franklin, J.F., Mitchell, R.J., Palik, B., 2007. Natural Disturbance and Stand Development Principles for Ecological Forestry.
38. Franklin J.F., Spies T.A., Van Pelt R., Carey A.B., Thornburgh D.A., Berg D.R., Lindenmayer D.B., Harmon M.E., Keeton W.S., Shaw D.C., Bible K., Chen J.Q. Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example. For. Ecol. Manage. 2002, 155:399-423.
39. Frazier R.J., Coops N.C., Wulder M.A. Boreal shield forest disturbance and recovery trends using Landsat time series. Remote Sens. Environ. 2015, 170:317-327.
40. Frolking S., Palace M.W., Clark D.B., Chambers J.Q., Shugart H.H., Hurtt G.C. Forest disturbance and recovery: a general review in the context of spaceborne remote sensing of impacts on aboveground biomass and canopy structure. J. Geophys. Res. - Biogeosci. 2009, 114.
41. Galipeau C., Kneeshaw D., Bergeron Y. White spruce and balsam fir colonisation of a site in the southeastern boreal forest as observed 68years after fire. Can. J. For. Res. 1997, 27:139-147.
42. Gartner S.M., Bokalo M., Macdonald S.E., Stadt K. Variation in post-wildfire regeneration of boreal mixedwood forests: underlying factors and implications for natural disturbance-based management. New Forest. 2014, 45:215-234.
43. Girard F., De Grandpre L., Ruel J.C. Partial windthrow as a driving process of forest dynamics in old-growth boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 2014, 44:1165-1176.
44. Goetz S.J., Fiske G.J., Bunn A.G. Using satellite time-series data sets to analyze fire disturbance and forest recovery across Canada. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 101:352-365.
45. Gradowski T., Lieffers V.J., Landhausser S.M., Sidders D., Volney J., Spence J.R. Regeneration of Populus nine years after variable retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forests. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2010, 259:383-389.
46. Greene D., Zasada J.C., Sirois L., Kneeshaw D., Morin H., Charron I., Simard M.-J. A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species. Can. J. For. Res. 1999, 29:824-839.
47. Gutsell S.L., Johnson E.A. Accurately ageing trees and examining their height-growth rates: implications for interpreting forest dynamics. J. Ecol. 2002, 90:153-166.
48. Harper K.A., Bergeron Y., Drapeau P., Gauthier S., De Grandpre L. Structural development following fire in black spruce boreal forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 2005, 206:293-306.
49. Hermosilla T., Wulder M.A., White J.C., Coops N.C., Hobart G.W. An integrated Landsat time series protocol for change detection and generation of annual gap-free surface reflectance composites. Remote Sens. Environ. 2015, 158:220-234.
50. Hicke J.A., Asner G.P., Kasischke E.S., French N.H.F., Randerson J.T., Collatz G.J., Stocks B.J., Tucker C.J., Los S.O., Field C.B. Postfire response of North American boreal forest net primary productivity analyzed with satellite observations. Glob. Change Biol. 2003, 9:1145-1157.
51. Hogg E.H., Wein R.W. Impacts of drought on forest growth and regeneration following fire in southwestern Yukon, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:2141-2150.
52. Huete A.R. Vegetation indices, remote sensing and forest monitoring. Geogr. Compass 2012, 6:513-522.
53. Ilisson T., Chen H.Y.H. The direct regeneration hypothesis in northern forests. J. Veg. Sci. 2009, 20:735-744.
54. Ilisson T., Chen H.Y.H. Response of six boreal tree species to stand replacing fire and clearcutting. Ecosystems 2009, 12:820-829.
55. Ireland G., Petropoulos G.P. Exploring the relationships between post-fire vegetation regeneration dynamics, topography and burn severity: a case study from the Montane Cordillera Ecozones of Western Canada. Appl. Geogr. 2015, 56:232-248.
56. Johnson E.A. Fire and Vegetation Dynamics: Studies from the North American Boreal Forest 1996, Cambridge University Press.
57. Johnstone J.F., Chapin F.S., Foote J., Kemmett S., Price K., Viereck L. Decadal observations of tree regeneration following fire in boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 2004, 34:267-273.
