A 2-year randomized controlled trial of human caloric restriction: Feasibility and effects on predictors of health span and longevity

Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

Volumn 70, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 1097-1104

  Ravussin, Eric ^a   Redman, Leanne M ^a   Rochon, James ^b,c   Das, Sai Krupa ^d   Fontana, Luigi ^e,f,g   Kraus, William E ^b   Romashkan, Sergei ^h   Williamson, Donald A ^a   Meydani, Simin N ^d   Villareal, Dennis T ^e   Smith, Steven R ^a,i   Stein, Richard I ^e   Scott, Tammy M ^d   Stewart, Tiffany M ^a   Saltzman, Edward ^d   Klein, Samuel ^e   Bhapkar, Manju ^b   Martin, Corby K ^a   Gilhooly, Cheryl H ^d   Holloszy, John O ^e   Hadley, Evan C ^h   Roberts, Susan B ^d   more..

^a PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b DUKE CLINICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c Rho Federal Systems   (United States)

^d TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f Brescia University School of Medicine   (Italy)

^g CEINGE BIOTECNOLOGIE AVANZATE   (Italy)

^h Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics   (United States)

ⁱ FLORIDA HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Caloric restriction; Metabolism; Nutrition; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; LIOTHYRONINE; LIPID; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ADULT; ANALYSIS; BASAL METABOLIC RATE; BLOOD; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY TEMPERATURE; CALORIC INTAKE; CALORIC RESTRICTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FEMALE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; LONGEVITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TIME; WEIGHT REDUCTION; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; BASAL METABOLISM; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY TEMPERATURE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; CALORIC RESTRICTION; ENERGY INTAKE; FEASIBILITY STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; LIPIDS; LONGEVITY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; TIME FACTORS; TRIIODOTHYRONINE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; WEIGHT LOSS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84943239001     PISSN: 10795006     EISSN: 1758535X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv057     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Speakman JR, Mitchell SE. Caloric restriction. Mol Aspects Med. 2011;32:159-221. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2011.07.001
2. Bodkin NL, Alexander TM, Ortmeyer HK, Johnson E, Hansen BC. Mortality and morbidity in laboratory-maintained Rhesus monkeys and effects of longterm dietary restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58:212-219.
3. Mattison JA, Roth GS, Beasley TM, et al. Impact of caloric restriction on health and survival in rhesus monkeys from the NIA study. Nature. 2012;489:318-321. doi:10.1038/nature11432
4. Colman RJ, Beasley TM, Kemnitz JW, Johnson SC, Weindruch R, Anderson RM. Caloric restriction reduces age-related and all-cause mortality in rhesus monkeys. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3557. doi:10.1038/ncomms4557
5. Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Caloric restriction in humans. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42(8):709-712.
6. Das SK, Saltzman E, Gilhooly CH, et al. Low or moderate dietary energy restriction for long-term weight loss: what works best? Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17:2019-2024. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.120
7. Heilbronn LK, de Jonge L, Frisard MI, et al; Pennington CALERIE Team. Effect of 6-month calorie restriction on biomarkers of longevity, metabolic adaptation, and oxidative stress in overweight individuals: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;295:1539-1548.
8. Weiss EP, Racette SB, Villareal DT, et al; Washington University School of Medicine CALERIE Group. Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin action induced by increasing energy expenditure or decreasing energy intake: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1033-1042.
9. Rochon J, Bales CW, Ravussin E, et al; CALERIE Study Group. Design and conduct of the CALERIE study: comprehensive assessment of the long-term effects of reducing intake of energy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011;66:97-108. doi:10.1093/gerona/glq168
10. Stewart TM, Bhapkar M, Das S, et al; CALERIE Study Group. Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy Phase 2 (CALERIE Phase 2) screening and recruitment: methods and results. Contemp Clin Trials. 2013;34:10-20. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.08.011
11. Rickman AD, Williamson DA, Martin CK, et al. The CALERIE Study: design and methods of an innovative 25% caloric restriction intervention. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011;32:874-881. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2011.07.002
