Characterization of Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent datasets, 1981-2010

Journal of Climate

Volumn 28, Issue 20, 2015, Pages 8037-8051

  Mudryk, L R ^a   Derksen, C ^b   Kushner, P J ^a   Brown, R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^c Ouranos ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

Land surface; Land surface model; Reanalysis data; Satellite observations; Snow

Indexed keywords

EID: 84947559639     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0229.1     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Balsamo, G., A. Beljaars, and K. Scipal, 2009: A revised hydrology for the ECMWF model: Verification from field site to terrestrial water storage and impact in the Integrated Forecast System. J. Hydrometeor., 10, 623-643, doi:10.1175/2008JHM1068.1.
2. Balsamo, G., and Coauthors, 2015: ERA-Interim/Land: A global land surfaces reanalysis data set. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 19, 389-407, doi:10.5194/hess-19-389-2015.
3. Bonan, G. B., K. W. Oleson, M. Vertenstein, S. Levis, X. Zeng, Y. Dai, R. E. Dickinson, and Z.-L. Yang, 2002: The land surface climatology of the Community Land Model coupled to the NCAR Community Climate Model. J. Climate, 15, 3123-3149, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<3123:TLSCOT>2.0.CO;2.
4. Brasnett, B., 1999: A global analysis of snow depth for numerical weather prediction. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 726-740, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0726:AGAOSD>2.0.CO;2.
5. Brown, R. D., and P. W. Mote, 2009: The response of Northern Hemisphere snow cover to a changing climate. J. Climate, 22, 2124-2145, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2665.1.
6. Brown, R. D., and B. Brasnett, 2010: Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) Daily Snow Depth Analysis Data. National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center, Boulder, CO, doi:10.5067/W9FOYWH0EQZ3.
7. Brown, R. D., and C. Derksen, 2013: Is Eurasian October snow cover extent increasing? Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 024006, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024006.
8. Brown, R. D., C. Derksen, and L. Wang, 2010: A multi-data set analysis of variability and change in Arctic spring snow cover extent, 1967-2008. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D16111, doi:10.1029/2010JD013975.
9. Brun, E., P. David, M. Sudul, and G. Brunot, 1992: A numericalmodel to simulate snow-cover stratigraphy for operational avalanche forecasting. J. Glaciol., 38, 13-22.
10. Brun, E., V. Vionnet, A. Boone, B. Decharme, Y. Peings, R. Valette, F. Karbou, and S. Morin, 2013: Simulation of northern Eurasian local snow depth, mass, and density using a detailed snowpack model and meteorological reanalyses. J. Hydrometeor., 14, 203-219, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-12-012.1.
11. Chen, F., and Coauthors, 1996: Modeling of land surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 7251-7268, doi:10.1029/95JD02165.
12. De Lannoy, G. J. M., R. H. Reichle, P. R. Houser, K. R. Arsenault, N. E. C. Verhoest, and V. R. N. Pauwels, 2010: Satellite-scale snow water equivalent assimilation into a high-resolution land surface model. J. Hydrometeor., 11, 352-369, doi:10.1175/2009JHM1192.1.
13. Derksen, C., and R. Brown, 2012: Spring snow cover extent reductions in the 2008-2012 period exceeding climate model projections. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19504, doi:10.1029/2012GL053387.
14. Drewitt, G., A. A. Berg, W. J. Merryfield, and W. Lee, 2012: Effect of realistic soil moisture initialization on the Canadian CanCM3 seasonal forecast model. Atmos.-Ocean, 50, 466-474, doi:10.1080/07055900.2012.722910.
15. Dutra, E., G. Balsamo, P. Viterbo, P. M. A. Miranda, A. Beljaars, C. Schär, and K. Elder, 2010: An improved snow scheme for the ECMWF land surface model: Description and offline validation. J. Hydrometeor., 11, 899-916, doi:10.1175/2010JHM1249.1.
16. Dutra, E., P. Viterbo, P. M. A. Miranda, and G. Balsamo, 2012: Complexity of snow schemes in a climate model and its impact on surface energy and hydrology. J. Hydrometeor., 13, 521-538, doi:10.1175/JHM-D-11-072.1.
17. Jeong, J., H. W. Linderholm, S. Woo, C. Folland, B. Kim, S. Kim, and D. Chen, 2013: Impacts of snow initialization on subseasonal forecasts of surface air temperature for the cold season. J. Climate, 26, 1956-1972, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00159.1.
18. Koren, V., J. Schaake, K. Mitchell, Q.-Y. Duan, F. Chen, and J. M. Baker, 1999: A parameterization of snowpack and frozen ground intended for NCEP weather and climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19 569-19 585, doi:10.1029/1999JD900232.
19. Koster, R. D., and M. J. Suarez, 1994: The components of a 'SVAT' scheme and their effects on a GCM's hydrological cycle. Adv. Water Resour., 17, 61-78, doi:10.1016/0309-1708(94)90024-8.
20. Koster, R. D., M. J. Suarez, A. Ducharne, M. Stieglitz, and P. Kumar, 2000: A catchment-based approach to modeling land surface processes in a general circulation model: 1. Model structure. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24 809-24 822, doi:10.1029/2000JD900327.
