Sociai, support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential, address to the academy of criminal, justice sciences

Justice Quarterly

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 1994, Pages 527-559

  Cullen, Francis T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84946361054     PISSN: 07418825     EISSN: 17459109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07418829400092421     Document Type: Article

References (193)

1. Addams, J. (1910) Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Signet. Adler, F. (1983) Nations Not Obsessed with Crime. Littleton, CO: Rothman.
2. Agnew, R. (1985a) “A Revised Strain Theory of Delinquency.” Social Forces 64:15-167.
3. Addams, J. (1910) Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Signet.
4. Adler, F. (1985b) “Neutralizing the Impact of Crime.” Criminal Justice and Behavior 12:221-39.
5. Addams, J. (1910) Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Signet.
6. Adler, F. (1989) “A Longitudinal Test of Revised Strain Theory.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 5:373-87.
7. Addams, J. (1910) Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Signet.
8. Adler, F. (1992) “Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency.” Criminology 30:47-86.
9. Agnew, R. and H. R. White (1992) “An Empirical Test of General Strain Theory.” Criminology 30:475-99.
10. Akers, R. L. (1994) Criminological Theories: Introduction and Evaluation. Los Angeles: Roxbury.
11. Alexander, J. F. (1973) “Defensive and Supportive Communications in Normal and Deviant Families.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 40:223-31.
12. Anderson, E. (1990) Street Wise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Andrews, D. A. and J. Bonta (1994) The Psychology of Criminal Conduct. Cincinnati: Anderson.
14. Archer, D. and R. Gartner (1984) Violence and Crime in Cross-National Perspective. New Haven: Yale University Press.
15. Astin, M. C, K. J. Lawrence, and D. W. Foy (1993) “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Battered Women: Risk and Resiliency Factors.” Violence and Victims 8:17-28.
16. Bailey, W. C. (1984) “Poverty, Inequality, and City Homicide Rates.” Criminology 22:531-50.
17. Barlow, H. D. (1993) Introduction to Criminology. 6th ed. New York: HarperCollins.
18. Barnes, G. M. (1984) “Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Other Problem Behaviors: Their Relationships and Common Parental Influences” Journal of Youth and Adolescence 13:329-47.
19. Bayley, D. H. (1976) Forces of Order: Police Behavior in Japan and the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
20. Beirne, P. and J. Messerschmidt (1991) Criminology. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
21. Bellah, R. N., R. Madsen, W. M. Sullivan, A. Swidler, and S. M. Tipton (1985) Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
22. Bellah, R. N., R. Madsen, W. M. Sullivan, A. Swidler, and S. M. Tipton (1991) The Good Society. New York: Knopf.
23. Benson, M. L. (1990) “Emotions and Adjudication: Status Degradation among White-Collar Criminals.” Justice Quarterly 7:515-28.
24. Blau, J. R. and P. M. Blau (1982) “The Cost of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime.” American Sociological Review 47:114-29.
25. Block, F., R. A. Cloward, B. Ehrenreich, and F. F. Piven (1987) The Mean Season: The Attack on the Welfare State. New York: Pantheon.
26. Bohm, R. M. (1993) “On the State of Criminal Justice: 1993 Presidential Address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.” Justice Quarterly 10:529-40.
27. Bowers, W. J. and J. H. Hirsch (1987) “The Impact of Foot Patrol Staffing on Crime and Disorder in Boston: An Unmet Promise.” American Journal of Police 6:17-44.
28. Braithwaite, J. (1979) Inequality, Crime and Public Policy. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
29. Braithwaite, J. (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
30. Braithwaite, J. and V. Braithwaite (1980) “The Effect of Income Inequality and Social Democracy on Homicide.” British Journal of Criminology 20:45-53.
31. Braithwaite, J. and S. Mugford (1994) “Conditions of Successful Reintegration Ceremonies: Dealing with Juvenile Offenders.” British Journal of Criminology 34:139-71.
