메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 74, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 6647-6663

Assessment of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, Northern Iraq

Author keywords

Al khazir Gomal; Cluster analysis; Factor analysis; Groundwater quality; Iraq; Suitability

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHLORINE; CLUSTER ANALYSIS; DROUGHT; FACE RECOGNITION; FACTOR ANALYSIS; GROUNDWATER; ION EXCHANGE; IONS; IRRIGATION; MULTIVARIANT ANALYSIS; QUALITY CONTROL; TRACE ELEMENTS; WATER QUALITY;

EID: 84943198652     PISSN: 18666280     EISSN: 18666299     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4664-4     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 85018151791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of Erbil Quadrangle (NJ–38–14), scale 1:250000. Int Rep No 3037
    • Al-Basrawi NH (2006) Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of Erbil Quadrangle (NJ–38–14), scale 1:250000. Int Rep No 3037, Baghdad
    • (2006) Baghdad
    • Al-Basrawi, N.H.1
  • 2
    • 85018151745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of Mosul Quadrangle (NJ–38–13), scale 1:250000. Int Rep No 3058
    • Al-Jiburi HK (2007) Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of Mosul Quadrangle (NJ–38–13), scale 1:250000. Int Rep No 3058, Baghdad
    • (2007) Baghdad
    • Al-Jiburi, H.K.1
  • 5
    • 85018137023 scopus 로고
    • Estimating groundwater reserves of Alkhazir-Gomal Basin. Int Rep No 887
    • Al-Sam S, Hanna F, Saeed R (1978) Estimating groundwater reserves of Alkhazir-Gomal Basin. Int Rep No 887, Baghdad
    • (1978) Baghdad
    • Al-Sam, S.1    Hanna, F.2    Saeed, R.3
  • 6
    • 0031425606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry, genesis, and health implications of fluoriferous groundwaters in the upper regions of Ghana
    • Apambire WB, Boyle DR, Michel FA (1997) Geochemistry, genesis, and health implications of fluoriferous groundwaters in the upper regions of Ghana. Environ Geol 33(1):13–24. doi:10.1007/s002540050221
    • (1997) Environ Geol , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-24
    • Apambire, W.B.1    Boyle, D.R.2    Michel, F.A.3
  • 7
    • 0018105875 scopus 로고
    • An example of the use of factor analysis and cluster analysis in groundwater chemistry interpretation
    • Ashley RP, Lloyd JW (1978) An example of the use of factor analysis and cluster analysis in groundwater chemistry interpretation. J Hydrol 39(3–4):355–364. doi:10.1016/0022-1694(78)90011-2
    • (1978) J Hydrol , vol.39 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 355-364
    • Ashley, R.P.1    Lloyd, J.W.2
  • 8
    • 77955712098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in a coastal area of Southwest Bangladesh
    • Bahar MM, Reza MS (2010) Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of shallow groundwater in a coastal area of Southwest Bangladesh. Environ Earth Sci 61(5):1065–1073. doi:10.1007/s12665-009-0427-4
    • (2010) Environ Earth Sci , vol.61 , Issue.5 , pp. 1065-1073
    • Bahar, M.M.1    Reza, M.S.2
  • 10
    • 78650178664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of multivariate statistical methods and inverse geochemical modeling for characterization of groundwater—A case study: ain Azel plain (Algeria)
    • Belkhiri L, Boudoukha A, Mouni L, Baouz T (2010) Application of multivariate statistical methods and inverse geochemical modeling for characterization of groundwater—A case study: ain Azel plain (Algeria). Geoderma 159(3–4):390–398. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.08.016
    • (2010) Geoderma , vol.159 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 390-398
    • Belkhiri, L.1    Boudoukha, A.2    Mouni, L.3    Baouz, T.4
  • 11
    • 34247877650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in Shenzhen, China
    • Chen K, Jiao J, Huang J, Huang R (2007) Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in Shenzhen, China. Environ Pollut 147(3):771–780. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.002
    • (2007) Environ Pollut , vol.147 , Issue.3 , pp. 771-780
    • Chen, K.1    Jiao, J.2    Huang, J.3    Huang, R.4
  • 12
    • 78649965064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace elements and ions in Italian bottled mineral waters: identification of anomalous values and human health related effects
    • Cicchella D, Albanese S, De Vivo B, Dinelli E, Giaccio L, Lima A, Valera P (2010) Trace elements and ions in Italian bottled mineral waters: identification of anomalous values and human health related effects. J Geochem Explor 107(3):336–349. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.04.004
    • (2010) J Geochem Explor , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 336-349
    • Cicchella, D.1    Albanese, S.2    De Vivo, B.3    Dinelli, E.4    Giaccio, L.5    Lima, A.6    Valera, P.7
  • 13
    • 41949104958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system
    • Cloutier V, Lefebvre R, Therrien R, Savard M (2008) Multivariate statistical analysis of geochemical data as indicative of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in a sedimentary rock aquifer system. J Hydrol 353(3–4):294–313. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.02.015
