Smart fatigue load control on the large-scale wind turbine blades using different sensing signals

Renewable Energy

Volumn 87, Issue , 2016, Pages 111-119

  Zhang, Mingming ^a   Tan, Bin ^a   Xu, Jianzhong ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING THERMOPHYSICS   (China)

Author keywords

Fatigue load; Flow blade interaction; Offshore wind energy; Sensing signal; Smart rotor control

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC LOAD MANAGEMENT; FATIGUE DAMAGE; FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION; SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO; TURBOMACHINE BLADES; WIND; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINES;

FATIGUE LOADS; FLOW-BLADE INTERACTION; OFF-SHORE WIND ENERGY; SENSING SIGNALS; SMART ROTOR CONTROLS;

TURBINE COMPONENTS;

CONTROL SYSTEM; EQUIPMENT COMPONENT; FATIGUE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OFFSHORE APPLICATION; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; POWER GENERATION; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINE; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 84944895715     PISSN: 09601481     EISSN: 18790682     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.10.011     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Burton T., Sharpe D., Jenkins N., Bossanyi E. Wind Energy Handbook 2001, Springer.
2. Chopra I. Review of state of art of smart structures and integrated systems. AIAA J. 2002, 40:145-187.
3. van Dam C.P., Chow R., Zayas J.R., Berg D.E. Computational investigation of small deploying tabs and flaps for aerodynamic load control. J. Phys. 2007, 75:012027.
4. Stanewsky E. Adaptive wind and flow control technology. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 2008, 37:583-667.
5. Kota S. Variable geometry airfoils and active flow control. Proceedings of the IEA Topical Expert Meeting on the Application of Smart Structures for Large Wind Turbine Rotor Blades 2008, Sandia National Labs, Alberquerque, NM, USA.
6. Tongchitpakdee C., Benjanirat S., Sankar L.N. Numerical studies of the effects of active and passive circulation enhancement concepts on wind turbine performance. J. Sol. Energ-T ASME 2006, 128(4):432-444.
7. Vadillo L., Agarwal R., Cary A., Bower W. Numerical study of virtual aerodynamic shape modification of an airfoil using a synthetic jet actuator. 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, Orlando, FL, USA 2003.
8. Barlas T.K., van Kuik G.A.M. Review of state of the art in smart rotor control research for wind turbines. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 2010, 46:1-27.
9. Buhl T., Gaunaa M., Bak C. Potential load reduction using airfoils with variable trailing edge geometry. J. Sol. Energy-T ASME 2005, 127:503-516.
10. Barlas T.K., Madsen H.A. Influence of actuator dynamics on the load reduction potential of wind turbines with distributed controllable rubber trailing edge flaps (CRTEF). 22nd International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, Corfu, Greece October 10-12; 2011.
11. Smit J., Bernhammer L.O., Navalkar S., Bergami L., Gaunaa M. Sizing and control of trailing edge flaps on a smart rotor for maximum power generation in low fatigue wind regimes. 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, National Harbor, Maryland, USA January 13-17; 2014.
12. Wilson D.G., Berg D.E., Barone M.F., Berg J.C., Resor B.R., Lobiz D.W. Active aerodynamic blade control design for load reduction on large wind turbines. European Wind Conference & Exhibition, Marseille, France March 16-19; 2009.
13. Lackner M.A., van Kuik G.A.M. A comparison of smart rotor control approaches using trailing edge flaps and individual pitch control. Wind Energy 2010, 13:117-134.
14. Barlas T.K., van der Veen G.J., van Kuik G.A.M. Model predictive control for wind turbines with distributed active flaps: incorporating inflow signals and actuator constraints. Wind Energy 2012, 15:757-771.
15. Houtzager I., van Wingerden J.W., Verhaegen M. Rejection of periodic wind disturbances on a smart rotor test section using lifted repetitive control. IEEE T Contr Sys T 2013, 21:347-359.
16. Plumley C., Leithead W., Jamieson P., Bossanyi E., Graham M. Comparison of individual pitch and smart rotor control strategies for load reduction. J. Phys. 2014, 524:012054.
