Flood bench chronology and sediment source tracing in the upper Thina catchment, South Africa: the role of transformed landscape connectivity

Journal of Soils and Sediments

Volumn 15, Issue 12, 2015, Pages 2398-2411

  van der Waal, Bennie ^a   Rowntree, Kate ^a   Pulley, Simon ^a  

^a RHODES UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Contrasting lithologies; Floodplain cores; Mineral magnetic fingerprinting; Radionuclide dating; Sediment tracing; Umzimvubu catchment

Indexed keywords

CATCHMENT; CHRONOLOGY; FLOODPLAIN; HILLSLOPE; LITHOLOGY; RADIONUCLIDE; SEDIMENT CORE; SEDIMENTARY ROCK; TRAMPLING;

SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 84947047187     PISSN: 14390108     EISSN: 16147480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11368-015-1185-4     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Appleby PG (2001) Chronostratigraphic techniques in recent sediments. In: Last WM, Smol JP (eds) Tracking environmental change using lake sediments. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 171–203
2. Appleby PG (2008) Three decades of dating recent sediments by fallout radionuclides: a review. The Holocene 18:83–93
3. Bajracharya RM, Lal R, Kimble JM (1998) Use of radioactive fallout Cesium-137 to estimate soil erosion on three farms in west central Ohio. Soil Sci 163:133–142
4. Beckedahl H, Dardis G (1988) The role of artificial drainage in the development of soil pipes and gullies: some examples from Transkei, Southern Africa. In: Dardis G, Moon BP (eds) Geomorphological studies in Southern Africa. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 229–245
5. Beckedahl H, Bowyer-Bower T, Dardis G, Hanvey P (1988) Geomorphic effects of soil erosion. In: Moon BP, Dardis G (eds) The geomorphology of Southern Africa. Southern Book, Johannesburg, pp 249–276
6. Brierley G, Fryirs K, Jain V (2006) Landscape connectivity: the geographic basis of geomorphic applications. Area 38:165–174
7. Carter J, Owens PN, Walling DE, Leeks GJL (2003) Fingerprinting suspended sediment sources in a large urban river system. Sci Total Environ 314–316:513–534
8. Collins AL, Walling DE (2007) Sources of fine sediment recovered from the channel bed of lowland groundwater-fed catchments in the UK. Geomorphol 88:120–138
9. Collins AL, Walling DE, Leeks GJL (1997a) Use of the geochemical record preserved in floodplain deposits to reconstruct recent changes in river basin sediment sources. Geomorphol 19:151–167
10. Collins AL, Walling DE, Leeks GJL (1997b) Source type ascription for fluvial suspended sediment based on a quantitative composite fingerprinting technique. Catena 29:1–27
11. Collins AL, Walling DE, Stroud RW, Robson M, Peet LM (2010) Assessing damaged road verges as a suspended sediment source in the Hampshire Avon catchment, southern United Kingdom. Hydrol Process 24:1106–1122
12. D’Haen K, Verstraeten G, Degryse P (2012) Fingerprinting historical fluvial sediment fluxes. Prog Phys Geog 36:154–186
13. Dardis G, Beckedahl H (1988) Drainage evolution in an ephemeral soil pipe-gully system, Transkei, Southern Africa. In: Dardis G, Moon BP (eds) Geomorphological studies in Southern Africa. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 247–265
14. De Decker R (1981) Geology of the Kokstad area (sheet 3028). Geological survey, Government printer, Pretoria
15. Dearing J (1999) Magnetic susceptibility. In: Walden J, Oldfield F, Smith J (eds) Environmental magnetism: a practical guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, pp 35–62
16. 210Pb measurements to estimate sedimentation rates on river floodplains. J Environ Radioactiv 103:59–75
17. Erskine WD, Livingstone E (1999) In-channel benches: the role of floods in their formation and destruction on bedrock confined rivers. In: Miller AJ, Gupta A (eds) Varieties of fluvial form. Wiley, New York, pp 445–475
18. Fey M, Hughes J, Lambrechts J, Dohse T (2010) The soil groups: distribution, properties, classification, genesis and use. In: Fey M (ed) Soils of South Africa. Cambridge University Press, Singapore, pp 17–148
19. Foster IDL (2006) Lakes and reservoirs in the sediment delivery system: reconstructing sediment yields. In: Owens PN, Collins A (eds) Soil erosion and sediment redistribution in river catchments: measurement, modelling and management. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 128–142
20. Foster IDL, Lees JA, Owens PN, Walling DE (1998) Mineral magnetic characterization of sediment sources from an analysis of lake and floodplain sediments in the catchments of the Old Mill reservoir and Slapton Ley, South Devon, UK. Earth Surf Process Landforms 23:685–703
21. Foster IDL, Boardman J, Keay-Bright J, Meadows M (2005) Land degradation and sediment dynamics in the South African Karoo. ​In: Horowitz JA, Walling DE (eds) Sediment budgets 2, IAHS Publ 292, IAHS, Wallingford, pp. 207–213.
22. Foster IDL, Boardman J, Keay-Bright J (2007) Sediment tracing and environmental history for two small catchments, Karoo Uplands, South Africa. Geomorphol 90:126–143
