Three distinct mechanisms predominate in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in male professional football players: A systematic video analysis of 39 cases

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 49, Issue 22, 2015, Pages 1452-1460

  Waldén, Markus ^a,b   Krosshaug, Tron ^c   Bjørneboe, John ^c   Andersen, Thor Einar ^c   Faul, Oliver ^c   Hägglund, Martin ^a,b  

^a LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^b Football Research Group   (Sweden)

^c NORWEGIAN SCHOOL OF SPORT SCIENCES   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BIOMECHANICS; HUMAN; INJURIES; KNEE INJURIES; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; RUPTURE; SOCCER; SWEDEN; VIDEORECORDING;

ADULT; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES; ATHLETIC INJURIES; BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA; HUMANS; KNEE INJURIES; MALE; RUPTURE; SOCCER; SWEDEN; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 84945898023     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094573     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Busfield BT, Kharrazi FD, Starkey C, et al. Performance outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the National Basketball Association. Arthroscopy 2009; 25: 825-30.
2. Shah VM, Andrews JR, Fleisig GS, et al. Return to play after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in National Football League athletes. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38: 2233-9.
3. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Magnusson H, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite football: A prospective three-cohort study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2011; 19: 11-19.
4. Erickson BJ, Harris JD, Cvetanovich GL, et al. Performance and return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in male Major League Soccer players. Orthop J Sports Med 2013; 1: 2325967113497189.
5. Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Kristenson K, et al. Fewer ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries: An 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study. Br J Sports Med 2013; 47: 732-7.
6. Engebretsen L, Bahr R, Cook JL, et al. The IOC Centres of Excellence bring prevention to sports medicine. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 1270-5.
7. Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: A key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 324-9.
8. Krosshaug T, Andersen TE, Olsen OE, et al. Research approaches to describe the mechanisms of injuries in sports: Limitations and possibilities. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 330-9.
9. Ebstrup JF, Bojsen-Møller F. Anterior cruciate ligament injury in indoor ball games. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000; 10: 114-16.
10. Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: Video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med 2007; 35: 359-7.
11. Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, et al. Injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: A systematic video analysis. Am J Sports Med 2004; 32: 1002-12.
12. Cochrane JL, Lloyd DG, Buttfield A, et al. Characteristics of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in Australian football. J Sci Med Sport 2007; 10: 96-104.
13. Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JA Jr, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics 2000; 23: 573-8.
14. Boden BP, Torg JS, Knowles SB, et al. Video analysis of anterior cruciate ligament injury: Abnormalities in hip and ankle kinematics. Am J Sports Med 2009; 37: 252-9.
15. Brophy RH, Stepan J, Silvers HJ, et al. Defending puts the anterior cruciate ligament at risk during soccer: A gender-based analysis. Sports Health. Published Online First: 20 May 2014.
16. Ekstrand J, Hägglund M, Waldén M. Injury incidence and injury patterns in professional football: The UEFA Injury Study. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45: 553-8.
17. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Ekstrand J. UEFA Champions League study: A prospective study of injuries in professional football during the 2001-2002 season. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39: 542-6.
18. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Injuries among male and female elite football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 19: 819-27.
19. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Ekstrand J. Injuries in Swedish elite football-A prospective study on injury definitions, risk for injury and injury pattern during 2001. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2005; 15: 118-25.
20. Andersen TE, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Rule violations as a cause of injuries in male Norwegian professional football. Are the referees doing their job? Am J Sports Med 2004; 32(Suppl): S62-8.
21. Bjørneboe J, Bahr R, Andersen TE. Gradual increase in the risk of match injury in Norwegian male professional football: A 6-year prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24: 189-96.
22. Andersen TE, Larsen O, Tenga A, et al. Football incident analysis: A new video based method to describe injury mechanisms in professional football. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37: 226-32.
23. Bere T, Flørenes TW, Krosshaug T, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in World Cup alpine skiing: A systematic video analysis of 20 cases. Am J Sports Med 2011; 39: 1421-9.
24. Quatman CE, Hewett TE. The anterior cruciate ligament injury controversy: Is "valgus collapse" a sex-specific mechanism? Br J Sports Med 2009; 43: 328-35.
25. Faunø P, Wulff Jakobsen B. Mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. Int J Sports Med 2006; 27: 75-9.
26. Rochcongar P, Laboute E, Jan J, et al. Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in soccer. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30: 372-8.
27. Soligard T, Myklebust G, Steffen K, et al. Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: Cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008; 337: A2469.
28. Waldén M, Atroshi I, Magnusson H, et al. Prevention of acute knee injuries in adolescent female football players: Cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2012; 344: E3042.
29. Koga H, Nakamae A, Shima Y, et al. Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. Am J Sports Med 2010; 38: 2218-25.
30. Meyer EG, Haut RC. Anterior cruciate ligament injury induced by internal tibial torsion or tibiofemoral compression. J Biomech 2008; 41: 3377-83.
31. Koga H, Bahr R, Myklebust G, et al. Estimating anterior tibial translation from model-based image-matching of a noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury in professional football: A case report. Clin J Sport Med 2011; 21: 271-4.
32. Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden B, et al. Estimating 3D joint kinematics from video sequences of running and cutting maneuvers-Assessing the accuracy of simple visual inspection. Gait Posture 2007; 26: 378-85.
33. Alentorn-Geli E, Myer GD, Silvers HJ, et al. Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: Mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009; 17: 705-29.
34. Orchard J, Seward H, McGivern J, et al. Rainfall, evaporation and the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in the Australian Football League. Med J Aust 1999; 170: 304-6.
35. Waldén M, Hägglund M, Orchard J, et al. Regional differences in injury incidence in European professional football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 23: 424-30.