Settlement Dynamics and Hierarchy from Agent Decision-Making: a Method Derived from Entropy Maximization

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1122-1150

  Altaweel, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Agent based; Complexity; Entropy maximization; Modeling; Spatial interaction; Urbanism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84946066842     PISSN: 10725369     EISSN: 15737764     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10816-014-9219-6     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Adams, R. M. (2001). Complexity in archaic states. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 20(3), 345–360.
2. Algaze, G. (2008). Ancient Mesopotamia at the dawn of civilization: the evolution of an urban landscape. London: University of Chicago Press.
3. Altaweel, M. (2006). Excavations in Iraq: the Ray Jazirah Project, first report. Iraq, 68, 155–181.
4. Altaweel, M. (2007). Excavations in Iraq: the Jazirah Salvage Project, second report. Iraq, 69, 117–144.
5. Altaweel, M. (2008). The imperial landscape of Ashur: settlement and land use in the Assyrian heartland. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orientverlag.
6. ASTER. (2014). http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gdem.asp. Accessed 23 January 2014.
7. Batty, M. (2008). The size, scale, and shape of cities. Science, 319(5864), 769–771.
8. Bentley, R. A., & Maschner, H. D. G. (Eds.). (2003). Complex systems and archaeology: empirical and theoretical applications. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
9. Bentley, R. A., & Maschner, H. D. G. (2008). Complexity theory. In R. A. Bentley, H. D. G. Maschner, & C. Chippindale (Eds.), Handbook of archaeological theories (pp. 245–270). Lanham: Altamira.
10. Bevan, A., & Wilson, A. (2013). Models of spatial hierarchy based on partial evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40, 2415–2427.
11. Birkin, M., & Heppenstall, A. (2011). Extending spatial interaction models with agents for understanding relationships in a dynamic retail market. Urban Studies Research. doi:10.1155/2011/403969.
12. Bonabeau, E. (2002). Agent-based modeling: methods and techniques for simulating human systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 7280–7286.
13. Casti, J. L. (1985). Nonlinear system theory. Mathematics in science and engineering 175. London: Academic Press.
14. Christiansen, J., & Altaweel, M. (2006). Understanding ancient societies: a new approach using agent-based holistic modeling. Structure and Dynamics: eJournal of Anthropological and Related Sciences, 1(2), 7. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/33w3s07r.
15. Crema, E. R. (2013). A simulation model of fission-fusion and long-term settlement change. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. doi:10.1007/s10816-013-9185-4.
16. Dalley, S. (2002). Mari and Karana: two Old Babylonian cities. Piscataway: Gorgias Press.
17. Davies, T., Fry, H., Wilson, A., Palmisano, A., Altaweel, M., & Radner, K. (2014). Application of an entropy maximizing and dynamics model for understanding settlement structure: the Khabur Triangle in the Middle Bronze and Iron Ages. Journal of Archaeological Science, 43, 141–154.
18. Dearden, J., & Wilson, A. G. (2012). The relationship of dynamic entropy maximising and agent-based approaches in urban modelling. In A. Heppenstall, A. T. Crooks, L. See, & M. Batty (Eds.), Agent-based models of geographic systems (pp. 705–720). London: Springer.
19. Desrochers, P. (2001). Geographic proximity and the transmission of tacit knowledge. Review of Austrian Economics, 14, 25–46.
20. Drennan, R. D., & Peterson, C. E. (2004). Comparing archaeological settlement systems with rank-size graphs: a measure of shape and statistical confidence. Journal of Archaeological Science, 31, 533–549.
21. Eidem, J. (2012). The royal archives from Tell Leilan: Old Babylonian letters and treaties from the eastern lower town palace. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten.
22. Epstein, J. (2014). Agent-zero: toward neurocognitive foundations for generative social science. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
23. Epstein, J., & Axtell, R. (1996). Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom up. Cambridge: MIT Press.
24. Evans, S. (1982). Settlement models in archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 1, 275–304.
25. Falconer, S. E., & Savage, S. H. (1995). Heartlands and hinterlands: alternative trajectories of early urbanization in Mesopotamia and the Southern Levant. American Antiquity, 69(1), 37–58.
26. Fontenari, S., Franceschetti, S., Sorrentino, D., Mussi, F., Pasolli, M., Napolitano, M., & Flor, R. (2005). r.walk. GRASS GIS.
