Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection of Targeted Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Honeys Purchased within Ireland

Food Analytical Methods

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 18-31

  Griffin, Caroline T ^a   O’Mahony, John ^b   Danaher, Martin ^b   Furey, Ambrose ^a  

^a Department of Chemistry   (Ireland)

^b TEAGASC FOOD RESEARCH CENTRE   (Ireland)

Author keywords

Food safety; Honey; Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC MS MS); Plant toxins; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs); Solid phase extraction (SPE)

Indexed keywords

ALKALOIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION; FOOD PRODUCTS; FOOD SAFETY; HEALTH RISKS; HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; IONIZATION OF LIQUIDS; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUIDS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; METABOLITES; PHASE SEPARATION; SAFETY ENGINEERING; SCREENING; SPECTROMETRY; TOXIC MATERIALS;

HONEY; LC-MS/MS; PLANT TOXINS; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION;

EXTRACTION;

EID: 84946840638     PISSN: 19369751     EISSN: 1936976X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9855-1     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Altaee MY, Mahmood MH (1998) An outbreak of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in northern Iraq. La Revue de Santé de la Méditerranée Orientale 4(1):142–148
2. Azadbakht M, Talavaki M (2003) Qualitative and quantitative determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids of wheat and flour contaminated with Senecio in Mazandaran Province farms. Iran J Pharm Res, 179-183
3. Bánáti D (2011) Consumer response to food scandals and scares. Trends Food Sci Technol 22(2–3):56–60
4. Beales KA, Betteridge K, Colegate SM, Edgar JA (2004) Solid-phase extraction and LC-MS analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honeys. J Agric Food Chem 52(21):6664–6672
5. Betteridge K, Cao Y, Colegate SM (2005) Improved method for extraction and LC-MS analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in honey: application to Echium vulgare honeys. J Agric Food Chem 53(6):1894–1902
6. BfR - Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung/The Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (2011) Chemical analysis and toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and assessment of the health risks posed by their occurrence in honey. BfR opinion No. 038/2011 accessed from http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/analytik-und-toxizitaet-von-pyrrolizidinalkaloiden.pdf
7. Blasco C, Vazquez-Roig P, Onghena M, Masia A, Picó Y (2011) Analysis of insecticides in honey by liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry: comparison of different extraction procedures. J Chromatogr A 1218:4892–4901
8. Boppré M, Colegate SM, Edgar JA (2005) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Echium vulgare honey found in pure pollen. J Agric Food Chem 53(3):594–600
9. Cao Y, Colegate SM, Edgar JA (2013) Persistence of echimidine, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, from honey into mead. J Food Compos Anal 29:106–109
10. Chauvin P, Dillon JC, Moren A (1994) An outbreak of Heliotrope food poisoning, Tadjikistan, November 1992–March 1993. Santé 4(4):263–268
11. Codex Alimentarius Committee (2013) Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods; discussion paper on the management practices to reduce exposure of food-producing animals to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. CX/CF 13/7/15
12. Colegate SM, Edgar JA, Knill AM, Lee ST (2005) Solid-phase extraction and HPLC-MS profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides: a case study of Echium plantagineum. Phytochem Anal 16:108–119
13. COT - Committee on Toxicity (2008) COT of chemicals in food, consumer products and the environment; statement on pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food. Accessed from http://cot.food.gov.uk/pdfs/cotstatementpa200806.pdf
14. Dübecke A, Beckh G, Lüllmann C (2011) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey and bee pollen. Food Addit Contam 28(3):348–358
15. Edgar JA, Colegate SM, Boppré M, Molyneux RJ (2011) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: a spectrum of potential health consequences. Food Addit Contam 28(3):308–324
16. EFSA - European Food Safety Agency (2011) EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM); scientific opinion on pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed. EFSA J 9(11):2406
17. Fárre M, Barceló D (2013) Analysis of emerging contaminants in food. Trends Anal Chem 43:240–253
18. Fernández Puente P, Fidalgo Sáez MJ, Hamilton B, Furey A, James KJ (2004) Studies of polyether toxins in the marine phytoplankton, Dinophysis acuta, in Ireland using multiple tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicon 44:919–926
19. Furey A, Lehane M, Gillman M, Puente-Fernandez P, James KJ (2001) Determination of domoic acid in shellfish using liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation ion-trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 938:167–174
20. Furey A, Braña-Magdalena A, Lehane M, Moroney C, James KJ, Satake M, Yasumoto T (2002) Determination of azaspiracids in shellfish using liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 16:238–242
21. Furey A, Moriarty M, Bane V, Kinsella B, Lehane M (2013) Ion suppression; a critical review on causes, evaluation, prevention and applications. Talanta 115:104–122
22. Gajda A, Posyniak A, Bober A, Bladek T, Zmudzki J (2013) Oxytetracycline residues in honey analysed by liquid chromatography with UV detection. J Apic Sci 57(1):25–32
23. Griffin CT, Danaher M, Elliott CT, Kennedy DG, Furey A (2013) Detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in commercial honey using liquid chromatography-ion trap-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 136(3–4):1577–1583
