A "Tips and Tricks" Practical Guide to the Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Volumn 6, Issue 21, 2015, Pages 4270-4279

  Scarabelli, Leonardo ^a   Sánchez Iglesias, Ana ^a   Pérez Juste, Jorge ^b   Liz Marzán, Luis M ^a,c  

^a CIC BIOMAGUNE   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIGO   (Spain)

^c BASQUE FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84946594590     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19487185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02123     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Huang, X.; Neretina, S.; El-Sayed, M. A. Gold Nanorods: From Synthesis and Properties to Biological and Biomedical Applications Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 4880-4910 10.1002/adma.200802789
2. Jiménez de Aberasturi, D.; Serrano-Montes, A. B.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Modern Applications of Plasmonic Nanoparticles: From Energy to Health Adv. Opt. Mater. 2015, 3, 602-617 10.1002/adom.201500053
3. Atwater, H. A.; Polman, A. Plasmonics for Improved Photovoltaic Devices Nat. Mater. 2010, 9, 205-213 10.1038/nmat2629
4. Langer, J.; Novikov, S. M.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Sensing Using Plasmonic Nanostructures and Nanoparticles Nanotechnology 2015, 26, 322001 10.1088/0957-4484/26/32/322001
5. Lal, S.; Grady, N. K.; Kundu, J.; Levin, C. S.; Lassiter, J. B.; Halas, N. J. Tailoring Plasmonic Substrates for Surface Enhanced Spectroscopies Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 898-911 10.1039/b705969h
6. Vigderman, L.; Khanal, B. P.; Zubarev, E. R. Functional Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Self-Assembly, and Sensing Applications Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 4811-4841 10.1002/adma.201201690
7. Hamon, C.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Hierarchical Assembly of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Chem.-Eur. J. 2015, 21, 9956-9963 10.1002/chem.201500149
8. Webb, J. A.; Bardhan, R. Emerging Advances in Nanomedicine with Engineered Gold Nanostructures Nanoscale 2014, 6, 2502-2530 10.1039/c3nr05112a
9. Smith, D. K.; Korgel, B. A. The Importance of the CTAB Surfactant on the Colloidal Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanorods Langmuir 2008, 24, 644-649 10.1021/la703625a
10. Rayavarapu, R. G.; Ungureanu, C.; Krystek, P.; van Leeuwen, T. G.; Manohar, S. Iodide Impurities in Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Products: Lot-Lot Variations and Influence on Gold Nanorod Synthesis Langmuir 2010, 26, 5050-5055 10.1021/la100166f
11. Lohse, S. E.; Burrows, N. D.; Scarabelli, L.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Murphy, C. J. Anisotropic Noble Metal Nanocrystal Growth: The Role of Halides Chem. Mater. 2013, 26, 34-43 10.1021/cm402384j
12. Langille, M. R.; Personick, M. L.; Zhang, J.; Mirkin, C. A. Defining Rules for the Shape Evolution of Gold Nanoparticles J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 14542-14554 10.1021/ja305245g
13. Niu, W.; Zhang, L.; Xu, G. Seed-Mediated Growth of Noble Metal Nanocrystals: Crystal Growth and Shape Control Nanoscale 2013, 5, 3172-3181 10.1039/c3nr00219e
14. Grzelczak, M.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Mulvaney, P.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Shape Control in Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Chem. Soc. Rev. 2008, 37, 1783-1791 10.1039/b711490g
15. Xia, Y.; Xia, X.; Peng, H.-C. Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals: Thermodynamic versus Kinetic Products J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 7947-7966 10.1021/jacs.5b04641
16. Nikoobakht, B.; El-Sayed, M. A. Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods (NRs) Using Seed-Mediated Growth Method Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 1957-1962 10.1021/cm020732l
17. Johnson, C. J.; Dujardin, E.; Davis, S. A.; Murphy, C. J.; Mann, S. Growth and Form of Gold Nanorods Prepared by Seed-Mediated, Surfactant-Directed Synthesis J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 1765-1770 10.1039/b200953f
18. Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Carnie, S.; Chan, D. Y. C.; Mulvaney, P. Electric-Field-Directed Growth of Gold Nanorods in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions Adv. Funct. Mater. 2004, 14, 571-579 10.1002/adfm.200305068
19. Carbó-Argibay, E.; Rodríguez-González, B.; Gómez-Graña, S.; Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. The Crystalline Structure of Gold Nanorods Revisited: Evidence for Higher-Index Lateral Facets Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9397-9400 10.1002/anie.201004910
20. Gole, A.; Murphy, C. J. Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanorods: Role of the Size and Nature of the Seed Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 3633-3640 10.1021/cm0492336
21. Carregal-Romero, S.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Hervés, P.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Mulvaney, P. Colloidal Gold-Catalyzed Reduction of Ferrocyanate (III) by Borohydride Ions: A Model System for Redox Catalysis Langmuir 2010, 26, 1271-1277 10.1021/la902442p
22. Liu, M.; Guyot-Sionnest, P. Mechanism of Silver(I)-Assisted Growth of Gold Nanorods and Bipyramids J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22192-22200 10.1021/jp054808n
23. Lin, Z.; Cai, J. J.; Scriven, L. E.; Davis, H. T. Spherical-to-Wormlike Micelle Transition in CTAB Solutions J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5984-5993 10.1021/j100074a027
24. Murphy, C. J.; Thompson, L. B.; Chernak, D. J.; Yang, J. A.; Sivapalan, S. T.; Boulos, S. P.; Huang, J.; Alkilany, A. M.; Sisco, P. N. Gold Nanorod Crystal Growth: From Seed-Mediated Synthesis to Nanoscale Sculpting Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 16, 128-134 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.01.001
25. Esumi, K.; Matsuhisa, K.; Torigoe, K. Preparation of Rodlike Gold Particles by UV Irradiation Using Cationic Micelles as a Template Langmuir 1995, 11, 3285-3287 10.1021/la00009a002
26. Jana, N. R. Gram-Scale Synthesis of Soluble, Near-Monodisperse Gold Nanorods and Other Anisotropic Nanoparticles Small 2005, 1, 875-882 10.1002/smll.200500014
27. Jana, N. R.; Gearheart, L.; Murphy, C. J. Seed-Mediated Growth Approach for Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Spheroidal and Rod-like Gold Nanoparticles Using a Surfactant Template Adv. Mater. 2001, 13, 1389-1393 10.1002/1521-4095(200109)13:18<1389::AID-ADMA1389>3.0.CO;2-F
28. Gao, J.; Bender, C. M.; Murphy, C. J. Dependence of the Gold Nanorod Aspect Ratio on the Nature of the Directing Surfactant in Aqueous Solution Langmuir 2003, 19, 9065-9070 10.1021/la034919i
29. Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Carbó-Argibay, E.; Tardajos, G.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Gemini-Surfactant-Directed Self-Assembly of Monodisperse Gold Nanorods into Standing Superlattices Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9484-9488 10.1002/anie.200904118
30. Esumi, K.; Hara, J.; Aihara, N.; Usui, K.; Torigoe, K. Preparation of Anisotropic Gold Particles Using a Gemini Surfactant Template J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1998, 208, 578-581 10.1006/jcis.1998.5852
31. Almora-Barrios, N.; Novell-Leruth, G.; Whiting, P.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; López, N. Theoretical Description of the Role of Halides, Silver, and Surfactants on the Structure of Gold Nanorods Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 871-875 10.1021/nl404661u
32. Si, S.; Leduc, C.; Delville, M.-H.; Lounis, B. Short Gold Nanorod Growth Revisited: The Critical Role of the Bromide Counterion ChemPhysChem 2012, 13, 193-202 10.1002/cphc.201100710
33. Edgar, J. A.; McDonagh, A. M.; Cortie, M. B. Formation of Gold Nanorods by a Stochastic "Popcorn" Mechanism ACS Nano 2012, 6, 1116-1125 10.1021/nn203586j
34. Scarabelli, L.; Grzelczak, M.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Tuning Gold Nanorod Synthesis through Prereduction with Salicylic Acid Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 4232-4238 10.1021/cm402177b