32. Braswell, M. C. (1989) “Correctional Treatment and the Human Spirit: A Focus on Relationship.” Federal Probation 53 (June):49-60.
33. Braswell, M. C. (1990) “Peacemaking: A Missing Link in Criminology.” The Criminologist 15 (May-June):l, 3-5.
34. Brownfield, D. and A. M. Sorenson (1991) “Religion and Drug Use among Adolescents: A Social Support Conceptualization and Interpretation.” Deviant Behavior 12:259-76.
35. Bulmer, M. (1984) The Chicago School of Sociology: Institutionalization, Diversity, and the Rise of Sociological Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
36. Bursik, R. J., Jr. and H. G. Grasmick (1993a) Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. New York: Lexington Books.
37. Bursik, R. J., Jr. and H. G. Grasmick (1993b) “Economic Deprivation and Neighborhood Crime Rates, 1960-19801 Law and Society Review 27:263-83.
38. Burton, V. S., Jr. (1991) “Explaining Adult Criminality: Testing Strain, Differential Association, and Control Theories.” Doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
39. Burton, V. S., Jr. and F. T. Cullen (1992) 'XeEmpirical Status of Strain Theory.” Journal of Crime and Justice 15 (2):1-30.
40. Burton, V. S., Jr., F. T. Cullen, T. D. Evans, and R. G. Dunaway (1994) “Reconsidering Strain Theory: Operationalization, Rival Theories, and Adult Criminality.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10:213-39.
41. Burton, V. S., Jr. and R. G. Dunaway (1994) “Strain, Relative Deprivation, and Middle- Class Delinquency.” In G. Barak (ed.), Varieties of Criminology: Readings from a Dynamic Discipline, pp. 79-96. Westport, CT: Praeger.
42. Byrne, J. M., A. J. Lurigio, and J. Petorsilia, eds, (1992) Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
43. Byrne, J. M. and A. Pattavina (1992) “The Effectiveness Issue: Assessing What Works in the Adult Community Corrections System.” In J. M. Byrne, A. J. Lurigio, and J. Petersilia (eds.), Smart Sentencing: The Emergence of Intermediate Sanctions, pp. 281-303. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44. Byrne, J. M. and R. J. Sampson, eds. (1986) The Social Ecology of Crime. New York: Springer-Verlag.
45. Cao, L. and D. J. Maume Jr. (1993) “t/rbanization, Inequality, Lifestyles and Robbery: A Comprehensive Model.” Sociological Focus 26:11-26.
46. Carroll, L. and P. I. Jackson (1983) “Inequality, Opportunity, and Crime Rates in Central Cities.” Criminology 21:178-94.
47. Clear, T. R. (1994) Harm in American Penology: Offenders, Victims, and Their Communities. Albany: SUNY Press.
48. Cleary, P. D. (1988) “Social Support: Conceptualization and Measurement.” In H. B. Weis and F. H. Jacobs (eds.), Evaluating Family Programs, pp. 195-216. New York: Aldine.
49. Cloward, R. A. (1959) “Illegitimate Means, Anomie, and Deviant Behavior.” American Sociological Review 24:164-76.
50. Cohen, L. E. and M. Felson (1979) “Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach.” American Sociological Review 44:588-608.
51. Coles, R. (1993) The Call of Service: A Witness to Idealism. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
52. Colvin, M. and J. Pauly (1983) “A Critique of Criminology: Toward an Integrated Structural-Marxist Theory of Delinquency Production.” American Journal of Sociology 89:513-51.
53. Cullen, F. T. (1984) Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition. Totewa, NJ: Rowman and Allenheld.
54. Cullen, F. T. and K. E. Gilbert (1982) Reaffirming Rehabilitation. Cincinnati: Anderson.
55. Cullen, F. T. and J. P. Wright (forthcoming) The Future of Corrections. In B. Magtdre and P. Radosh (eds.), The Past, Present, and Future of American Crimi. hal Justice. New York: General Hall.
