Deficiencies under plenty of sun: Vitamin D status among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013

North American Journal of Medical Sciences

Volumn 7, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 467-475

  Tuffaha, Marwa ^a   El Bcheraoui, Charbel ^a   Daoud, Farah ^a   Al Hussaini, Hessah Abdulla ^b   Alamri, Fahad ^b   Al Saeedi, Mohammad ^b   Basulaiman, Mohammed ^b   Memish, Ziad A ^b   AlMazroa, Mohammad A ^b   Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A ^b   Mokdad, Ali H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b MINISTRY OF HEALTH   (Saudi Arabia)

Author keywords

Deficiency; Saudi Arabia; Supplements; Vitamin D

Indexed keywords

GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; VITAMIN D;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SAUDI ARABIA; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

EID: 84946024979     PISSN: 22501541     EISSN: 19472714     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.168675     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Lips P. Vitamin D physiology. ProgBiophysMolBiol 2006;92:4-8.
2. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Staehelin HB, Orav JE, Stuck AE, Theiler R, et al. Fall prevention with supplemental and active forms of vitamin D: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2009;339:b3692.
3. Cranney A, Horsley T, O'Donnell S, Weiler H, Puil L, Ooi D, et al. Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep) 2007;1-235.
4. Takiishi T, Gysemans C, Bouillon R, Mathieu C. Vitamin D and diabetes. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012;38:179-206.
5. Cutolo M, Otsa K, Uprus M, Paolino S, Seriolo B. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2007;7:59-64.
6. Cao Y, Winzenberg T, Nguo K, Lin J, Jones G, Ding C. Association between serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013;52:1323-34.
7. Elsammak MY, Al-Wosaibi AA, Al-Howeish A, Alsaeed J. Vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabs. HormMetab Res 2010;42:364-8.
8. Elsammak MY, Al-Wossaibi AA, Al-Howeish A, Alsaeed J. High prevalence of vitamin D defi ciency in the sunny Eastern region of Saudi Arabia: A hospital-based study. East Mediterr Health J 2011;17:317-22.
9. El Bcheraoui C, Memish ZA, Tuffaha M, Daoud F, Robinson M, Jaber S, et al. Hypertension and its associated risk factors in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: A national survey. Int J Hypertens 2014;2014:564679.
10. Basulaiman M, El Bcheraoui C, Tuffaha M, Robinson M, Daoud F, Jaber S, et al. Hypercholesterolemia and its associated risk factors-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013. Ann Epidemiol 2014;24:801-8.
11. Memish ZA, El Bcheraoui C, Tuffaha M, Robinson M, Daoud F, Jaber S, et al. Obesity and associated factors-Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2014;11:E174.
12. El Bcheraoui C, Basulaiman M, Tuffaha M, Daoud F, Robinson M, Jaber S, et al. Status of the diabetes epidemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013. Int J Public Health 2014;59:1011-21.
13. Global Database on Body Mass Index-BMI classifi cation. World Health Organization. (Accessed December 22, 2014, at http://www.assessmentpsychology.com/icbmi.htm).
14. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1381-95.
15. National Heatlth and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Health Tech/Blood Pressure Procedures Manual. CDC; 2009. (Accessed December 22, 2014, at http://www.cdc. gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_09_10/BP.pdf).
16. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. (Accessed December 10, 2014, at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK56070/).
17. Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R. Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. OsteoporosInt 2005;16:713-6.
18. Gibson RS. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Oxford University Press; 2005.
19. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B. Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J ClinNutr 2006;84:18-28.
20. Norman AW, Bouillon R, Whiting SJ, Veith R, Lips P. 13th Workshop consensus for vitamin D nutritional guidelines. J SteroidBiochemMolBiol 2007;103:204-5.
21. Alshahrani F, Aljohani N. Vitamin D: Defi ciency, suffi ciency and toxicity. Nutrients 2013;5:3605-16.
22. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007;357:266-81.
23. Sadat-Ali M, AlElq A, Al-Turki H, Al-Mulhim F, Al-Ali A. Vitamin D levels in healthy men in eastern Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2009;29:378-82.
24. Naeem Z, Almohaimeed A, Sharaf FK, Ismail H, Shaukat F, Inam SB. Vitamin D status among population of Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2011;5:116-24.
25. Gröber U, Spitz J, Reichrath J, Kisters K, Holick MF. Vitamin D: Update 2013: From rickets prophylaxis to general preventive healthcare.Dermatoendocrinol 2013;5:331-47.
26. Osteoporosis and Musculoskeletal Disorders: Preventing Osteoporosis. 2014. (Accessed December 22, 2014, at http:// www.iofbonehealth.org/preventing-osteoporosis).
27. Bruyere O. Fracture prevention in postmenopausal women. Am Fam Physician 2005;71:2151-2.
28. Avenell A, Mak JC, O'Connell D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures in post-menopausal women and older men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 4:CD000227.
29. Sadat-Ali M, Al-Habdan IM, Al-Mulhim FA, El-Hassan AY. Bone mineral density among postmenopausal Saudi women. Saudi Med J 2004;25:1623-5.
30. Al-Turki HA, Sadat-Ali M, Al-Elq AH, Al-Mulhim FA, Al-Ali AK. 25-Hydoxyvitamin D levels among healthy Saudi Arabian women. Saudi Med J 2008;29:1765-8.
31. Hall LM, Kimlin MG, Aronov PA, Hammock BD, Slusser JR, Woodhouse LR, et al. Vitamin D intake needed to maintain target serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations in participants with low sun exposure and dark skin pigmentation is substantially higher than current recommendations. J Nutr 2010;140:542-50.
32. Don't seek the sun: Top reasons to get vitamin D from your diet. American Academy of Dermatology. (Accessed December 22, 2014, at https://www.aad.org/mediaresources/ stats-andfacts/prevention-and-care/vitamin-d).
33. Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D defi ciency: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2011;96:1911-30.
34. Sadat-Ali M, Al Elq A, Al-Farhan M, Sadat NA. Fortifi cation with vitamin D: Comparative study in the Saudi Arabian and US markets. J Family Community Med 2013; 20:49-52.