Excess mortality among persons with type 2 diabetes

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 373, Issue 18, 2015, Pages 1720-1732

  Tancredi, Mauro ^a,e   Rosengren, Annika ^a   Svensson, Ann Marie ^b   Kosiborod, Mikhail ^f   Pivodic, Aldina ^c   Gudbjörnsdottir, Soffia ^a   Wedel, Hans ^d   Clements, Mark ^g,h   Dahlqvist, Sofia ^e   Lind, Marcus ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^b Center of Registers in Region Vastra Götaland   (Sweden)

^c Statistiska Konsultgruppen   (Sweden)

^d NORDIC SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Sweden)

^e UDDEVALLA HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^f Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI KANSAS CITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; GLUCOSE; GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; RENIN INHIBITOR; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; HUMAN; KIDNEY DISEASE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMOKING; BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CAUSE OF DEATH; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; REGISTER; RISK; SWEDEN;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; BLOOD GLUCOSE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CAUSE OF DEATH; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; REGISTRIES; RISK; SWEDEN;

EID: 84946049571     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: 15334406     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1504347     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011; 94: 311-21.
2. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1577-89.
3. Seshasai SR, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, and risk of cause-specific death. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 829-41.
4. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998; 317: 703-13.
5. Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 685-96.
6. Grant RW, Pirraglia PA, Meigs JB, Singer DE. Trends in complexity of diabetes care in the United States from 1991 to 2000. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1134-9.
7. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes - 2014. Diabetes Care 2014; 37: Suppl 1: S14-S80.
8. Annual report 2013. Gothenburg: Swedish National Diabetes Register (https:/ /www.ndr.nu/pdfs/Annual-Report-NDR-2013.pdf).
9. Lind M, Garcia-Rodriguez LA, Booth GL, et al. Mortality trends in patients with and without diabetes in Ontario, Canada and the UK from 1996 to 2009: a population-based study. Diabetologia 2013; 56: 2601-8.
10. Eberly LE, Cohen JD, Prineas R, Yang L. Impact of incident diabetes and incident nonfatal cardiovascular disease on 18-year mortality: the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial experience. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 848-54.
11. Mulnier HE, Seaman HE, Raleigh VS, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Colhoun HM, Lawrenson RA. Mortality in people with type 2 diabetes in the UK. Diabet Med 2006; 23: 516-21.
12. Gregg EW, Gu Q, Cheng YJ, Narayan KM, Cowie CC. Mortality trends in men and women with diabetes, 1971 to 2000. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147: 149-55.
13. Dale AC, Vatten LJ, Nilsen TI, Midthjell K, Wiseth R. Secular decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes mellitus: cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337: a236.
14. Eliasson M, Talbick M, Ros?n M. Improved survival in both men and women with diabetes between 1980 and 2004 a cohort study in Sweden. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2008; 7: 32.
15. Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD, et al. Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes. JAMA 2004; 292: 2495-9.
16. Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Saydah S, et al. Trends in death rates among U.S. adults with and without diabetes between 1997 and 2006: findings from the National Health Interview Survey. Diabetes Care 2012; 35: 1252-7.
17. Gulliford MC, Charlton J. Is relative mortality of type 2 diabetes mellitus decreasing? Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169: 455-61.
18. Carstensen B, Kristensen JK, Ottosen P, Borch-Johnsen K. The Danish National Diabetes Register: trends in incidence, prevalence and mortality. Diabetologia 2008; 51: 2187-96.
19. Lind M, Svensson AM, Kosiborod M, et al. Glycemic control and excess mortality in type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2014; 371: 1972-82.
20. Lind M, Olsson M, Rosengren A, Svensson AM, Bounias I, Gudbjörnsdottir S. The relationship between glycaemic control and heart failure in 83,021 patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2012; 55: 2946-53.
21. Olin O, Bihagen E, Rasmussen F, Ludvigsson JF. Socioeconomic position and education in patients with coeliac disease. Dig Liver Dis 2012; 44: 471-6.
22. Wettermark B, Hammar N, Fored CM, et al. The new Swedish Prescribed Drug Register - opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007; 16: 726-35.
23. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med 1999; 130: 461-70.
24. Lind M, Odin A, Fahlin M, Eliasson B. A systematic review of HbA1c variables used in the study of diabetic complications. Diabet Metab Synd Clin Res Rev 2008; 2: 282-93.
25. Statistics Sweden. Survey on living conditions in Sweden (http://www.scb.se/sv-/Hitta-statistik/Statistik-efter-amne/Levnadsforhallanden/Levnadsforhallanden/Undersokningarna-av-levnadsforhallanden-ULFSILC/#c-li-354235). (In Swedish.)
26. Parving HH, Mauer M, Ritz E. Diabetic nephropathy. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector's the kidney. 7th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2004: 1777 818.
27. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1343-50.
28. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837-53.
29. Stokes A, Mehta NK. Mortality and excess risk in US adults with pre-diabetes and diabetes: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts, 1988-2006. Popul Health Metr 2013; 11: 3.
30. Preis SR, Hwang SJ, Coady S, et al. Trends in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women and men with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study, 1950 to 2005. Circulation 2009; 119: 1728-35.