56. Cullen, F. T., J. P. Wright, and B. K. Applegate (1993) “Control in the Community: The Limits of Reform?” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Association of Residential and Community Alternatives, Philadelphia.
57. Currie, E. (1985) Confronting Crime: An American Challenge. New York: Pantheon.
58. Currie, E. (1989) “Confronting Crime: Looking toward the Twenty-First Century.” Justice Quarterly 6:5-25.
59. Currie, E. (1993) Reckoning: Drugs, the Cities, and the American Future. New York: Hill and Wang.
60. Curtis, L. A. (1989) “Race and Violent Crime: Toward a New Policy.” In N. A. Weiner and M. E. Wolfgang (eds.), Violent Crime, Violent Criminals, pp. 139-70. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
61. DeFronzo, J. (1983) “Economic Assistance to Impoverished Americans: Relationship to Incidence of Crime.” Criminology 21:119-36.
62. Devine, J. A. and J. D. Wright (1993) The Greatest of Evils: Urban Poverty and the American Underclass. New York: Aldine.
63. Dubow, E. F. and G. J. Reid (1994) “Risk and Resource Variables in Children's Aggressive Behavior: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study.” In L. R. Huesmann (ed.), Aggressive Behavior: Current Perspectives, pp. 187-211, New York: Plenum.
64. Duneier, M. (1992) Slim's Table: Race, Respectability, and Masculinity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Ellwood, D. T. (1988). Poor Support: Poverty in the American Family. New York: Basic Books.
66. Empey, L. T. (1982) American Delinquency: Its Meaning and Construction. 2nd ed. Homewood, IL: Dorsey.
67. Etzioni, A. (1993) The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda. New York: Crown.
68. Farnworth, M. and M. J. Leiber (1989) “Strain Theory Revisited: Economic Goals, Educational Means, and Delinquency.” American Sociological Review 54:263-74.
69. Farrington, D. P. (1994) “Delinquency Prevention in the First Few Years of Life.” Plenary address presented at the Fourth European Conference on Law and Psychology, Barcelona.
70. Farrington, D. P, L. E. Ohlin, and J. Q. Wilson (1986) Understanding and Contrvlling Crime: Toward a New Research Strategy. New York: Springer-Verlag.
71. Feldman, P. (1993) The Psychology of Crime: A Social Science Textbook. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
72. Felson, M. (1986) Linking Criminal Choices, Routine Activities, Informal Control, and Criminal Outcomes.” In D. B. Cornish and R. V. Clarke (eds.), The Reasoning Criminal: Rational Choice Perspectives on Offending, pp. 119-28. New York: Springer-Verlag.
73. Felson, M. (1994) Crime and Everyday Life: Insight and Implications for Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
74. Felson, R. B. (1982) “Impression Management and the Escalation of Aggression and Violence.” Social Psychology Quarterly 45:245-54.
75. Felson, R. B. and J. T. Tedeschi (1993) “A Social Interactionist Approach to Violence: Cross-Cultural Applications.” Violence and Victims 8:295-310.
76. Garland, D. (1990) Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
77. Garofalo, J. (1987) “Reassessing the Lifestyle Model of Criminal Victimization.” In M. R. Gottfredson and T. Hirschi (eds.), Positive Criminology, pp. 23-42. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
78. Gilligan, C. (1982) In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
79. Gilligan, C. and J. Attanucci (1988) “Two Moral Orientations.” In C. Gilligan, J. V. Ward, and J. M. Taylor (eds.), with B. Bardige, Mapping the Moral Domain: A Contribution of Women's Thinking to Psychological Theory and Education, pp. 73-86. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
80. Gilligan, C., J. V. Ward, and J. M. Taylor (eds.) with B. Bardige (1988), Mapping the Moral Domain: A Contribution of Women's Thinking to Psychological Theory and Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
81. Glueck, S. and E. Glueck (1950) Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
82. Gottfredson, M. R. and T. Hirschi (1990) A General Theory of Crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
83. Grasmick, H. G., C. R. Tittle, R. J. Bursik Jr., and B. J. Arneklev (1993) “Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30:5-29.
