Managing white-tailed deer: Exurban, suburban, and urban environments

Biology and Management of White-Tailed Deer

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 599-620

  Bowman, Jacob L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84946135374     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (102)

1. Abbott, D. H., D. A. Baines, C. G. Faulkes, D. C. Jennens, P. C. Y. K. Ning, and A. J. Tomlinson. 1990. A natural deer repellent: Chemistry and behaviour. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 5, eds. D. W. MacDonald, D. Müller-Schwarze, and S. E. Natynczuk, 599-609. Oxford: Oxford Press.
2. Anderson, R. C., E. A. Corbett, M. R. Anderson, G. A. Corbett, and T. A. Kelley. 2001. High white-tailed deer density has negative impact on tallgrass prairie forbs. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 128:381-392.
3. Augustine, D. J. and S. J. McNaughton. 1998. Ungulate effects on the functional species composition of plant communities: Herbivore selectivity and plant tolerance. Journal of Wildlife Management 62:1165-1183.
4. Baker, D. L. and N. T. Hobbs. 1985. Emergency feeding of mule deer during winter: Tests of a supplemental ration. Journal of Wildlife Management 49:934-942.
5. Belant, J. L., S. K. Ickes, L. A. Tyson, and T. W. Seasmans. 1997. Comparison of four particulate substances as wildlife feeding repellents. Crop Protection 16:439-447.
6. Beringer, J., L. P. Hansen, J. A. Demand, J. Sartwell, M. Wallendorf, and R. Mange. 2002. Efficacy of translocation to control urban deer in Missouri: Costs, efficiency, and outcome. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:767-774.
7. Bissonette, J. A., C. A. Kassar, and L. J. Cook. 2008. Assessment of costs associated with deer-vehicle collisions: Human death and injury, vehicle damage, and deer loss. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 21:17-27.
8. Bowman, J. L. 2006. An Evaluation of Deer Management in Delaware. Dover, DE: Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife.
9. Bowman, J. L., B. D. Leopold, F. J. Vilella, D. A. Gill, and H. A. Jacobson. 2001. Attitudes of landowners toward black bears compared between areas of high and low bear populations. Ursus 12:153-160.
10. Bowman, J. L., B. D. Leopold, F. J. Vilella, and H. A. Jacobson. 2004. A spatially explicit model, derived from demographic variables, to predict attitudes toward black bear restoration. Journal of Wildlife Management 68:223-232.
11. Brown, D. G., K. M. Johnson, T. R. Loveland, and D. M. Theobald. 2005. Rural land-use trends in the conterminous United States, 1950-2000. Journal of Wildlife Management 15:1851-1863.
12. Brown, T. L., D. J. Decker, S. J. Riley et al. 2000. The future of hunting as a mechanism to control white-tailed deer populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:797-807.
13. Byers, R. E., D. H. Carbaugh, and C. N. Presley. 1989. Screening odor and taste repellents for control of white-tailed deer browse to apples or apple shoots. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 8:185-189.
14. Coffey, M. A. and G. H. Johnston. 1997. A planning process for managing white-tailed deer in protected areas: Integrated pest management. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:443-439.
15. Conover, M. R. 1984. Effectiveness of repellents in reducing deer damage in nurseries. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:399-404.
16. Conover, M. R. 1987. Comparison of two repellents for reducing deer damage to Japanese yews during winter. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:265-268.
17. Conover, M. R. 2001. Effect of hunting and trapping on wildlife damage. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:521-532.
18. Conover, M. R., W. C. Pitt, K. K. Kessler, T. J. DuBow, and W. A. Sanborn. 1995. Review of human injuries, illnesses, and economic losses caused by wildlife in the United States. Wildlife Society Bulletin 23:407-414.
19. Cromwell, J. A., R. J. Warren, and D. W. Henderson. 1999. Live-capture and small-scale relocation of urban deer on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:1025-1031.
20. Curtis, P. D. and J. R. Hauber. 1997. Public involvement in deer management decisions: Consensus versus consent. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:399-403
21. deCalesta, D. S. 1994. Effect of white-tailed deer on songbirds within managed forests in Pennsylvania. Journal of Wildlife Management 58:711-718.
22. deCalesta, D. S. 1997. Deer and ecosystem management. In The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management, eds. W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole, 267-279. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press.
23. DeNicola, A. J., D. R. Etter, and T. Almendinger. 2008. Demographics of non-hunted white-tailed deer populations in suburban areas. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 2:102-109.