24. Guillarme D, Ruta J, Rudaz S, Veuthey J-L (2010) New trends in fast and high-resolution liquid chromatography: a critical comparison of existing approaches. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:1069–1082
25. Hoogenboom LAP, Mulder PPJ, Zeilmaker MJ, van den Top HJ, Remmelink GJ, Brandon EFA, Klijnstra M, Meijer GAL, Schothorst R, van Egmond HP (2011) Carry-over of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from feed to milk in dairy cows. Food Addit Contam 28(3):359–372
26. IRIN Asia (2008) Afghanistan: WHO confirms ‘charmak’ disease in Herat Province, Kabul, 15 May 2008; [cited 2013 Jun 16]. Available from: http://www.irinnews.org/report/78218/afghanistan-who-confirms-charmak-disease-in-herat-province
27. IRIN Asia (2008) Afghanistan: ‘Charmak’ still killing people, livestock in West Herat, 16 December 2008; [cited 2013 Jun 16]. Available from: http://www.irinnews.org/report/81971/afghanistan-charmak-disease-still-killing-people-livestock-in-west
28. Kakar F, Akbarian Z, Leslie T, Mustafa ML, Watson J, van Egmond HP, Omar MF, Mofleh J (2011) An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in western Afghanistan associated with exposure to wheat flour contaminated with pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Toxicol 139:728–735
29. Kantiani L, Llorca M, Sanchís J, Farré M, Barceló D (2010) Emerging food contaminants: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 398(6):2413–2427
30. Kaufmann A, Butcher P, Maden K, Walker S, Widmer M (2010) Comprehensive comparison of liquid chromatography selectively as provided by two types of liquid chromatography detector (high resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry): “where is the crossover point?”. Anal Chim Acta 673:60–72
31. Kempf M, Beuerle T, Bühringer M, Denner M, Trost D, von der Ohe K, Bhavanam VBR, Schreier P (2008) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey: risk analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mol Nutr Food Res 52:1193–1200
32. Kempf M, Reinhard A, Beuerle T (2010) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in honey and pollen-legal regulation of PA levels in food and animal feed required. Mol Nutr Food Res 54(1):158–168
33. Kempf M, Wittig M, Schönfeld K, Cramer L, Schreier P, Beuerle T (2011a) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food: downstream contamination in the food chain caused by honey and pollen. Food Addit Contam 28(3):325–331
34. Kempf M, Wittig M, Reinhard A, von der Ohe K, Blacquière T, Raezke K-P, Michel R, Schreier P, Beuerle T (2011b) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey: comparison of analytical methods. Food Addit Contam 28(3):332–347
35. Kinsella B, Whelan M, Cantwell H, McCormack M, Furey A, Lehotay SJ, Danaher M (2010) A dual validation approach to detect anthelmintic residues in bovine liver over an extended concentration range. Talanta 83(1):14–24
36. Malik AK, Blasco C, Picó Y (2010) Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in food safety. J Chromatogr A 1217(25):4018–4040
37. Martinello M, Cristofoli C, Gallina A, Mutinelli F (2014) Easy and rapid method for the quantitative determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: an evaluation in commercial honey. Food Control 37:146–152
38. Mroczek T, Glowniak K, Wlaszczyk A (2002) Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 949:249–262
39. Núñez O, Gallart-Ayala H, Martins CP, Lucci P (2012) New trends in fast liquid chromatography for food and environmental analysis. J Chromatogr A 1228:298–323
40. Orantes-Bermejo FJ, Serra Bonvehí J, Gómez-Pajuelo A, Megías M, Torres C (2013) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in Spanish honey collected from purple viper’s bugloss (Echium spp.). Food Addit Contam A 30(10):1799–1806
41. Pedersen E, Larsen E (1970) Mass spectrometry of some pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Org Mass Spectrom 4:249–256
42. Power C, Sayers R, O’Brien B, Bloemhoff Y, Danaher M, Furey A, Jordan K (2012) Partitioning of nitroxynil, oxyclozanide and levamisole residues from milk to cream, skim-milk and skim-milk powder. Int J Dairy Technol 65(4):503–506
43. Premanandh J (2013) Horse meat scandal—a wake up call for regulatory authorities. Food Control 34:568–569
44. Rasenack R, Müller C, Kleinschmidt M, Rasenack J, Wiedenfeld H (2003) Veno-occlusive disease in a fetus caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloids of food origin. Fetal Diagn Ther 18:223–225
45. Smith LW, Culvenor CCJ (1981) Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. J Nat Prod 44(2):129–152
46. Soler C, Hamilton B, Furey A, James KJ, Manes J, Pico Y (2006) Comparison of four mass analyzers for determining carbosulfan and its metabolites in citrus by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20(14):2151–2164
47. Soler C, Hamilton B, Furey A, James KJ, Mañes J, Picó Y (2007) Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of carbosulfan, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, and other metabolites in food. Anal Chem 79(4):1492–1501
48. Walpole SC, Prieto-Merino D, Edwards P, Cleland J, Stevens G, Roberts I (2012) The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass. BMC Public Health 12:439
49. Whelan M, Kinsella B, Furey A, Cantwell H, Lehotay SJ, Danaher M (2010) Determination of anthelmintic drug residues in milk using UPLC-MS/MS with rapid polarity switching. J Chromatogr A 1217(27):4612–4622
50. Whelan M, O’Mahony J, Moloney M, Cooper KM, Furey A, Kennedy DG, Danaher M (2013) Maximum residue level validation of triclabendazole marker residues in bovine liver, muscle and milk matrices by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1275:41–47
51. Wiedenfeld H (2011) Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: toxicity and problems. Food Addit Contam 28(3):282–292
52. Wilson SR, Malerød H, Holm A, Molander P, Lundanes E, Greibrokk T (2007) On-line SPE nano-LC-nanospray-MS for rapid and sensitive determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in river water. J Chromatogr Sci 45:146–152