23. Foster IDL, Oldfield F, Flower RJ, Keatings K (2008) Mineral magnetic signatures in a long core from Lake Qarun, Middle Egypt. J Paleolimnol 40:835–849
24. Foster IDL, Collins AL, Naden PS, Sear DA, Jones JI, Zhang Y (2011) The potential for paleolimnology to determine historic sediment delivery to rivers. J Paleolimnol 45:287–306
25. Hancock G, Pietsch T (2008) Tracing and dating techniques employed at CSIRO land and water. CSIRO Science Report 64/08, CSIRO, Canberra
26. Lees JA (1994) Modelling the magnetic properties of natural and environmental materials. Unpublished PhD thesis, Coventry University, UK
27. Lees JA (1997) Mineral magnetic properties of mixtures of environmental and synthetic materials: linear additivity and interaction effects. Geophys J Int 131:335–346
28. Maher BA (1986) Characterisation of soils by mineral magnetic measurements. Phys Earth Planet Intern 42:76–92
29. Manjoro M (2012) Soil erosion and sediment source dynamics of a catchment in the eastern Cape Province, South Africa: an approach using remote sensing and sediment source fingerprinting techniques. Unpublished PhD thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
30. Mucina L, Hoare DB, Lotter MC, Du Preez PJ, Rutherford MC, Scott-Shaw CR, Bredenkamp GJ, Powrie LW, Scott L, Camp GT, Cilliers SS, Bezuidenhout H, Mostert TH, Siebert SJ, Winter PJD, Burrows JE, Dobson L, Ward RA, Stalmans M, Oliver EGH, Siebert F, Schmidt E, Kobisi K, Kose L (2006) Grassland biome. In: Mucina L, Rutherford MC (eds) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp 349–431
31. Mzobe P (2014) Sediment linkages in a small catchment in the Mount Fletcher southern Drakensberg region, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Unpublished MSc thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa
32. Nel W (2008) Observations on daily rainfall events in the KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg. Water SA 34:271–274
33. Nel W, Reynhardt D, Sumner P (2010) Effect of altitude on erosive characteristics of concurrent rainfall events in the northern KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg. Water SA 36:509–512
34. Oldfield F (1999) The rock magnetic identification of magnetic mineral and magnetic grain size assemblages. In: Walden J, Oldfield F, Smith J (eds) Environmental magnetism: a practical guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, pp 98–112
35. 137Cs? Earth-Sci Rev 108:101–113
36. Partridge TC, Dollar E, Moolman J, Dollar L (2010) The geomorphic provinces of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland: a physiographic subdivision for earth and environmental scientists. T Roy Soc S Afr 65:1–47
37. Rowntree K, Foster I (2012) A reconstruction of historical changes in sediment sources, sediment transfer and sediment yield in a small, semi-arid Karoo catchment, semi-arid South Africa. Z Geomorphol 56:87–100
38. Rowntree KM, Mzobe P, van der Waal B (2012) Sediment source tracing in the Thina catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa. In: Collins AL, Golosov V, Horowitz AJ, Lu, X, Stone M, Walling D, Zhang X (eds) Erosion and sediment yields in the changing environment, IAHS Publ 356, IAHS, Wallingford, pp. 404–411
39. Saint-Laurent D, Lavoie L, Drouin A, St-Laurent J, Ghaleb B (2010) Floodplain sedimentation rates, soil properties and recent flood history in southern Québec. Global Planet Change 70:76–91
40. 137Cs techniques. J Radioanal Nucl Ch 251:399–408
41. Smith HG, Blake WH (2014) Sediment fingerprinting in agricultural catchments: a critical re-examination of source discrimination and data corrections. Geomorphol 204:177–191
42. van der Waal B (2014) Sediment connectivity in the upper Thina catchment, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis, Rhodes University, South Africa
43. Walden J (1999) Remanence measurements. In: Walden J, Oldfield F, Smith J (eds) Environmental magnetism: a practical guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, pp 63–88
44. 210Pb. Water Resour Res 34:879–887
45. Walling DE (1999) Linking land use, erosion and sediment yields in river basins. In: Garnier J, Mouchel J-M (eds) Man and river systems. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 223–240
46. Walling DE (2004) Using environmental radionuclides to trace sediment mobilization and delivery in river basins as an aid to catchment management. Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on River Sedimentation October 18–21, Yichang, China, pp 121–135
47. Walling DE (2005) Tracing suspended sediment sources in catchments and river systems. Sci Total Environ 344:159–184
48. Walling DE (2013) The evolution of sediment source fingerprinting investigations in fluvial systems. J Soils Sediments 13:1658–1675
49. Walling D, Woodward J (1995) Tracing sources of suspended sediment in river basins: a case study of the River Culm, Devon, UK. Mar Freshwater Res 46:327–336
50. Walling DE, Peart MR, Oldfield F, Thompson R (1979) Suspended sediment sources identified by magnetic measurements. Nature 281:110–113
51. Yu L, Oldfield F (1989) A multivariate mixing model for identifying sediment source from magnetic measurements. Quaternary Res 32:168–181