12. Redman LM, Kraus WE, Bhapkar M, et al; CALERIE Study Group. Energy requirements in nonobese men and women: results from CALERIE. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:71-78. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.065631
13. Racette SB, Das SK, Bhapkar M, et al; CALERIE Study Group. Approaches for quantifying energy intake and %calorie restriction during calorie restriction interventions in humans: the multicenter CALERIE study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;302:E441-E448. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00290.2011
14. Wong WW, Roberts SB, Racette SB, et al. The doubly labeled water method produces highly reproducible longitudinal results in nutrition studies. J Nutr. 2014;144(5):777-783. doi:10.3945/jn.113.187823
15. Pieper C, Redman L, Racette S, et al. Development of adherence metrics for caloric restriction interventions. Clin Trials. 2011;8:155-164. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00290.2011
16. Conti B. Considerations on temperature, longevity and aging. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008;65:1626-1630. doi:10.1007/s00018-008-7536-1
17. Roth GS, Lane MA, Ingram DK, et al. Biomarkers of caloric restriction may predict longevity in humans. Science. 2002;297:811.
18. Bowers J, Terrien J, Clerget-Froidevaux MS, et al. Thyroid hormone signaling and homeostasis during aging. Endocr Rev. 2013;34:556-589. doi:10.1210/er.2012-1056
19. Chung HY, Cesari M, Anton S, et al. Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2009;8:18-30. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2008.07.002
20. Jennrich RI, Schluchter MD. Unbalanced repeated-measures models with structured covariance matrices. Biometrics. 1986;42:805-820.
21. Diggle PJ, Heagerty PJ, Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. 2nd ed. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press; 2002.
22. Huffman KM, Samsa GP, Slentz CA, et al. Response of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to exercise training in an at-risk population. Am Heart J. 2006;152:793-800.
23. Dmitrienko A, Millen BA, Brechenmacher T, Paux G. Development of gatekeeping strategies in confirmatory clinical trials. Biom J. 2011;53:875-893. doi:10.1002/bimj.201100036
24. Wright S.P. Adjusted P-values for simultaneous inference. Biometrics. 1992;48:1005-1013.
25. Soare A, Cangemi R, Omodei D, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-term calorie restriction, but not endurance exercise, lowers core body temperature in humans. Aging (Albany NY). 2011;3:374-379.
26. Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL. Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34(suppl 1):S47-S55. doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.184
27. Yamada Y, Colman RJ, Kemnitz JW, et al. Long-term calorie restriction decreases metabolic cost of movement and prevents decrease of physical activity during aging in rhesus monkeys. Exp Gerontol. 2013;48:1226-1235. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.002
28. Ruggiero C, Metter EJ, Melenovsky V, et al. High basal metabolic rate is a risk factor for mortality: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:698-706.
29. Jumpertz R, Hanson RL, Sievers ML, Bennett PH, Nelson RG, Krakoff J. Higher energy expenditure in humans predicts natural mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96:E972-E976. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2944
30. Meyer TE, Kovács SJ, Ehsani AA, Klein S, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Longterm caloric restriction ameliorates the decline in diastolic function in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(2):398-402.
31. Rozing MP, Mooijaart SP, Beekman M, et al. C-reactive protein and glucose regulation in familial longevity. Age (Dordr). 2011;33:623-630. doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9206-8
32. Jylhävä J, Hurme M. Gene variants as determinants of longevity: focus on the inflammatory factors. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459(2):239-246. doi:10.1007/s00424-009-0726-3
33. Krabbe KS, Pedersen M, Bruunsgaard H. Inflammatory mediators in the elderly. Exp Gerontol. 2004;39:687-699.
34. Ridker PM. Inflammatory biomarkers and risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and total mortality: implications for longevity. Nutr Rev. 2007;65(12 Pt 2):S253-S259.
35. Stamler J, Rose G, Stamler R, Elliott P, Dyer A, Marmot M. INTERSALT study findings. Public health and medical care implications. Hypertension. 1989;14:570-577.
36. Holloszy JO, Smith EK, Vining M, Adams S. Effect of voluntary exercise on longevity of rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1985;59:826-831.
37. Fontana L, Villareal DT, Weiss EP, et al; Washington University School of Medicine CALERIE Group. Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293:E197-E202.