84. Guarino-Ghezzi, S. (1994) “Reintegrative Police Surveillance of Juvenile Offenders: Forging an Urban Model.” Crime and Delinquency 40:131-53.
85. Hagan, J. (1989) Structural Criminology. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
86. Hagan, J. (1993a) “Structural and Cultural Disinvestment and the New Ethnographies of Poverty and Crime.” Contemporary Sociology 22:327-32.
87. Hagan, J. (1993b) “The Social Embeddedness of Crime and Unemployment.” Criminology 31:465-91.
88. Hagan, J., A. R. Gillis, and J. Simpson (1990) “Clarifying and Extending Power-Control Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 95:1024-37.
89. Hewlett, S. A. (1991) When the Bough Breaks: The Cost of Neglecting Our Children. New York: HarperCollins.
90. Hills, S. L., ed. (1987) Corporate Violence: Injury and Death for Profit. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
91. House, J. L. (1981) Work Stress and Social Support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
92. Irwin, J. and J. Austin (1994) It's About Time: America's Prison Binge. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
93. Jencks, C. and P. E. Peterson, eds. (1991) The Urban Underclass. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
94. Kasinitz, P. (1993) “The Real Jobs Problem.” Wall Street Journal, November 26, p. A-6.
95. Katz, J. (1988) Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions of Doing Evil. New York: Basic Books.
96. Kornhauser, R. R. (1978) Social Sources of Delinquency: An Appraisal of Analytic Models. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
97. Krohn, M. D. (1986) “The Web of Conformity: A Network Approach to the Explanation of Delinquent Behavior.” Social Problems 33:581-93.
98. Kurtz, L. R. (1984) Evaluating Chicago Sociology: A Guide to the Literature with an Annotated Bibliography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
99. Kuznik, F. (1994) “An Uncommon Bond.” USA Weekend, January 14-16, pp. 4-5.
100. Lemann, N. (1991) The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America. New York: Knopf.
101. Lilly, J. R., F. T. Cullen, and R. A. Ball (1989) Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
102. Lin, N. (1986) “Conceptualizing Social Support.” In N. Lin, A. Dean, and W. Edsel (eds.), Social Support, Life Events, and Depression, pp. 17-30. Orlando: Academic Press.
103. Lin, N., A. Dean, and W. Ensel, eds. (1986) Social Support, Life Events, and Depression. Orlando: Academic Press.
104. Lin, N., M. Y. Dumin, and M. Woelfel (1986) “Measuring Community and Network Support.” In N. Lin, A. Dean, and W. Ensel (eds.), Social Support, Life Events, and Depression, pp. 153-70. Orlando: Academic Press.
105. Link, B. G., F. T. Cullen, E. Struening, P. E. Shrout, and B. G. Dohrenwend (1989) “A Modified Labeling Theory Approach to Mental Disorders: An Empirical Assessment.” American Sociological Review 54:400-23.
106. Link, B. G., S. Schwartz, R. E. Moore, J. Phelan, E. L. Struening, C. A. Stueve, and M. E. Colton (1992) “Public Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs toward Homeless People: Evidence for Compassion Fatigue?” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
107. Lipsey, M. W. (1992) “Juvenile Delinquency Treatment: A Meta-Analytic Inquiry into the Variability of Effects.” In T. D. Cook, H. Cooper, D. S. Cordray, H. Hartmann, L. V. Hedges, R. J. Light, T. A. Louis, and F. Mosteller (eds.), Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook, pp. 83-127. New York: Russell Sage.
108. Loeber, R. and M. Le Blanc (1990) “roward a Developmental Criminology.” In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 12, pp. 375-473. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
109. Loeber, R. and M. Steuthamer-Loeber (1986) “Family Factors as Correlates and Predictors of Juvenile Conduct Problems and Delinquency.” In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, vol. 7, pp. 29-149. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
110. Lupo, A. (1994) “Still Yearning for the Great Society.” Boston Globe, January 30, p. 66.
111. Lynch, J. (1995) “Crime in International Perspective.” In J.Q. Wilson and J. Petersilia (eds.), Crime, pp. 11-38. San Francisco: ICS Press.