35. Rodríguez-Fernández, J.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Mulvaney, P.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Spatially-Directed Oxidation of Gold Nanoparticles by Au(III)-CTAB Complexes J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 14257-14261 10.1021/jp052516g
36. Carbó-Argibay, E.; Rodríguez-González, B.; Pacifico, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Chemical Sharpening of Gold Nanorods: The Rod-to-Octahedron Transition Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 8983-8987 10.1002/anie.200703259
37. Carbó-Argibay, E.; Rodríguez-González, B.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Growth of Pentatwinned Gold Nanorods into Truncated Decahedra Nanoscale 2010, 2, 2377-2383 10.1039/c0nr00239a
38. Vigderman, L.; Zubarev, E. R. High-Yield Synthesis of Gold Nanorods with Longitudinal SPR Peak Greater than 1200 Nm Using Hydroquinone as a Reducing Agent Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 1450-1457 10.1021/cm303661d
39. Newman, J. D. S.; Blanchard, G. J. Formation of Gold Nanoparticles Using Amine Reducing Agents Langmuir 2006, 22, 5882-5887 10.1021/la060045z
40. Khan, Z.; Singh, T.; Hussain, J. I.; Hashmi, A. A. Au(III)-CTAB Reduction by Ascorbic Acid: Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Colloids Surf., B 2013, 104, 11-17 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.017
41. Zümreoglu-Karan, B. A Rationale on the Role of Intermediate Au(III)-vitamin C Complexation in the Production of Gold Nanoparticles J. Nanopart. Res. 2009, 11, 1099-1105 10.1007/s11051-008-9498-5
42. Ojea-Jiménez, I.; Romero, F. M.; Bastús, N. G.; Puntes, V. Small Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Sodium Citrate and Heavy Water: Insights into the Reaction Mechanism J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 1800-1804 10.1021/jp9091305
43. Gammons, C. H.; Yu, Y.; Williams-Jones, A. E. The Disproportionation of gold(I) Chloride Complexes at 25 to 200°C Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1997, 61, 1971-1983 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00060-4
44. Kumar, S.; Gandhi, K. S.; Kumar, R. Modeling of Formation of Gold Nanoparticles by Citrate Method† Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007, 46, 3128-3136 10.1021/ie060672j
45. Rodríguez-Fernández, J.; Pérez-Juste, J.; García de Abajo, F. J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Seeded Growth of Submicron Au Colloids with Quadrupole Plasmon Resonance Modes Langmuir 2006, 22, 7007-7010 10.1021/la060990n
46. Gramlich, G.; Zhang, J.; Nau, W. M. Increased Antioxidant Reactivity of Vitamin C at Low pH in Model Membranes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 11252-11253 10.1021/ja026927b
47. Orendorff, C. J.; Murphy, C. J. Quantitation of Metal Content in the Silver-Assisted Growth of Gold Nanorods J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 3990-3994 10.1021/jp0570972
48. Lohse, S. E.; Murphy, C. J. The Quest for Shape Control: A History of Gold Nanorod Synthesis Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 1250-1261 10.1021/cm303708p
49. Hendel, T.; Wuithschick, M.; Kettemann, F.; Birnbaum, A.; Rademann, K.; Polte, J. In Situ Determination of Colloidal Gold Concentrations with UV-Vis Spectroscopy: Limitations and Perspectives Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 11115-11124 10.1021/ac502053s
50. Rao, P.; Doremus, R. Kinetics of Growth of Nanosized Gold Clusters in Glass J. Non-Cryst. Solids 1996, 203, 202-205 10.1016/0022-3093(96)00483-8
51. Sau, T. K.; Murphy, C. J. Seeded High Yield Synthesis of Short Au Nanorods in Aqueous Solution Langmuir 2004, 20, 6414-6420 10.1021/la049463z
52. García de Abajo, F. J.; Howie, A. Relativistic Electron Energy Loss and Electron-Induced Photon Emission in Inhomogeneous Dielectrics Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 5180-5183 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.5180