17. Andersen P.B., Henriksen L., Gaunaa M., Bak C., Buhl T. Deformable trailing edge flaps for modern megawatt wind turbine controllers using strain gauge sensors. Wind Energy 2010, 13:193-206.
18. Lackner M.A., van Kuik G.A.M. The performance of wind turbine smart rotor control approaches during extreme loads. J. Sol. Energy-T ASME 2010, 132. 011008-1-8.
19. Bergami L. Adaptive Trailing Edge Flaps for Active Load Alleviation in a Smart Rotor Configuration 2013, (Ph.D. Thesis), Technical University of Denmark.
20. Zhang M.M., Yu W., Xu J.Z. Aerodynamic physics of smart load control for wind turbine due to extreme wind shear. Renew. Energy 2014, 70:204-210.
21. Zhang M.M., Tan B., Xu J.Z. Parametric study of sizing and placement of deformable trailing edge flap on the blade fatigue load reduction. Renew. Energy 2015, 77:217-226.
22. van Wingerden J.W., Hulskamp A.W., Barlas T., Marrant B., van Kuik G.A.M., Molenaar D.P., et al. On the proof of concept of a 'smart' wind turbine rotor blade for load alleviation. Wind Energy 2008, 11:265-280.
23. Madsen H.A., Andersen P.B., Andersen T.L., Bak C., Buhl T. The potentials of the controllable rubber trailing edge flap (CRTEF). 2010 European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, Warsaw, Poland April 20-23; 2010.
24. Hulskamp A.W., van Wingerden J.W., Barlas T., Champliaud H., van Kuik G.A.M., Bersee H.E.N., et al. Design of a scaled wind turbine with a smart rotor for dynamic load control experiments. Wind Energy 2011, 14:339-354.
25. Castaignet D., Couchman I., Poulsen N.K., Buhl T., Wedel-Heinen J.J. Frequency-weighted model predictive control of trailing edge flaps on a wind turbine blade. IEEE T Contr Sys T 2013, 21:1105-1116.
26. Berg J.C., Barone M.F., Yoder N.C. SMART Wind Turbine Rotor: Data Analysis and Conclusions 2014, SAND2014-0712, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NW, USA.
27. Abdallah I. Advance Load Alleviation for Wind Turbines Using Adaptive Trailing Edge Geometry: Sensoring Techniques 2006, (M.Sc Thesis), Technical University of Denmark.
28. Andersen P.B. Advanced Load Alleviation for Wind Turbines Using Adaptive Trailing Edge Flaps: Sensing and Control 2010, (Ph.D. Thesis), Technical University of Denmark.
29. Gaunaa M., Andersen P.B. Load reduction using pressure difference on airfoil for control of trailing edge flaps. European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition, Marseille, France March 16-19; 2009.
30. Cooperman A., Martinez M. Load monitoring for active control of wind turbines. Renw Sust. Energ Rev. 2015, 41:189-201.
31. Jonkman J., Butterfield S., Musial W., Scott G. NREL Technical Report 2009, NREL/TP-500-38060, Golden, CO, USA.
32. Wind Turbines-Part 1: Design Requirements 2005, International Electro-technical Commission (IEC), IEC 61400-1. third ed.
33. Yu W., Zhang M.M., Xu J.Z. Effect of smart rotor control using a deformable trailing edge flap on load reduction under normal and extreme turbulence. Energies 2012, 5:3608-3626.
34. Jonkman B.J. Turbsim User's Guide, Version 1.50 2009, NREL/TP-500-46198, Technical Report for NREL, Golden, CO, USA.
35. NWTC Design Codes 2005, NREL, Golden, CO, USA. http://wind.nrel.gov/designcodes/simulators/aerodyn/.
36. van Rooij RPJO M. Technical Report IW-96087R 1996, Delft University of Technology.
37. NWTC Design Codes 2005, NREL, Golden, CO, USA. http://wind.nrel.gov/designcodes/simulators/fast/.
38. Smit J., Bernhammer L.O., Navalkar S., Bergami L., Gaunaa M. Sizing and control of trailing edge flaps on a smart rotor for maximum power generation in low fatigue wind regimes. 32nd ASME Wind Energy Symposium, National Harbor, Maryland, USA January 13-17; 2014.
39. Zhang M.M., Cheng L., Zhou Y. Control of poststall airfoil aerodynamics based on surface perturbation. AIAA J. 2008, 46:2510-2519.
40. Zhang M.M., Cheng L., Zhou Y. Asynchronous control of vortex-induced acoustic cavity resonance using imbedded piezo-electric actuators. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2009, 126:36-45.
41. Zhang M.M., Xu J.Z. Active control of fluctuating pressure induced by blade-vortex interaction. Sci. China Technol. S. C. 2011, 54(4):862-868.