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Volumn 53, Issue , 2016, Pages 1626-1633

Powering sustainable low-carbon economies: Some facts and figures

Author keywords

CO2 emissions; Costs; Natural resources; Nuclear energy; Renewable energy

Indexed keywords

CARBON CAPTURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COAL STORAGE; ECONOMICS; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS; GAS EMISSIONS; GAS PLANTS; INVESTMENTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY; NUCLEAR FUELS; SOLAR ENERGY;

EID: 84944809911     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: 18790690     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.067     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (69)
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    • 210 trillion cubic meters of proved recoverable reserves (page 3.25) plus 340 trillion cubic meters of risked recoverable unconventional gas reserves, i.e. shale, hydrates, tight gas and coalbed methane (pages 3.67 and 3.69). Total=550 trillion cubic meter
    • World Energy Council. World energy resources - 2013 Survey; 210 trillion cubic meters of proved recoverable reserves (page 3.25) plus 340 trillion cubic meters of risked recoverable unconventional gas reserves, i.e. shale, hydrates, tight gas and coalbed methane (pages 3.67 and 3.69). Total=550 trillion cubic meter; 2013.
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    • Table 1, page 4 - total installed capacity in IEA wind member countries is 268.84 GW for a total annual output of 541.7 TWh. From these two numbers it is concluded that the average capacity factor is 23% (541,700/268.84×8760=0.23)
    • International Energy Agency. IEA wind - 2013 annual report, Table 1, page 4 - total installed capacity in IEA wind member countries is 268.84 GW for a total annual output of 541.7 TWh. From these two numbers it is concluded that the average capacity factor is 23% (541,700/268.84×8760=0.23); 2013.
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    • Wind capacity is 32.513 GW. Total annual output is 47.2 TWh. From these numbers it is concluded that the average German capacity factors of wind is 16.5%
    • Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems. Electricity production from solar and wind in Germany in 2013. Wind capacity is 32.513 GW. Total annual output is 47.2 TWh. From these numbers it is concluded that the average German capacity factors of wind is 16.5%; 2013.
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    • Solar capacity is 35.651 GW. Total annual output is 29.7 TWh. From these numbers it is concluded that the average German capacity factors of solar is 9.5%
    • Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems. Electricity production from solar and wind in Germany in 2013. Solar capacity is 35.651 GW. Total annual output is 29.7 TWh. From these numbers it is concluded that the average German capacity factors of solar is 9.5%; 2013.
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    • Solar photovoltaic generated 160 billion kWh in 2013. Assuming that photovoltaic capacity increased linearly in 2013 from 100 GWe to 139 GWe, the average capacity was about 120 GWe. From these numbers it is concluded that the average photovoltaic capacity factor of 15%
    • International Energy Agency. Technology roadmap - solar photovoltaic energy - 2014 edition, page 18 - Solar photovoltaic generated 160 billion kWh in 2013. Assuming that photovoltaic capacity increased linearly in 2013 from 100 GWe to 139 GWe, the average capacity was about 120 GWe. From these numbers it is concluded that the average photovoltaic capacity factor of 15%; 2014.
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    • Nuclear Energy Agency. Uranium 2014: resources, production and demand, NEA-7209. The total identified conventional resources are currently estimated at 7.6 million tonnes whereas the total undiscovered conventional resources (prognosticated resources and speculative resources) are estimated at 7.7 million tonnes. In addition to conventional resources the estimated total unconventional uranium resources (not including uranium in seawater) are currently estimated at 7.3-8.4 million tonnes; 2014.
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.