58. Johnstone J.F., Kasischke E.S. Stand-level effects of soil burn severity on postfire regeneration in a recently burned black spruce forest. Can. J. For. Res. 2005, 35:2151-2163.
59. Jones H.P., Schmitz O.J. Rapid recovery of damaged ecosystems. PLoS ONE 2009, 4.
60. Jones M.O., Kimball J.S., Jones L.A. Satellite microwave detection of boreal forest recovery from the extreme 2004 wildfires in Alaska and Canada. Glob. Change Biol. 2013, 19:3111-3122.
61. Kennedy R.E., Cohen W.B., Schroeder T.A. Trajectory-based change detection for automated characterization of forest disturbance dynamics. Remote Sens. Environ. 2007, 110:370-386.
62. Kennedy R.E., Yang Z., Cohen W.B. Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 1. LandTrendr-temporal segmentation algorithms. Remote Sens. Environ. 2010, 114:2897-2910.
63. Kennedy R.E., Andrefouet S., Cohen W.B., Gomez C., Griffiths P., Hais M., Healey S.P., Helmer E.H., Hostert P., Lyons M.B., Meigs G.W., Pflugmacher D., Phinn S.R., Powell S.L., Scarth P., Sen S., Schroeder T.A., Schneider A., Sonnenschein R., Vogelmann J.E., Wulder M.A., Zhu Z. Brining an ecological view of change to Landsat-based remote sensing. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2014, 12:339-346.
64. Kneeshaw D.D., Bergeron Y. Canopy gap characteristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest. Ecology 1998, 79:783-794.
65. Kneeshaw D.D., Harvey B.D., Reyes G.P., Caron M.N., Barlow S. Spruce budworm, windthrow and partial cutting: do different partial disturbances produce different forest structures?. For. Ecol. Manage. 2011, 262:482-490.
66. Kreyling J., Schmiedinger A., Macdonald E., Beierkuhnlein C. Potentials of natural tree regeneration after clearcutting in subalpine forests. West. J. Appl. Forest. 2008, 23:46-52.
67. Kreyling J., Schmiedinger A., Macdonald E., Beierkuhnlein C. Slow understory redevelopment after clearcutting in high mountain forests. Biodivers. Conserv. 2008, 17:2339-2355.
68. Lavoie L., Sirois L. Vegetation changes caused by recent fires in the northern boreal forest of eastern Canada. J. Veg. Sci. 1998, 9:483-492.
69. Leckie D.G., Paradine D., Kurz W.A., Magnussen S. Deforestation mapping sampling designs for Canadian landscapes. Can. J. Forest Res. 2015, 45:1564-1576.
70. LePage P., Banner A. Long-term recovery of forest structure and composition after harvesting in the coastal temperate rainforests of northern British Columbia. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2014, 318:250-260.
71. Luo Y., Chen H.Y.H. Competition, species interaction and ageing control tree mortality in boreal forests. J. Ecol. 2011, 99:1470-1480.
72. Luo Y., Chen H.Y.H. Observations from old forests underestimate climate change effects on tree mortality. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4:1965.
73. Mansuy N., Gauthier S., Robitaille A., Bergeron Y. Regional patterns of postfire canopy recovery in the northern boreal forest of Quebec: interactions between surficial deposit, climate, and fire cycle. Can. J. For. Res. 2012, 42:1328-1343.
74. Masek J.G., Cohen W.B., Leckie D., Wulder M.A., Vargas R., de Jong B., Healey S., Law B., Birdsey R., Houghton R.A., Mildrexler D., Goward S., Smith W.B. Recent rates of forest harvest and conversion in North America. J. Geophys. Res. - Biogeosci. 2011, 116.
75. Muir P.S., Lotan J.E. Disturbance history and serotiny of Pinus contorta in western Montana. Ecology 1985, 1658-1668.
76. Natural Resources Canada, 2008. Deforestation in Canada - what are the facts? Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa, p. 2. Available online:. http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/28159.pdf.
77. Oliver C.D., Larson B.C. Forest Stand Dynamics 1996, Wiley, New York.
78. Payette, S., 1992. Fire as a controlling process in the North American boreal forest. In: A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest, pp. 144-169.
