Broad hepatitis C treatment scenarios return substantial health gains, but capacity is a concern

Health Affairs

Volumn 34, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 1666-1674

  Van Nuys, Karen ^a   Brookmeyer, Ronald ^b   Chou, Jacquelyn W ^a   Dreyfus, David ^c   Dieterich, Douglas ^d   Goldman, Dana P ^e  

^a PRECISION HEALTH ECONOMICS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c Arete Analytics   (United States)

^d MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PEGINTERFERON ALPHA; RIBAVIRIN;

ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; ECONOMIC ASPECT; HEALTH CARE COST; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; PREVALENCE; QUALITY OF LIFE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT PLANNING; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ECONOMICS; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; UNITED STATES;

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HEALTH CARE COSTS; HEALTH EXPENDITURES; HEPATITIS C; HUMANS; MODELS, STATISTICAL; QUALITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84944474635     PISSN: 02782715     EISSN: 15445208     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2014.1193     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Denniston MM, Jiles RB, Drobeniuc J, Klevens RM, Ward JW, McQuillan GM, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2010. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(5):293-300.
2. Xu F, Tong X, Leidner AJ. Hospitalizations and costs associated with hepatitis C and advanced liver disease continue to increase. Health Aff(Millwood). 2014;33(10):1728-35.
3. McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML, Muir AJ, Galler GW, McCone J, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(6):580-93.
4. Afdhal N, Reddy KR, Nelson DR, Lawitz E, Gordon SC, SchiffE, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for previously treated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(16): 1483-93.
5. Afdhal N, Zeuzem S, Kwo P, Chojkier M, Gitlin N, Puoti M, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for untreated HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(20):1889-98.
6. Kowdley KV, Gordon SC, Reddy KR, Rossaro L, Bernstein DE, Lawitz E, et al. Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for 8 or 12 weeks for chronic HCV without cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(20):1879-88.
7. Waxman HA, Pallone F Jr, DeGette D. Letter to John C. Martin [Internet]. Washington (DC): House Committee on Energy and Commerce; 2014 Mar 20 [cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from: http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Martin-Gilead-Sciences-Hepatitis-CDrug-Sovaldi-Pricing-2014-3-20.pdf
8. Editorial Board. How much should hepatitis C treatment cost? New York Times. 2014 Mar 15.
9. Herper M. The most important new drug of 2013. Forbes [serial on the Internet]. 2013 Dec 26 [cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from: http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2013/12/26/themost-important-new-drug-of-2013/
10. Food and Drug Administration. Frequently asked questions: breakthrough therapies [Internet]. Silver Spring (MD): FDA; [last updated 2015May 6; cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from:. http://www.fda.gov/RegulatoryInformation/Legislation/FederalFoodDrugandCosmeticActFDCAct/SignificantAmendmentstotheFDCAct/FDASIA/ucm341027.htm.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis: hepatitis C FAQs for health professionals [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; [last updated 2015 May 31; cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm
12. CMS.gov. Decision memo for screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in adults (CAG-00436N) [Internet]. Baltimore (MD): Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; 2014 [cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from: http://www.cms.gov/medicarecoverage-database/details/ncadecision-memo.aspx?NCAId=272
13. Yaphe S, BozinoffN, Kyle R, Shivkumar S, Pai NP, Klein M. Incidence of acute hepatitis C virus infection among men who have sex with men with and without HIV infection: a systematic review. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(7):558-64.
14. Suryaprasad AG, White JZ, Xu F, Eichler BA, Hamilton J, Patel A, et al. Emerging epidemic of hepatitis C virus infections among young nonurban persons who inject drugs in the United States, 2006-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(10):1411-9.
15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis C virus infection among adolescents and young adults: Massachusetts, 2002-2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(17):537-41.
16. Biggins SW, Bambha KM, Terrault NA, Inadomi J, Shiboski S, Dodge JL, et al. Projected future increase in aging hepatitis C virus-infected liver transplant candidates: a potential effect of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2012;18(12):1471-8.
17. Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Weinbaum CM, Sabin M, Smith BD, Lesesne SB. Forecasting the morbidity and mortality associated with prevalent cases of pre-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C in the United States. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(1):66-72.
18. McCombs JS, Yuan Y, Shin J, Saab S. Economic burden associated with patients diagnosed with hepatitis C. Clin Ther. 2011;33(9):1268-80.
19. Davis KL, Mitra D, Medjedovic J, Beam C, Rustgi V. Direct economicburden of chronic hepatitis C virus in a United States managed care population. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011; 45(2):e17-24.
20. El Khoury AC, Klimack WK, Wallace C, Razavi H. Economic burden of hepatitis C-associated diseases in the United States. J Viral Hepat. 2012;19(3):153-60.