112. Makkai, T. and J. Braithwaite (1994) “Reintegrative Shaming and Compliance with Regulatory Standards.” Criminology 32:361-85.
113. Massey, D. S. and N. A. Denton (1993) American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
114. Mastrofski, S. D. (1988) “Community Policing as Reform: A Cautionary Tale.” In J. D. Greene and S. D. Mastrofski (eds.), Community Policing: Rhetoric or Reality, pp. 47-68. New York: Praeger.
115. Matsueda, R. L. (1992) “Reflected Appraisals, Parental Labeling, and Delinquency: Specifying a Symbolic Interactionist Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 6:1577-1611.
116. Maume, D. J, Jr. (1989) “Inequality and Metropolitan Rape Rates: A Routine Activity Approach.” Justice Quarterly 6:513-27.
117. Mawhorr, T. L. (1992) “Unraveling the Attachment-Delinquency Link.” Doctoral dissertation, Bowling Green State University.
118. McCarthy, B. and J. Hagan (1992) “Mean Streets; The Theoretical Significance of Situational Delinquency among Homeless Youths.” American Journal of Sociology 98:597-627.
119. McCord, J. (1992) “Understanding Motivations: Considering Altruism and Aggression” In J. McCord (ed.), Facts, Frameworks, and Forecasts: Advances in Criminological Theory, vol. 3. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
120. McDermott, M. J. (1994) “Criminology as Peacemaking, Feminist Ethics and the Victimization of Women.” Women and Criminal Justice 5 (2):21-44.
121. Messner, S. F. (1980) “Income Inequality and Murder Rates: Some Cross-National Findings.” Comparative Social Research 3:t85-98.
122. Messner, S. F. (1986) “Geographical Mobility, Governmental Assistance to the Poor, and Rates of Urban Crime” Journal of Crime and Justice 9:1-18.
123. Messner, S. F. and M. D. Krohn (1990) “Class, Compliance Structures, and Delinquency: Assessing Integrated Structural-Marxist Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 96:300-28.
124. Messner, S. F. and R. Rosenfeld (1994) Crime and the American Dream. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
125. Miller, J. G. (1991) Last One Over the Wall: The Massachusetts Experiment in Closing Reform Schools. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
126. Murray, C. (1984)Losing Ground: American SocialPolicy, 1950-1980. New York: Basic Books.
127. Myers, L. B. and C. P. Chiang (1993) “Law Enforcement Officer and Peace Officer: Reconciliation Using the Feminine Approach.” Journal of Crime and Justice 16 (2):31-41.
128. Nagin, D. S. and R. Paternoster (1991) “On the Relationship of Past to Future Participation in Delinquency. “ Criminology 29:163-89.
129. National Institute of Justice (1992) Community Policing in Seattle: A Model Partnership between Citizens and Police. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
130. Nurius, P. S., M. Furrey, and L. Berliner (1992) “Coping Capacity among Women with Abusive Partners.” Violence and Victims 7:22943.
131. Palmer, T. (1992) The Re-Emergence of Correctional Intervention. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
132. Panel of High-Risk Youth (1993) Losing Generations: Adolescents in High-Risk Settings. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
133. Pepinsky, H. E. (1988) “Violence as Unresponsiveness: Toward a New Conception of Crime.” Justice Quarterly 4:539-63.