24. DeNicola, A. J., K. C. VerCauteren, P. D. Curtis, and S. E. Hygnstrom. 2000. Managing White-tailed Deer in Suburban Environments: A Technical Guide. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Cooperative Extension, Cornell University.
25. DeNicola, A. J., S. J. Weber, C. A. Bridges, and J. L. Stokes. 1997. Nontraditional techniques for management of overabundant deer populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:496-499.
26. DeNicola, A. J. and S. C. Williams. 2008. Sharpshooting suburban white-tailed deer reduces deer-vehicle collisions. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 2:28-33.
27. Diehl, S. R. 1988. The translocation of urban white-tailed deer. In Translocation of Wild Animals, eds. L. Nielsen and R. D. Brown, 239-249. Milwaukee, WI: Humane Society.
28. Doenier, P. B., G. D. DelGiudice, and M. R. Riggs. 1997. Effects of winter supplemental feeding on browse consumption by white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:235-243.
29. Doerr, M. L., J. B. McAninch, and E. P. Wiggers. 2001. Comparison of 4 methods to reduce white-tailed deer abundance in an urban community. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:1105-1113.
30. Ebersole, R., J. L. Bowman, and B. Eyler. 2007. Efficacy of an exurban controlled hunt. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 61:68-75.
31. Etter, D. R., K. M. Hollis, T. R. Van Deelen et al. 2002. Survival and movements of white-tailed deer in suburban Chicago, Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:500-510.
32. Foley, A. M., B. Pierce, D. G. Hewitt et al. 2008. Survival and movements of translocated white-tailed deer in south Texas. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 62:25-30.
33. Gionfriddo, J. P., J. D. Eisemann, K. J. Sullivan et al. 2009. Field test of a single-injection gonadotrophin-releasing hormone immunocontraceptive vaccine in female white-tailed deer. Wildlife Research 36:177-184.
34. Green, D., G. R. Askins, and P. D. West. 1997. Public opinion: Obstacle or aid to sound deer management? Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:367-370.
35. Grund, M. D. 1998. Movement patterns and habitat use of an urban white-tailed deer population in Bloomington, Minnesota. MS thesis, University of Missouri.
36. Grund, M. D., J. B. McAninch, E. P. Wiggers. 2002. Seasonal movement patterns and habitat use of female white-tailed deer associated with an urban park. Journal of Wildlife Management 66:123-130.
37. Hansen, A. J., R. L. Knight, J. M. Marzluff et al. 2005. Effects of exurban development on biodiversity: Patterns, mechanisms, and research needs. Ecological Applications 15:1893-1905.
38. Hansen, L. and J. Beringer. 1997. Managed hunts to control white-tailed deer populations on urban public areas in Missouri. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:484-487.
39. Harden, C. D., A. Woolf, and J. Roseberry. 2005. Influence of exurban development on hunting opportunity, hunter distribution, and harvest efficiency of white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:233-242.
40. Harlow, R. F. and R. L. Downing. 1970. Deer browsing and hardwood regeneration in the southern Appalachians. Journal of Forestry 68:298-300.
41. Henderson, D. W., R. J. Warren, D. H. Newman, J. M. Bowker, J. S. Cromwell, and J. J. Jackson. 2000. Human perceptions before and after a 50% reduction in an urban deer herd’s density. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:911-918.
42. Horsley, N. W. and D. A. Marquis. 1983. Interference by weeds and deer with Allegheny hardwood reproduction. Canadian Journal of Forest Resources 13:61-69.
43. Horton, R. R. and S. R. Craven. 1997. Perceptions of shooting-permit use for deer damage abatement in Wisconsin. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:330-336.
44. Hygnstrom, S. E. and S. R. Craven. 1988. Electric fences and commercial repellents for reducing deer damage in cornfields. Wildlife Society Bulletin 16:291-296.
45. Ishmael, W. E. and O. J. Rongstad. 1984. Economics of an urban deer-removal program. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:394-398.
46. Jones, J. M. and J. H. Witham. 1990. Post-translocation survival and movements of metropolitan white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 18:434-441.
47. Jones, M. L., N. E. Mathews, and W. F. Palmer. 1997. Influence of social organization on dispersal and survival of translocated female white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:272-278.
48. Kilpatrick, H. J., A. M. Labonte, and J. S. Barclay. 2007. Factors affecting bowhunter access in suburban areas. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:2102-2105.
49. Kilpatrick, H. J., A. M. Labonte, and J. S. Barclay. 2010. Use of bait to increase archery deer harvest in an urban-suburban landscape. Journal of Wildlife Management 74:714-718.