79. Payette S., Delwaide A. Shift of conifer boreal forest to lichen-heath parkland caused by successive stand disturbances. Ecosystems 2003, 6:540-550.
80. 2O fluxes in an aspen-dominated western boreal plains forest: early chronosequence recovery. Can. J. For. Res. 2015, 45:87-100.
81. Price D.T., Alfaro R.I., Brown K.J., Flannigan M.D., Fleming R.A., Hogg E.H., Girardin M.P., Lakusta T., Johnston M., McKenney D.W., Pedlar J.H., Stratton T., Sturrock R.N., Thompson I.D., Trofymow J.A., Venier L.A. Anticipating the consequences of climate change for Canada's boreal forest ecosystems. Environ. Rev. 2013, 21:322-365.
82. R Development Core Team, 2013. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
83. Reyes G.P., Kneeshaw D. Moderate-severity disturbance dynamics in Abies balsamea-Betula spp. forests: the relative importance of disturbance type and local stand and site characteristics on woody vegetation response. Ecoscience 2008, 15:241-249.
84. Rich R.L., Frelich L.E., Reich P.B. Wind-throw mortality in the southern boreal forest: effects of species, diameter and stand age. J. Ecol. 2007, 95:1261-1273.
85. Royama T., MacKinnon W.E., Kettela E.G., Carter N.E., Hartling L.K. Analysis of spruce budworm outbreak cycles in New Brunswick, Canada, since 1952. Ecology 2005, 86:1212-1224.
86. Schroeder T.A., Wulder M.A., Healey S.P., Moisen G.G. Mapping wildfire and clearcut harvest disturbances in boreal forests with Landsat time series data. Remote Sens. Environ. 2011, 115:1421-1433.
87. Sever L., Leach J., Bren L. Remote sensing of post-fire vegetation recovery; a study using Landsat 5 TM imagery and NDVI in North-East Victoria. J. Spatial Sci. 2012, 57:175-191.
88. Sirois L., Payette S. Postfire black spruce establishment in subarctic and boreal Quebec. Can. J. For. Res. 1989, 19:1571-1580.
89. Spence C.E., MacLean D.A. Regeneration and stand development following a spruce budworm outbreak, spruce budworm inspired harvest, and salvage harvest. Can. J. For. Res. 2012, 42:1759-1770.
90. Stocks B.J., Mason J.A., Todd J.B., Bosch E.M., Wotton B.M., Amiro B.D., Flannigan M.D., Hirsch K.G., Logan K.A., Martell D.L., Skinner W.R. Large forest fires in Canada, 1959-1997. J. Geophys. Res. - Atmos. 2002, 108.
91. Sturtevant B.R., Miranda B.R., Wolter P.T., James P.M.A., Fortin M.J., Townsend P.A. Forest recovery patterns in response to divergent disturbance regimes in the Border Lakes region of Minnesota (USA) and Ontario (Canada). For. Ecol. Manage. 2014, 313:199-211.
92. Taylor A.R., Chen H.Y.H. Multiple successional pathways of boreal forest stands in central Canada. Ecography 2011, 34:208-219.
93. Timoney K.P., Peterson G. Failure of natural regeneration after clearcut logging in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada. For. Ecol. Manage. 1996, 87:89-105.
94. Turner M.G., Baker W.L., Peterson C.J., Peet R.K. Factors influencing succession: lessons from large, infrequent natural disturbances. Ecosystems 1998, 1:511-523.
95. Veilleux-Nolin M., Payette S. Influence of recent fire season and severity on black spruce regeneration in spruce-moss forests of Quebec, Canada. Can. J. For. Res. 2012, 42:1316-1327.
96. White, P.S., Pickett, S.T., 1985. Natural disturbance and patch dynamics: an introduction. In: The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, pp. 3-13.
97. Wulder M.A., Masek J.G., Cohen W.B., Loveland T.R., Woodcock C.E. Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 122:2-10.
98. Wulder M.A., White J.C., Bater C.W., Coops N.C., Hopkinson C., Chen G. Lidar plots-a new large-area data collection option: context, concepts and case study. Can. J. Remote Sens. 2012, 38:600-618.