134. Pepinsky, H. E. and R. Quinney, eds. (1991) Criminology as Peacemaking. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
135. Petersflia, J. (1992) “California's Prison Policy: Causes, Costs, and Consequences.” The Prison Journal 72:8-36.
136. Petersilia, J. and S. Turner (1993) “Intensive Probation and Parole.” In M. Tonry (ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 17, pp. 281-335. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
137. Pfohl, S. J. (1985) Images of Deviance and Social Control: A Sociological History. New York: McGraw-Hill.
138. Platt, A. M. (1969) The Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
139. Rand, A. (1987) “rransitional Life Events and Desistance from Delinquency and Crime.” In M. E. Wolfgang, T. P. Thornberry, and R. M. Figlio (eds.), From Boy to Man, from Delinquency to Crime, pp. 134-62. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
140. Rankin, J. H. and E. L. Wells (1990) '“he Effect of Parental Attachments and Direct Controls on Delinquency.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 27:140-65.
141. Regoli, R. M. and J. D. Hewitt (1994) Delinquency in Society. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-HiU.
142. Reich, R. B., ed. (1988) The Power of Public Ideas. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
143. Reiss, A. J., Jr. (1988) “Co-Offending and Criminal Careers.” In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, vol. 10, pp. 117-70. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
144. Reiss, A. J., Jr. and M. Tonry, eds. (1986) Communities and Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
145. Rivara, F. P. and D. P. Farringten (forthcoming) “Prevention of Violence: Role of the Pediatrician.” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.
146. Rosenfeld, R. (1986) “Urban Crime Rates: Effects of Inequality, Welfare Dependency, Region, and Race.” In J. M. Byrne and R. J. Sampson (eds.), The Social Ecology of Crime, pp. 116-30. New York: Springor-Verlag.
147. Rothman, D. J. (1980) Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and Its Alternatives in Progressive America. Boston: Little, Brown.
148. Sampson, R. J. (1986a) “Neighborhood Family Structure and the Risk of Personal Victimization.” In J. M. Byrne and R. J. Sampson (eds.), The Social Ecology of Crime, pp. 25-46. New York: Springor-Verlag.
149. Sampson, R. J. (1986b) “Crime in Cities: The Effects of Formal and Informal Social Control.” In A. J. Reiss Jr. and M. Tonry (eds.), Communities and Crime, pp. 271-311. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
150. Sampson, R. J. and W. B. Groves (1989) “Community Structure and Crime: Testing Social-Disorganization Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 94:774-802.
151. Sampson, R. J. and J. H. Laub (1993) Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points through Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
152. Saunders, D. G. and S. T. Azar (1989) “Treatment Programs for Family Violence.” In L. Ohlin and M. Tonry (eds.), Family Violence, pp. 481-546. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
153. Shaw, C. R. (1966) The Jack-Roller: A Delinquent Boy's Own Story. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
154. Shaw, C. R., with M. E. Moore (1976) The Natural History of a Delinquent Career. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
155. Shaw, C. R. and H. D. McKay (1942) Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
156. Sheley, J. F., ed. (1991) Criminology: A Contemporary Handbook. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
157. Sherman, L. W., with J. D. Schmidt and D. P. Rogan (1992) Policing Domestic Violence: Experiments and Dilemmas. New York: Free Press.
158. Short, J. F., Jr. (1990) “Cities, Gangs, and Delinquency.” Sociological Forum 5:657-68.
159. Short, J. F., Jr. (1991) “Poverty, Ethnicity, and Crime: Change and Continuity in U.S. Cities.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 28:501-18.
160. Skolnick, J. H. and D. H. Bayley (1988) “Theme and Variation in Community Policing.” In M. Tonry and N. Morris (eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research, vol. 10, pp. 1-37. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
161. Snodgrass, J. (1982) The Jack-Roller at Seventy: A Fifly-Year Follow-Up. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
162. Sparrow, M. K(1988)Implementing Community Policing. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
163. Spelman, W. and J. E. Eck (1987)Problem-Oriented Policing. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice.
164. Steffensmeier, D. J. (1983) “Organization Properties and Sex-Segregation in the Underworld: Building a Sociological Theory of Sex Differences in Crime.” Social Forces 61:1010-32.
165. Steffensmeier, D. J. and M. D. Harer (1993) “Bulging Prisons, An Aging U.S. Population, and the Nation's Crime Rate.” Federal Probation 57 (June):3-10.