50. Kilpatrick, H. J. and S. M. Spohr. 2000a. Movements of female white-tailed deer in a suburban landscape: A management perspective. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:1038-1045.
51. Kilpatrick, H. J. and S. M. Spohr. 2000b. Spatial and temporal use of a suburban landscape by female white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28:1023-1029.
52. Kilpatrick, H. J., S. M. Spohr, and G. G. Chasko. 1997. A controlled deer hunt on a state-owned coastal reserve in Connecticut: Controversies, strategies, and results. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:451-456.
53. Kilpatrick, H. J., S. M. Sphor, and K. K. Lima. 2001. Effects of population reduction on home ranges of female white-tailed deer at high densities. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:949-954.
54. Kilpatrick, H. J. and W. A. Stober. 2002. Effects of temporary bait sites on movements of suburban white-tailed deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:760-766.
55. Kilpatrick, H. J. and W. D. Walter. 1999. A controlled archery deer hunt in a residential community: Cost, effectiveness, and deer recovery rates. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:115-123.
56. Lischka, S. A., S. J. Riley, and B. A. Rudolph. 2008. Effects of impact perception on acceptance capacity for white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 72:502-509.
57. Long, E. S., D. R. Diefenbach, C. S. Rosenberry, B. D. Wallingford, and M. D. Grund. 2005. Forest cover influences dispersal distance of white-tailed deer. Journal of Mammalogy 86:623-629.
58. Lopez, R. R., M. E. P. Viera, N. J. Silvy, P. A. Frank, S. W. Whisenant, and D. A. Jones. 2003. Survival, mortality, and life expectancy of Florida Key deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:34-45.
59. McDonald, J. E., Jr., D. E. Clarks, and W. A. Woytek. 2007. Reduction and maintenance of a white-tailed deer herd in central Massachusetts. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1585-1593.
60. McDonald, J. E., M. R. Ellingwood, and G. M. Vecellio. 1998. Case Studies in Controlled Deer Hunting. Concord, NH: New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.
61. McNulty, S. A., W. F. Porter, N. E. Matthews, and J. A. Hill. 1997. Localized management for reducing white-tailed deer populations. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:265-271.
62. McShea, W. J. and J. H. Rappole. 1997a. Herbivores and the ecology of forest understory birds. In The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management, eds. W. J. McShea, H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole, 298-309. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press.
63. McShea, W. J. and J. H. Rappole. 1997b. The science and politics of managing deer within a protected area. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:443-446.
64. McShea, W. J. and J. H. Rappole. 2000. Managing the abundance and diversity of breeding bird populations through manipulation of deer populations. Conservation Biology 14:1161-1170.
65. McShea, W. J., H. B. Underwood, and J. H. Rappole. 1997. The Science of Overabundance: Deer Ecology and Population Management. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute Press.
66. Merrill, J. A., E. G. Cooch, and P. D. Curtis. 2003. Time to reduction: Factors influencing management efficacy in sterilizing overabundant white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 67:267-279.
67. Messmer, T. A., S. M. George, and L. Cornicelli. 1997. Legal considerations regarding lethal and nonlethal approaches to managing urban deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:424-429.
68. Miller, R., J. B. Kaneene, S. D. Fitzgerald, and S. M. Schmitt. 2003. Evaluation of the influence of supplemental feeding of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the Michigan wild deer population. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39:84-95.
69. Milunas, M. C., A. F. Rhoads, and J. R. Mason. 1994. Effectiveness of odour repellents for protecting ornamental shrubs from browsing by white-tailed deer. Crop Protection 13:393-397.
70. Muller, L. I., R. J. Warren, and D. L. Evans. 1997. Theory and practice of immunocontraception in wild mammals. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:504-514.
71. Nelson, M. E. 1994. Migration bearing and distance memory by translocated white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus. Canadian Field Naturalist 108:74-76.
72. Nielsen, C. K., W. F. Porter, and H. B. Underwood. 1997. An adaptive management approach to controlling suburban deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:470-477.
73. Norman, P. C. and J. L. Bowman. 2003. Attitudes of residents toward a managed deer hunting program in the vicinity of suburban parks. Paper presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Deer Study Group, Chattanooga, TN.
74. Odell, E. A. and R. L. Knight. 2001. Songbird and medium-sized mammal communities associated with exurban development in Pitkin County, Colorado. Conservation Biology 15:1143-1150.
75. Ozoga, J. J. and L. J. Verme. 1982. Physical and reproductive characteristics of a supplementally fed white-tailed deer herd. Journal of Wildlife Management 46:281-301.