53. Park, K.; Drummy, L. F.; Wadams, R. C.; Koerner, H.; Nepal, D.; Fabris, L.; Vaia, R. A. Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 555-563 10.1021/cm303659q
54. Grzelczak, M.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Rodríguez-González, B.; Alvarez-Puebla, R.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Influence of Iodide Ions on the Growth of Gold Nanorods: Tuning Tip Curvature and Surface Plasmon Resonance Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 3780-3786 10.1002/adfm.200800706
55. Jackson, S. R.; McBride, J. R.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Wright, D. W. Where's the Silver? Imaging Trace Silver Coverage on the Surface of Gold Nanorods J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 5261-5263 10.1021/ja501676y
56. Hubert, F.; Testard, F.; Spalla, O. Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Silver Bromide Complex as the Capping Agent of Gold Nanorods Langmuir 2008, 24, 9219-9222 10.1021/la801711q
57. Dong, A.; Chen, J.; Vora, P. M.; Kikkawa, J. M.; Murray, C. B. Binary Nanocrystal Superlattice Membranes Self-Assembled at the Liquid-air Interface Nature 2010, 466, 474-477 10.1038/nature09188
58. Ye, X.; Jin, L.; Caglayan, H.; Chen, J.; Xing, G.; Zheng, C.; Doan-Nguyen, V.; Kang, Y.; Engheta, N.; Kagan, C. R. et al. Improved Size-Tunable Synthesis of Monodisperse Gold Nanorods through the Use of Aromatic Additives ACS Nano 2012, 6, 2804-2817 10.1021/nn300315j
59. Ye, X.; Gao, Y.; Chen, J.; Reifsnyder, D. C.; Zheng, C.; Murray, C. B. Seeded Growth of Monodisperse Gold Nanorods Using Bromide-Free Surfactant Mixtures Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 2163-2171 10.1021/nl400653s
60. Kowalczyk, B.; Lagzi, I.; Grzybowski, B. A. Nanoseparations: Strategies for Size And/or Shape-Selective Purification of Nanoparticles Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 2011, 16, 135-148 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.01.004
61. Xiong, B.; Cheng, J.; Qiao, Y.; Zhou, R.; He, Y.; Yeung, E. S. Separation of Nanorods by Density Gradient Centrifugation J. Chromatogr. A 2011, 1218, 3823-3829 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.038
62. Xu, X.; Caswell, K. K.; Tucker, E.; Kabisatpathy, S.; Brodhacker, K. L.; Scrivens, W. A. Size and Shape Separation of Gold Nanoparticles with Preparative Gel Electrophoresis J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1167, 35-41 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.056
63. Khanal, B. P.; Zubarev, E. R. Purification of High Aspect Ratio Gold Nanorods: Complete Removal of Platelets J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12634-12635 10.1021/ja806043p
64. Mao, Y.; Cates, M. E.; Lekkerkerker, H. N. W. Depletion Force in Colloidal Systems Phys. A 1995, 222, 10-24 10.1016/0378-4371(95)00206-5
65. Park, K.; Koerner, H.; Vaia, R. A. Depletion-Induced Shape and Size Selection of Gold Nanoparticles Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1433-1439 10.1021/nl100345u
66. Jana, N. R. Nanorod Shape Separation Using Surfactant Assisted Self-Assembly Chem. Commun. 2003, 15, 1950-1951 10.1039/b303103a
67. Scarabelli, L.; Coronado-Puchau, M.; Giner-Casares, J. J.; Langer, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Monodisperse Gold Nanotriangles: Size Control, Large-Scale Self-Assembly, and Performance in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering ACS Nano 2014, 8, 5833-5842 10.1021/nn500727w
68. Mayer, M.; Scarabelli, L.; March, K.; Altantzis, T.; Tebbe, M.; Kociak, M.; Bals, S.; García de Abajo, F. J.; Fery, A.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Controlled Living Nanowire Growth: Precise Control over the Morphology and Optical Properties of AgAuAg Bimetallic Nanowires Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 5427-5437 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01833
69. Bals, S.; Goris, B.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Van Tendeloo, G. Three-Dimensional Characterization of Noble-Metal Nanoparticles and Their Assemblies by Electron Tomography Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 10600-10610 10.1002/anie.201401059