27. Guichard, M. (2009). Suduhum, un royaume d’Ida-Maraṣ et ses rois Yatar-malik, Hammi-kun et Amud-pa-El. In: E. Cancik-Kirschbaum, & N. Ziegler (Eds.), Entre les fleuves 1: Untersuchungen zur historischen Geographie Obermesopota- 72 miens im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr (pp. 75–120). Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient 20. Gladbeck: PeWe-Verlag.
28. Hamblin, W. J. (2006). Warfare in the ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy warriors at the dawn of history. New York: Routledge.
29. Harris, B., & Wilson, A. G. (1978). Equilibrium values and dynamics of attractiveness terms in production-constrained spatial interaction models. Environment and Planning A, 10, 371–388.
30. Java Apache Commons Mathematics Library. (2014). http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-math/. Accessed 05 July 2014.
31. Johnson, G. A. (1980). Rank-size convexity and system integration: a view from archaeology. Economic Geography, 56, 234–247.
32. Knappett, C., Evans, T., & Rivers, R. (2008). Modelling maritime interaction in the Aegean Bronze Age. Antiquity, 82, 1009–1024.
33. Kohler, T. A., & Varien, M. D. (2010). A scale model of seven hundred years of farming settlements in Southwestern Colorado. In M. S. Bandy & K. R. Fox (Eds.), Becoming villagers: comparing early village societies (pp. 37–61). Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
34. Kohler, T. A., Varien, M. D., Wright, A., & Kuckelman, K. A. (2008). New archaeological research and computer simulation suggest why ancestral Puebloans deserted the northern Southwest United States. American Scientist, 96, 146–153.
35. McNeil, W. H. (2000). Information and transportation nets in world history. In R. A. Denemark, J. Friedman, B. K. Gills, & G. Modelski (Eds.), World system history: the social science of long-term change (pp. 201–215). London: Routledge.
36. North, M. J., & Macal, C. M. (2007). Managing business complexity: discovering strategic solutions with agent-based modeling and simulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
37. Nystuen, J. D., & Dacey, M. F. (1961). A graph theory interpretation of nodal regions. Papers and Proceedings of the Regional Science Association, 7, 29–42.
38. Persson, K. G. (2010). An economic history of Europe: knowledge, institutions and growth, 600 to the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. R Project. (2014). http://www.r-project.org. Accessed 05 July 2014.
40. Radner, K. (2006). Provinz. C. Assyrien. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, 11/1–2, 42–68.
41. Radner, K. (2011). The Assur-Nineveh-Arbela Triangle: Central Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian period. In: P. Miglus, & S. Mühl, S. (Eds.), Between the cultures: the Central Tigris Region in Mesopotamia from the 3rd to the 1st Millennium BC (pp. 321–329). Heidelberger Studien zum Alten Orient 14. Heidelberg: Heidelberger Orient Verlag.
42. Repast Simphony. (2014). http://repast.sourceforge.net. Accessed 05 July 2014.
43. Savage, S. H. (1997). Assessing departures from log-normality in the rank-size rule. Journal of Archaeological Science, 24, 233–244.
44. Ur, J. (2003). CORONA satellite photography and ancient road networks: a Northern Mesopotamian case study. Antiquity, 77, 102–115.
45. Ur, J. (2010). Cycles of civilization in northern Mesopotamia, 4400–2000 bc. Journal of Archaeological Research, 18(4), 387–431.
46. Van der Mieroop, M. (1999). The ancient Mesopotamian city. New York: Oxford University Press.
47. Wilkinson, T. J. (1994). The structure and dynamics of dry-farming states in Upper Mesopotamia. Current Anthropology, 35(5), 483–520.
48. Wilkinson, T. J., & Tucker, D. J. (1995). Settlement development in the North Jazira, Iraq. Warminster: Aris & Phillips.
49. Wilkinson, T. J., Wilkinson, E. B., Ur, J., & Altaweel, M. (2005). Landscape and settlement in the Neo-Assyrian empire. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 340, 23–56.
50. Wilkinson, T. J., Christiansen, J. H., Ur, J., Widell, M., & Altaweel, M. (2007). Urbanization within a dynamic environment: modeling Bronze Age communities in Upper Mesopotamia. American Anthropologist, 109(1), 52–68.
51. Wilson, A. G. (1970). Entropy in urban and regional modelling. London: Pion.
52. Wilson, A. G. (2008). Boltzmann, Lotka and Volterra and spatial structural evolution: an integrated methodology for some dynamical systems. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 8, 865–871.
53. Wilson, A.G. (2012). Geographic modeling for archaeology and history: two case studies. Advances in Complex Systems, 15(1–2). DOI:10.1142/S0219525911003384
54. Zipf, G. K. (1949). Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.