The link between poverty, environment and ecotourism development in areas adjacent to Maasai Mara and Amboseli protected areas, Kenya

Tourism Management Perspectives

Volumn 16, Issue , 2015, Pages 306-317

  Wishitemi, Bob E L ^a   Momanyi, Stephen O ^b   Ombati, Bernard Gichana ^a   Okello, Moses Makonjio ^c  

^a MOI UNIVERSITY   (Kenya)

^b Rongo University College   (Kenya)

^c SFS Centre for Wildlife Management Studies   (Kenya)

Author keywords

Ecotourism; Poverty reduction and environmental conservation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84943225691     PISSN: 22119736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.003     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Adams W.M., Hutton J. People, parks and poverty: Political ecology and biodiversity conservation. Conservation and Society 2007, 5(2):147-183.
2. Akama J. Western environmental values and nature-based tourism in Kenya. Tourism Management 1996, 17(8):567-574.
3. Akama J.S., Kieti D. Tourism and socio-economic development in developing countries: A case study of Mombasa Resort in Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2007, 15(6):735-748.
4. Birt, B. (2011). Community-based ecotourism and empowerment of indigenous people: The case of Yeak Laom Community Development, Cambodia. Unpublished Master of Tourism Management Thesis, Lincoln University.
5. Cumming D.H.M., Du Toit R.F., Stuart S.N. African elephants and rhinos - Status survey and conservation action plan. IUCN/SSC African Elephant and Rhino Specialist Group 1990, IUCN (World Conservation Union), Gland, Switzerland.
6. Dublin H.T. Dynamics of the Serengeti-Mara woodlands - An historical perspective. Forest and Conservation History 1991, 35:169-178.
7. Holden A. Environment and tourism 2008, Routledge, Oxon. 2nd ed.
8. Republic of Kenya Population census results 2009, Government Printer, Nairobi.
9. Kieti D.M. The perceived potential of tourism as a tool for poverty reduction. A case study of the Samburu-Laikipia region in Kenya 2007, D. phil. Thesis, Moi University, Eldoret.
10. Kitzinger J. Introducing focus groups. British Medical Journal 1995, 311:299-302.
11. Manyara G., Jones E. Best practice model for community capacity-building: A case study of community-based tourism enterprises in Kenya. Tourism - Preliminary Communication 2007, 55(4):403-415.
12. Masila P.M., Wishitemi B.E.L., Ipara H., Kiage E.O., Kimanzi J., Schulz R.N. Socio-economic link between poverty, environment and tourism around protected areas: A case study of communities adjacent to Ruma National Park, Kenya. African Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 2013, 1(1):1-13.
13. Mathieson A., Wall G. Tourism: Economic, physical and social impacts 1982, Longman, Harlow.
14. Mbaiwa J.E. The problems and prospects of sustainable tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2005, 13(3):203-227.
15. Mclean J., Straede S. Conservation, relocation and the paradigms of park and people management: A case study of Padampur Villages and the Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Society and National Resources 2003, 16(6):509-526.
16. Momanyi O.S. Effect of ecotourism enterprises on the socio-economic development of communities living adjacent to wildlife protected areas in Kenya: A case study of gold-ecorated lodges 2013, M. phil. Thesis, Moi University, Eldoret.
17. Mugenda O.M., Mugenda A.G. Research methods: Quantitative and qualitative approaches 2003, African Centre of Technology Studies, Nairobi.
18. Mvula C. Fair trade in tourism to protected areas-A micro case study of wildlife tourism to South Luangwa National Park, Zambia. International Journal of Tourism Research 2001, 3:393-405.
19. Obunde P.O., Omiti J.M., Sirengo A.N. Policy dimensions in human-wildlife conflicts in Kenya: Evidence from Laikipia and Nyandarua Districts. Policy Brief 2005, 11(3):1-4.
20. Okech R.N., Urmilla B. Sustainable ecotourism management in Kenya. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 2009, 2(1):57-65.
21. Okello M.M. A survey of tourist expectations and economic potential for a proposed wildlife sanctuary in a Maasai group ranch near Amboseli, Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2005, 13(6):566-589.
22. Okello M.M., Kenana L., Maliti H., Kiringe J.W., Kanga E., Warinwa F., et al. Population status and trend of water dependent grazers (buffalo and waterbuck) in the Kenya-Tanzania borderland. Natural Resources 2015, 6:91-114.
23. Okello M.M., Wishitemi B.E.L., Lagat B. Tourism potential and achievement of protected areas in Kenya: Criteria and prioritization. Tourism Analysis 2005, 10:1-15.
24. Ritma N., Ongaro S. The commoditization and commercialization of the Maasai culture: Will cultural manyattas withstand the 21st century?. Tourism development in Kenya: Critical issues, challenges and alternatives in the new millennium 2013, East African Educational Publishers Ltd., Nairobi. S.J. Akama (Ed.).
25. Scheyvens R. Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management 1999, 20:245-249.
26. Sindiga I. Wildlife-based tourism in Kenya: Land use conflicts and government compensation policies over protected areas. Journal of Tourism Studies 1995, 6(2):45-55.
27. Sindiga I. Tourism and Africa development: Change and challenge for tourism in Kenya 1999, Centre for African Studies, The Hague.
28. Wall G., Mathieson A. Tourism: Change, impacts and opportunities 2006, Prentice Hall, USA.
29. Wishitemi B.E.L. Sustainable community based conservation and tourism development adjacent to protected areas in Kenya. Moi University inaugural lecture series 5 No. 3, 2008 2008, Moi University Press, Eldoret.
30. Wishitemi B.E.L., Okello M.M. Application of the protected landscape model in southern Kenya. Parks 2003, 13(2):12-21.