166. Straus, M. A. (1990) “Discipline and Deviance: Physical Punishment of Children and Violence and Other Crimes in Adulthood.” Social Problems 38:133-54.
167. Sullivan, M. L. (1989) “Getting Paid”: Youth Crime and Work in the Inner City. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
168. Sutherland, E. H. (1949) White Collar Crime. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
169. Sutherland, E. H., D. R. Cressey, and D. F. Luckenbill (1992)Principles of Criminology. llth ed. Dix Hills, NY: General Hall.
170. Sykes, G. M. and F. T. Cullen (1992) Criminology. 2nd ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
171. Testa, M., B. A. Miller, W. R. Downs, and D. Panek (1992) “The Moderating Impact of Social Support Following Childhood Sexual Abuse.” Violence and Victims 7:173-86.
172. Thrasher, F. M. (1963) The Gang: A Study of 1,313 Gangs in Chicago. Abridged ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
173. Thurman, Q. C. (1993) “The Police as a Community-Based Resource.” Paper presented to the Oberman Faculty Seminar, University of Iowa.
174. Van Voorhis, P., F. T. Cullen, R. A. Mathers, and C. C. Garner (1988) “The Impact of Family Structure and Quality on Delinquency: A Comparative Assessment of Structure and Functional Factors.” Criminology 26:235-61.
175. Vaux, A. (1988) Social Support: Theory, Research, and Intervention. New York: Praeger.
176. Vaux, A. and M. Ruggiero (1983) “Stressful Life Change and Delinquent Behavior.” American Journal of Community Psychology 11:169-83.
177. Visher, C. A. (1987) “Incapacitation and Crime Control: Does a 'Lock 'Em Up' Strategy Reduce Crime?” Justice Quarterly 4:513-43.
178. Vito, G. F. and R. M. Holmes (1994) Criminology: Theory, Research, andPolicy. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
179. Vold, G. B. and T. J. Bernard (1986) Theoretical Criminology. 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
180. Walsh, A. and T. A. Petee (1987) “Love Deprivation and Violent Juvenile Delinquency.” Journal of Crime and Justice 10 (2):45-61.
181. Ward, J. V. (1988) “Urban Adolescents' Conceptions of Violence.” In C. Gilligan, J. V. Ward, and J. M. Taylor (eds.) with B. Bardige, Mapping the Moral Domain, pp. 175-200. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
182. Wells, L. E. and J. H. Rankin (1991) “Families and Delinquency: A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Broken Homes.” Social Problems 38:71-93.
183. West, D. J. (1982) Delinquency: Its Roots, Careers and Prospects. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
184. Widom, C. S. (1989) “The Cycle of Violence.” Science 244 (April 14):160-66.
185. Wilkinson, K. (1974) “The Broken Family and Juvenile Delinquency: Scientific Explanation or Ideology?” Social Problems 21:726-39.
186. Wilson, J. Q. and R. J. Herrnstein (1985) Crime and Human Nature. New York: Simon and Schuster.
187. Wilson, W. J. (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass, and Public Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
188. Wright, K. N. and K. E. Wright (1992) “Does Getting Married Reduce the Likelihood of Criminality? A Review of the Literature.” Federal Probation 56 (September): 50-56.
189. Wright, R. A. (1994) In Defense of Prisons. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
190. Wuthnow, R. (1991)Acts of Compassion: Caring for Others and Helping Ourselves. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
191. Wycoff, M. A. (1988) “The Benefits of Community Policing: Evidence and Conjecture.” In J. R. Greene and S. D. Mastrofski (eds.), Community Policing: Rhetoric or Reality, pp. 103-20. New York: Praeger.
192. Zimring, F. and G. Hawkins (1991) The Scale of Imprisonment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
193. Zuravin, S. J. (1989) The Ecology of Child Abuse and Neglect: Review of the Literature and Presentation of Data.” Violence and Victims 4:101-20.