70. Lekkerkerker, H. N. W.; Tuinier, T. Colloids and the Depletion Interaction; Springer: New York, 2011.
71. Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Grzelczak, M.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L. M. Binary Self-Assembly of Gold Nanowires with Nanospheres and Nanorods Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9985-9989 10.1002/anie.201005891
72. Murphy, C. J.; Buriak, J. M. Best Practices for the Reporting of Colloidal Inorganic Nanomaterials Chem. Mater. 2015, 27, 4911-4913 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02323
73. Hubert, F.; Testard, F.; Thill, A.; Kong, Q.; Tache, O.; Spalla, O. Growth and Overgrowth of Concentrated Gold Nanorods: Time Resolved SAXS and XANES Cryst. Growth Des. 2012, 12, 1548-1555 10.1021/cg2016116
74. Gómez-Graña, S.; Hubert, F.; Testard, F.; Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Grillo, I.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Spalla, O. Surfactant (Bi)Layers on Gold Nanorods Langmuir 2012, 28, 1453-1459 10.1021/la203451p
75. Hamon, C.; Postic, M.; Mazari, E.; Bizien, T.; Dupuis, C.; Even-Hernandez, P.; Jimenez, A.; Courbin, L.; Gosse, C.; Artzner, F. et al. Three-Dimensional Self-Assembling of Gold Nanorods with Controlled Macroscopic Shape and Local Smectic B Order ACS Nano 2012, 6, 4137-4146 10.1021/nn3006027
76. Hamon, C.; Novikov, S. M.; Scarabelli, L.; Solís, D. M.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Taboada, J. M.; Obelleiro, F.; Liz-Marzan, L. M. Collective Plasmonic Properties in Few-Layer Gold Nanorod Supercrystals ACS Photonics 2015, 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00369
77. Pérez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Liz-Marzán, L. M.; Mulvaney, P. Gold Nanorods: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications Coord. Chem. Rev. 2005, 249, 1870-1901 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.01.030
78. Ward, C. J.; Tronndorf, R.; Eustes, A. S.; Auad, M. L.; Davis, E. W. Seed-Mediated Growth of Gold Nanorods: Limits of Length to Diameter Ratio Control J. Nanomater. 2014, 2014, 765618-765624 10.1155/2014/765618
79. Wei, Q.; Ji, J.; Shen, J. pH Controlled Synthesis of High Aspect-Ratio Gold Nanorods J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2008, 8, 5708-5714 10.1166/jnn.2008.302
80. Vigderman, L.; Manna, P.; Zubarev, E. R. Quantitative Replacement of Cetyl Trimethylammonium Bromide by Cationic Thiol Ligands on the Surface of Gold Nanorods and Their Extremely Large Uptake by Cancer Cells Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 636-641 10.1002/anie.201107304
81. Xia, X.; Xie, S.; Liu, M.; Peng, H.-C.; Lu, N.; Wang, J.; Kim, M. J.; Xia, Y. On the Role of Surface Diffusion in Determining the Shape or Morphology of Noble-Metal Nanocrystals Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2013, 110, 6669-6673 10.1073/pnas.1222109110
82. Lohse, S. E.; Eller, J. R.; Sivapalan, S. T.; Plews, M. R.; Murphy, C. J. A Simple Millifluidic Benchtop Reactor System for the High-Throughput Synthesis and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles with Different Sizes and Shapes ACS Nano 2013, 7, 4135-4150 10.1021/nn4005022