3D characterization of fracture systems using Terrestrial Laser Scanning: An example from the Lewisian basement of NW Scotland

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 421, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 125-141

  Pless, J C ^a,b   McCaffrey, K J W ^a   Jones, R R ^c   Holdsworth, R E ^a   Conway, A ^b   Krabbendam, M ^d  

^a DURHAM UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ConocoPhillips UK Ltd ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c Geospatial Research Limited   (United Kingdom)

^d BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84945244856     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/SP421.14     Document Type: Chapter

References (30)

1. Aguilera, R. 1995. Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. 2nd edn. PennWell, Tulsa, OK.
2. Ahlgren, S. & Holmlund, J. 2003. Using 3-D outcrop laserscans for fracture analysis. AAPG Search & Discovery article no. 40099.
3. Beacom, L. E. 1999. The kinematic evolution of reactivated and non-reactivated Faults in Basement Rocks, NW Scotland. PhD thesis, Queen's University.
4. Beacom, L., Holdsworth, R. E., McCaffrey, K. J. W. & Anderson, T. 2001. A quantitative study of the influence of pre-existing compositional and fabric heterogeneities upon fracture zone development during basement reactivation. In: Holdsworth, R. E., Strachan, R. A., Magloughlin, J. F. & Knipe, R. J. (eds) The Nature and Tectonic Significance of Fault Zone Weakening. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 186, 195-211, http://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.186.01.12
5. Bellian, J. A., Kerans, C. & Jennette, D. C. 2005. Digital outcrop models: applications of terrestrial scanning Lidar technology in stratigraphic modeling. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 75, 166-176, http://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2005.013
6. Buckley, S. J., Howell, J. A., Enge, H. D. & Kurz, T. H. 2008. Terrestrial laser scanning in geology: data acquisition, processing and accuracy considerations. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 165, 625-638, http://doi.org/10.1144/0016-76492007-100
7. Coney, D., Fyfe, T. B., Retail, P. & Smith, P. J. 1993. Clair appraisal: the benefits of a co-operative approach. In: Parker, J. R. (ed.) Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference. Geological Society, London, 1409-1420, http://doi.org/10.1144/0041409
8. Falt, U., Guerin, G., Retail, P. & Evans, M. 1992. Clair discovery: evaluation of natural fracturation in a horizontal well drilled in the basement and producing from overlying sediments. In: European Petroleum Conference, 16-18 November, Cannes, France, 11-21.
9. Friend, C. R. L. & Kinny, P. 2001. A reappraisal of the Lewisian Gneiss Complex: geochronological evidence for its tectonic assembly from disparate terranes in the Proterozoic. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 142, 198-218.
10. Gillespie, P. A., Howard, C. B., Walsh, J. J. & Watterson, J. 1993. Measurement and characterisation of spatial distributions of fractures. Tectonophysics, 226, 113-141.
11. Hodgetts, D. 2013. Laser scanning and digital outcrop geology in the petroleum industry: a review. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 46, 335-354, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.02.014
12. Jones, R. R., Wawrzyniec, T. F., Holliman, N. S., McCaffrey, K. J. W., Imber, J. & Holdsworth, R. E. 2008. Describing the dimensionality of geospatial data in the earth sciences-recommendations for nomenclature. Geosphere, 4, 354-359, http://doi.org/10.1130/ges00158.1
13. Kerans, C., Lucia, F. J. & Senger, R. K. 1994. Integrated characterization of carbonate ramp reservoirs using Permian San Andres formation outcrop analogs. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 78, 181-216.
14. Kinny, P. D. & Friend, C. R. L. 1997. U-Pb isotopic evidence for the accretion of different crustal blocks to form the Lewisian Complex of northwest Scotland. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 129, 326-340.
15. Kinny, P. D., Friend, C. R. L. & Love, G. J. 2005. Proposal for a terrane-based nomenclature for the Lewisian Gneiss Complex of NW Scotland. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 162, 175-186, http://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764903-149
16. Kokkalas, S., Jones, R. R., McCaffrey, K. J. W. & Clegg, P. 2007. Quantitative fault analysis at Arkitsa, Central Greece, using terrestrial laser-scanning (LiDAR). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 37, 1-14.
17. McCaffrey, K. J. W., Jones, R. R. 2005. Unlocking the spatial dimension: digital technologies and the future of geoscience fieldwork. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161, 927-938, http://doi.org/10.1144/0016-764905-017
18. McCaffrey, K. J. W., Feely, M., Hennessy, R. & Thompson, J. 2008. Visualization of folding in marble outcrops, Connemara, western Ireland: an application of virtual outcrop technology. Geosphere, 4, 588-599, http://doi.org/10.1130/ges00147.1
19. Nelson, R. A. 1985. Geological Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. Gulf, Houston, TX.
20. Odling, N. E., Gillespie, P. 1999. Variations in fracture system geometry and their implications for fluid flow in fractures hydrocarbon reservoirs. Petroleum Geoscience, 5, 373-384, http://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.5.4.373
21. Olariu, M. I., Ferguson, J. F., Aiken, C. L. V. & Xu, X. M. 2008. Outcrop fracture characterization using terrestrial laser scanners: deep-water Jackfork sandstone at Big Rock Quarry, Arkansas. Geosphere, 4, 247-259, http://doi.org/10.1130/Ges00139.1
22. Park, R. G., Stewart, A. D. & Wright, D. T. 2002. The Hebridean Terrane. In: Trewin, N. H. (ed.) The Geology of Scotland. Geological Society, London, 45-80.
23. Pickering, G., Bull, J. M. & Sanderson, D. J. 1995. Sampling power-law distributions. Tectonophysics, 248, 1-20.
24. Pless, J. C. 2012. Characterising fractured basement using the Lewisian Gneiss Complex, NW Scotland: implications for fracture systems in the Clair Field basement. Durham University, PhD thesis, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3489/
25. Roberts, A. M. & Holdsworth, R. E. 1999. Linking onshore and offshore structures: Mesozoic extension in the Scottish Highlands. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 156, 1061-1064, http://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.156.6.1061
26. Seers, T. D. & Hodgetts, D. 2014. Comparison of digital outcrop and conventional data collection approaches for the characterization of naturally fractured reservoir rocks. In: Spence, G. H., Redfern, J., Aguilera, R., Bevan, T. G., Cosgrove, J. W., Couples, G. D. & Daniel, J.-M. (eds) Advances in the Study of Fractured Reservoirs. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 374, 51-77, http://doi.org/10.1144/SP374.13
27. Trinks, I., Clegg, P. 2006. Mapping and analysing virtual outcrops. Visual Geosciences, 10, 13-19.
28. Wheeler, R. L. & Dixon, J. M. 1980. Intensity of systematic joints: methods and applications. Geology, 8, 230-233.
29. Wilson, C. E., Aydin, A. 2011. From outcrop to flow simulation: constructing discrete fracture models from a LIDAR survey. AAPG Bulletin, 95, 1883-1905, http://doi.org/10.1306/03241108148
30. Woodcock, N. H. & Strachan, R. A. 2000. Geological History of Britain and Ireland. Blackwell Science, Oxford.