21. Koster, R. D., and Coauthors, 2010: Contribution of land surface initialization to subseasonal forecast skill: First results from a multimodelexperiment. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02402, doi:10.1029/2009GL041677.
22. Langlois, A., and Coauthors, 2009: Simulation of snow water equivalent (SWE) using thermodynamic snow models in Québec, Canada. J. Hydrometeor., 10, 1447-1463, doi:10.1175/2009JHM1154.1.
23. Liang, X., D. P. Lettenmaier, E. F. Wood, and S. J. Burges, 1994: A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14 415-14 428, doi:10.1029/94JD00483.
24. Mudryk, L. R., P. J. Kushner, and C. Derksen, 2014: Interpreting observed Northern Hemisphere snow trends with large ensembles of climate simulations. Climate Dyn., 43, 345-359, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1954-y.
25. NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, 1988: Data Announcement 88-MGG-02, Digital relief of the Surface of the Earth. NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO. [Available online at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo5.html.]
26. Orsolini, Y. J., R. Senan, G. Balsamo, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, F. Vitart, A. Weisheimer, A. Carrasco, and R.E. Benestad, 2013: Impact of snow initialization on sub-seasonal forecasts. Climate Dyn., 41, 1969-1982, doi:10.1007/s00382-013-1782-0.
27. Reichle, R. H., R. D. Koster, G. J. M. de Lannoy, B. A. Forman, Q. Liu, S. P. P. Mahanama, and A. Touré, 2011: Assessment and enhancement of MERRA land surface hydrology estimates. J. Climate, 24, 6322-6338, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05033.1.
28. Rienecker, M. M., and Coauthors, 2011: MERRA: NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate, 24, 3624-3648, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
29. Rodell, M., and H. K. Beaudoing, 2007a: GLDAS CLM Land Surface Model L4 3 Hourly 1.0 3 1.0 degree subsetted, version 001. Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), NASA/GSFC/HSL, accessed 5 August 2014, doi:10.5067/83NO2QDLG6M0.
30. Rodell, M., and H. K. Beaudoing, 2007b: GLDAS Mosaic Land Surface Model L4 3 Hourly 1.0 x 1.0 degree subsetted, version 001. Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), NASA/GSFC/HSL, accessed 5 August 2014, doi:10.5067/DLVU8VOPKN7L.
31. Rodell, M., and H. K. Beaudoing, 2007c: GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 Hourly 1.0 3 1.0 degree subsetted, version 001. Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), NASA/GSFC/HSL, accessed 10 January 2014, doi:10.5067/7J0CPW2PF9N9.
32. Rodell, M., and H. K. Beaudoing, 2007d: GLDAS VIC Land Surface Model L4 3 Hourly 1.0 3 1.0 degree, version 001. Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), NASA/GSFC/HSL, accessed 5 August 2014, doi:10.5067/Z7SA0KYUTBQS.
33. Rodell, M., and H. K. Beaudoing, 2013: GLDAS Noah Land Surface Model L4 3 Hourly 1.0 3 1.0 degree, version 2.0. Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC), NASA/GSFC/HSL, accessed 23 January 2014. [Available online at http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/GLDAS_NOAH10_3H_V020.shtml.]
34. Rodell, M., and Coauthors, 2004: The Global Land Data Assimilation System. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 381-394, doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381.
35. Rutter, N., and Coauthors, 2009: Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2). J. Geophys. Res., 114, D06111, doi:10.1029/2008JD011063.
36. Sheffield, J., G. Goteti, and E. F. Wood, 2006: Development of a 50-year high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcings for land surface modeling. J. Climate, 19, 3088-3111, doi:10.1175/JCLI3790.1.
37. Stieglitz, M., A. Ducharne, K. Koster, and M. Suarez, 2001: The impact of detailed snow physics on the simulation of snow cover and subsurface thermodynamics at continental scales. J. Hydrometeor., 2, 228-242, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0228:TIODSP>2.0.CO;2.
38. Sturm, M., J. Holmgren, and G. E. Liston, 1995: A seasonal snow cover classification system for local to global applications. J. Climate, 8, 1261-1283, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1995)008<1261:ASSCCS>2.0.CO;2.
39. Takala, M., K. Luojus, J. Pulliainen, C. Derksen, L. Lemmetyinen, J.-P. Kärnä, and J. Koskinen, 2011: Estimating Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent for climate research through assimilation of space-borne radiometer data and ground-based measurements. Remote Sens. Environ., 115, 3517-3529, doi:10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.014.
40. Tong, J., S. J. Déry, P. L. Jackson, and C. Derksen, 2010: Testing snow water equivalent retrieval algorithms for passive microwave remote sensing in an alpine watershed of western Canada. Can. J. Remote Sens., 36, S74-S86, doi:10.5589/m10-009.
41. Vaughan, D. G., and Coauthors, 2013: Observations: Cryosphere. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press, 317-382.
42. Wang, Z., X. Zeng, and M. Decker, 2010: Improving snow processes in the Noah land model. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D20108, doi:10.1029/2009JD013761.