76. Palmer, M. V. and D. L. Whipple. 2006. Survival of Mycobacterium bovis on feedstuffs commonly used as supplemental feed for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 42:853-858.
77. Pietz, P. J. and D. A. Gransfors. 2000. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) predation on grassland songbird nestlings. American Midland Naturalist 144:419-422.
78. Porter, W. F. 1997. Ignorance, arrogance, and the process of managing overabundant deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:408-412.
79. Radeloff, V. C., R. B. Hammer, S. I. Stewart, J. S. Fried, S. S. Holcomb, and J. F. McKeefry. 2005. The wildland-urban interface in the United States. Ecological Applications 15:799-805.
80. Rhoads, C. L. 2006. Spatial ecology and response to a controlled hunt of female white-tailed deer in an exurban park. MS thesis, University of Delaware.
81. Rhoads, C. L., J. L. Bowman, and B. Eyler. 2010. Home range and movement rates of female exurban white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Management 74:987-994.
82. Rogers, L. L. 1988. Homing tendencies of large mammals: A review. In Translocation of Wild Animals, eds. L. Nielsen and R. D. Brown, 76-92. Milwaukee, WI: Humane Society.
83. Rosenberry, C. S., L. I. Muller, and M. C. Conner. 2001. Movable, deer-proof fencing. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29:754-757.
84. Rudolph, B. A., W. F. Porter, and H. B. Underwood. 2000. Evaluating immunocontraception for managing suburban white-tailed deer in Irondequoit, New York. Journal of Wildlife Management 64:463-473.
85. Rutberg, A. T., R. E. Naugle, L. A. Thiele, and I. K. M. Liu. 2004. Effects of immunocontraception on a suburban population of white-tailed deer Odocoilieus virginianus. Biological Conservation 116:243-250.
86. Saalfeld, S. T. and S. S. Ditchkoff. 2007. Survival of neonatal white-tailed deer in an exurban population. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:940-944.
87. Schwartz, J. A., R. J. Warren, D. W. Henderson, D. A. Osborn, and D. J. Kessler. 1997. Captive and field tests of a method for immobilization and euthanasia of urban deer. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:532-541.
88. Smith, J. L., G. C. Wood, and E. J. Lengerich. 2005. Hunting-related shooting incidents in Pennsylvania, 1987-1999. Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection and Critical Care 58:582-590.
89. Storm, D. J., C. K. Nielsen, E. M. Schauber, and A. Woolf. 2007a. Deer-human conflict and hunter access in an exurban landscape. Human-Wildlife Conflicts 1:53-59.
90. Storm, D. J., C. K. Nielsen, E. M. Schauber, and A. Woolf. 2007b. Space use and survival of white-tailed deer in an exurban landscape. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1170-1176.
91. Stout, R. J., B. A. Knuth, and P. D. Curtis. 1997. Preferences of suburban landowners for deer management techniques: A step towards better communication. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:348-359.
92. Sullivan, T. P., L. O. Nordstrom, and D. S. Sullivan. 1985. Use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores II. Journal of Chemical Ecology 11:921-935.
93. Swihart, R. K. and A. J. DeNicola. 1997. Public involvement, science, management, and the overabundance of deer: Can we avoid a hostage crisis? Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:382-387.
94. Theobald, D. M. 2001. Land-use dynamics beyond the American urban fringe. Geographical Review 91:544-564.
95. Tilghman, N. G. 1989. Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsylvania. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:524-532.
96. Tymkiw, E. L. 2010. The effect of white-tailed deer density on breeding songbirds in Delaware. MS thesis, University of Delaware.
97. VerCauteren, K. C., M. J. Lavelle, and S. Hygnstrom. 2006. Fences and deer-damage management: A review of designs and efficacy. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:191-200.
98. Waller, D. M. and W. S. Alverson. 1997. The white-tailed deer: A keystone herbivore. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25:217-226.
99. Walter, W. D., P. J. Perkins, A. T. Rutberg, and H. J. Kilpatrick. 2002. Evaluation of immunocontraception in a free-ranging suburban white-tailed deer herd. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:186-192.
100. Ward, J. S. and S. C. Williams. 2010. Effectiveness of deer repellents in Connecticut. Human-Wildlife Interactions 41:56-66.
101. Warren, R. J. 1995. Should wildlife biologists be involved in wildlife contraception research and management? Wildlife Society Bulletin 23:441-444.
102. Warren, R. J. 2000. Fertility Control in Urban Deer: Questions and Answers. Gainesville, FL: American Archery Council Field Publication FP-1.