21. Davis GL, Alter MJ, El-Serag H, Poynard T, Jennings LW. Aging of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons in the United States: a multiple cohort model of HCV prevalence and disease progression. Gastroenterology. 2010;138(2):513-21, 521.e1-6.
22. El Khoury AC, Vietri J, Prajapati G. The burden of untreated hepatitis C virus infection: a US patients' perspective. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57(11): 2995-3003.
23. Martin NK, Vickerman P, Grebely J, Hellard M, Hutchinson SJ, Lima VD, et al. Hepatitis C virus treatment for prevention among people who inject drugs: modeling treatment scale-up in the age of direct-acting antivirals. Hepatology. 2013;58(5):1598-609.
24. Elbasha EH. Model for hepatitis C virus transmissions. Math Biosci Eng. 2013;10(4):1045-65.
25. Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, SeeffLB. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1335-74.
26. Friedman SL, Bansal MB. Reversal of hepatic fibrosis-fact or fantasy? Hepatology. 2006;43(2 Suppl 1): S82-8.
27. Wright TL. Treatment of patients with hepatitis C and cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2002;36(5 Suppl 1): S185-94.
28. Denniston MM, Klevens RM, McQuillan GM, Jiles RB. Awareness of infection, knowledge of hepatitis C, and medical follow-up among individuals testing positive for hepatitis C: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008. Hepatology. 2012;55(6): 1652-61.
29. Smith BD, Morgan RL, Beckett GA, Falck-Ytter Y, Holtzman D, Teo CG, et al. Recommendations for the identification of chronic hepatitis C virus infection among persons born during 1945-1965. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2012;61(RR-4):1-32.
30. Volk ML, Tocco R, Saini S, Lok AS. Public health impact of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C in the United States. Hepatology. 2009;50(6): 1750-5.
31. Kabiri M, Jazwinski AB, Roberts MS, Schaefer AJ, Chhatwal J. The changing burden of hepatitis C virus infection in the United States: model-based predictions. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(3):170-80.
32. Mitruka K, Thornton K, Cusick S, Orme C, Moore A, Manch RA, et al. Expanding primary care capacity to treat hepatitis C virus infection through an evidence-based care model-Arizona and Utah, 2012-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(18):393-8.
33. Grabowski HG, Vernon JM. Brand loyalty, entry, and price competition in pharmaceuticals after the 1984 Drug Act. J Law Econ. 1992;35(2): 331-50.
34. Tirrell M. Pricing wars heat up over hepatitis C drugs. CNBC [serial on the Internet]. 2015 Feb 4 [cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from: http://www.cnbc.com/id/102396903
35. Hirth RA, Chernew ME, Miller E, Fendrick AM, Weissert WG. Willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year: in search of a standard. Med Decis Making. 2000;20(3):332-42.
36. Neumann PJ, Cohen JT, Weinstein MC. Updating cost-effectiveness-the curious resilience of the $50, 000-per-QALY threshold. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(9):796-7.
37. Lakdawalla D, Sood N, Goldman D. HIV breakthroughs and risky sexual behavior. Q J Econ. 2006;121(3): 1063-102.
38. Su J, Brook RA, Kleinman NL, CoreyLisle P. The impact of hepatitis C virus infection on work absence, productivity, and healthcare benefit costs. Hepatology. 2010;52(2):436-42.
39. Manne V, Sassi K, Allen R, Saab S. Hepatitis C and work impairment: a review of current literature. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(7):595-9.
40. Younossi ZM, Jiang Y, Smith NJ, Stepanova M, Beckerman R. Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir regimens for chronic hepatits C infection: insights from a work productivity economic model from the United States. Hepatology. 2015;61(5):1471-8.
41. DiMasi JA. Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: new estimates of R&D costs [Internet]. Boston (MA): Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development; 2014 Nov 18 [cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from:. http://csdd.tufts.edu/files/uploads/Tufts_CSDD_briefing_on_RD_cost_study_-_Nov_18,_2014.pdf.
42. Sachs J. The drug that is bankrupting America. Huffington Post [serial on the Internet]. 2015 Feb 16 [cited 2015Jul 10]. Available from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeffreysachs/the-drug-that-is-bankrupt_b_6692340.html
43. Hagan LM, Sulkowski MS, Schinazi RF. Cost analysis of sofosbuvir/ribavirin versus sofosbuvir/simeprevir for genotype 1 hepatitis C virus in interferon-ineligible/intolerant individuals. Hepatology. 2014;60(1): 37-45.
44. Saab S, Gordon SC, Park H, Sulkowski M, Ahmed A, Younossi Z. Cost-effectiveness analysis of sofosbuvir plus peginterferon/ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;40(6): 657-75.
45. Younossi ZM, Singer ME, Mir HM, Henry L, Hunt S. Impact of interferon free regimens on clinical and cost outcomes for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients. J Hepatol. 2014;60(3):530-7.
46. Rein DB, Wittenborn JS, Smith BD, Liffmann DK, Ward JW. The costeffectiveness, health benefits, and financial costs of new antiviral treatments for hepatitis C virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(2):157-68.
47. Razavi H, Elkhoury AC, Elbasha E, Estes C, Pasini K, Poynard T, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden and cost in the United States. Hepatology. 2013; 57(6):2164-70.
48. Viohl and Associates. The Sovaldi® squeeze: high costs force tough state decisions [Internet]. Washington (DC): Medicaid Health Plans of America; 2014 Sep 29 [cited 2015 Jul 10]. Available from:. http://www.mhpa.org/_upload/SovaldiSqueeze-Oct2014.pdf.
49. Arora S, Thornton K, Murata G, Deming P, Kalishman S, Dion D, et al. Outcomes of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by primary care providers. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364(23):2199-207.