    • (2008) J Hydrol , vol.353 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 294-313
    • Cloutier, V.1    Lefebvre, R.2    Therrien, R.3    Savard, M.4
  • 14
    • 84983558178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of calculation methods for calcium carbonate saturation in drinking water for DIN 38404-10 compliance, Drink
    • de Moel PJ, Helm AW, Rijn M, Dijk JC, Meer WG (2013) Assessment of calculation methods for calcium carbonate saturation in drinking water for DIN 38404-10 compliance, Drink. Water Eng. Sci. 6(2):115–124. doi:10.5194/dwes-6-115-2013
    • (2013) Water Eng. Sci. , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-124
    • de Moel, P.J.1    Helm, A.W.2    Rijn, M.3    Dijk, J.C.4    Meer, W.G.5
  • 16
    • 78649909964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeochemical analysis on Italian bottled mineral waters: effects of geology
    • Dinelli E, Lima A, De Vivo B, Albanese S, Cicchella D, Valera P (2010) Hydrogeochemical analysis on Italian bottled mineral waters: effects of geology. J Geochem Explor 107(3):317–335. doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.06.004
    • (2010) J Geochem Explor , vol.107 , Issue.3 , pp. 317-335
    • Dinelli, E.1    Lima, A.2    De Vivo, B.3    Albanese, S.4    Cicchella, D.5    Valera, P.6
  • 17
    • 85018152757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of water intended for human consumption regulations
    • European Communities (1998) Quality of water intended for human consumption regulations. S. I. No 81 of 1988
    • (1998) S. I. No 81 of , pp. 1988
  • 18
    • 0034503279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciphering groundwater flow systems in Oasis Valley, Nevada, using trace element chemistry, multivariate statistics, and geographical information system
    • Farnham I, Stetzenbach K, Singh A, Johannesson K (2000) Deciphering groundwater flow systems in Oasis Valley, Nevada, using trace element chemistry, multivariate statistics, and geographical information system. Math Geol 32(8):943–968. doi:10.1023/A:1007522519268
    • (2000) Math Geol , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 943-968
    • Farnham, I.1    Stetzenbach, K.2    Singh, A.3    Johannesson, K.4
  • 19
    • 0142102605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factor analytical approaches for evaluating groundwater trace element chemistry data
    • Farnham I, Johannesson K, Singh A, Hodge V, Stetzenbach K (2003) Factor analytical approaches for evaluating groundwater trace element chemistry data. Anal Chim Acta 490(1–2):123–138. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00350-7
    • (2003) Anal Chim Acta , vol.490 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 123-138
    • Farnham, I.1    Johannesson, K.2    Singh, A.3    Hodge, V.4    Stetzenbach, K.5
  • 21
    • 77955196047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Puebla aquifer system, Mexico
    • Gárfias J, Arroyo N, Aravena R (2010) Hydrochemistry and origins of mineralized waters in the Puebla aquifer system, Mexico. Environ Earth Sci 59(8):1789–1805. doi:10.1007/s12665-009-016-y
    • (2010) Environ Earth Sci , vol.59 , Issue.8 , pp. 1789-1805
    • Gárfias, J.1    Arroyo, N.2    Aravena, R.3
  • 22
    • 0141614931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data
    • Güler C, Thyne G, McCray J, Turner K (2002) Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data. Hydrogeol J 10(4):455–474. doi:10.1007/s10040-002-0196-6
    • (2002) Hydrogeol J , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-474
    • Güler, C.1    Thyne, G.2    McCray, J.3    Turner, K.4
  • 23
    • 84936906658 scopus 로고
    • Modified classification procedure for rating irrigation waters
    • Handa BK (1964) Modified classification procedure for rating irrigation waters. Soil Sci 68(4):264–269. doi:10.1097/00010694-196410000-00008
    • (1964) Soil Sci , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 264-269
    • Handa, B.K.1
  • 24
    • 0033992165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer (Pisuerga River, Spain) by principal component analysis
    • Helena B, Pardo R, Vega M, Barrado E, Fernandez J (2000) Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer (Pisuerga River, Spain) by principal component analysis. Water Res 34(3):807–816. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00225-0
    • (2000) Water Res , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 807-816
    • Helena, B.1    Pardo, R.2    Vega, M.3    Barrado, E.4    Fernandez, J.5
  • 26
    • 1342294949 scopus 로고
    • Health and economic aspects of water hardness and corrosiveness
    • Hudson HE, Gilcreas FW (1976) Health and economic aspects of water hardness and corrosiveness. J Am Water Works Assoc 68(4):201–204
    • (1976) J Am Water Works Assoc , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 201-204
    • Hudson, H.E.1    Gilcreas, F.W.2
  • 27
    • 84906230694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating groundwater recharge in the semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin
    • Jassas H, Merkel B (2014) Estimating groundwater recharge in the semiarid Al-Khazir Gomal Basin. North Iraq. Water 6(8):2467–2481. doi:10.3390/w6082467
    • (2014) North Iraq. Water , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 2467-2481
    • Jassas, H.1    Merkel, B.2
  • 28
    • 84929943992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating groundwater recharge by means of stable isotopes in the Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, northern Iraq
    • Jassas H, Merkel B (2015) Investigating groundwater recharge by means of stable isotopes in the Al-Khazir Gomal Basin, northern Iraq. Environ Earth Sci 84:1–14. doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4013-7
    • (2015) Environ Earth Sci , vol.84 , pp. 1-14
    • Jassas, H.1    Merkel, B.2
  • 29
    • 0035889711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of land use and urbanization on hydrochemistry and contamination of groundwater from Taejon area, Korea
    • Jeong CH (2001) Effect of land use and urbanization on hydrochemistry and contamination of groundwater from Taejon area, Korea. J Hydrol 253(1–4):194–210. doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00481-4
    • (2001) J Hydrol , vol.253 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 194-210
    • Jeong, C.H.1
  • 30
    • 34250922831 scopus 로고
    • The varimax criteria for analytical rotation in factor analysis
    • Kaiser H (1958) The varimax criteria for analytical rotation in factor analysis. Psychometrika 23(3):187–200
    • (1958) Psychometrika , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-200
    • Kaiser, H.1
  • 31
    • 0345518013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate mixing and mass balance (M3) calculations, a new tool for decoding hydrogeochemical information
    • Laaksoharju M, Skarman C, Skarman E (1999) Multivariate mixing and mass balance (M3) calculations, a new tool for decoding hydrogeochemical information. Appl Geochem 14(7):861–871. doi:10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00024-4
    • (1999) Appl Geochem , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 861-871
    • Laaksoharju, M.1    Skarman, C.2    Skarman, E.3
  • 33
    • 0043166508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan
    • Liu CW, Lin KH, Kuo YM (2003) Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 313(1–3):77–89. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00683-6
    • (2003) Sci Total Environ , vol.313 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 77-89
    • Liu, C.W.1    Lin, K.H.2    Kuo, Y.M.3
  • 35
    • 84977300208 scopus 로고
    • Some comments on the use of factor analyses
    • Matalas NC, Reiher BJ (1967) Some comments on the use of factor analyses. Water Resour Res 3(1):213–223. doi:10.1029/WR003i001p00213
    • (1967) Water Resour Res , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 213-223
    • Matalas, N.C.1    Reiher, B.J.2
  • 36
    • 79961025428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydro-geochemical processes in an area with saline groundwater in lower Shire River valley, Malawi: an integrated application of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses
    • Monjerezi M, Vogt RD, Aagaard P, Saka V (2011) Hydro-geochemical processes in an area with saline groundwater in lower Shire River valley, Malawi: an integrated application of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses. Appl Geochem 26(8):1399–1413. doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.05.013
    • (2011) Appl Geochem , vol.26 , Issue.8 , pp. 1399-1413
    • Monjerezi, M.1    Vogt, R.D.2    Aagaard, P.3    Saka, V.4
  • 37
    • 84920710458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hydrogeochemistry and isotopic approach for the assessment of surface water–groundwater dynamics in an arid basin: the Limarí watershed, North-Central Chile
    • Oyarzún R, Jofré E, Morales P, Maturana H, Oyarzún J, Kretschmer N, Aravena R (2015) A hydrogeochemistry and isotopic approach for the assessment of surface water–groundwater dynamics in an arid basin: the Limarí watershed, North-Central Chile. Environ Earth Sci 73(1):39–55. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3393-4
    • (2015) Environ Earth Sci , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-55
    • Oyarzún, R.1    Jofré, E.2    Morales, P.3    Maturana, H.4    Oyarzún, J.5    Kretschmer, N.6    Aravena, R.7
  • 38
    • 26444482600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User’s guide to PHREEQC (version 2) A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations
    • Denver, Colorado
    • Parkhurst DL, Appelo CAJ (1999) User’s guide to PHREEQC (version 2) A computer program for speciation, batch-reaction, one-dimensional transport, and inverse geochemical calculations. Report 99–4259, Denver, Colorado
    • (1999) Report 99–4259
    • Parkhurst, D.L.1    Appelo, C.A.J.2
  • 39
    • 78149408736 scopus 로고
    • A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis
    • Piper A (1944) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Trans Am Geophys Union 25(25):914–923
    • (1944) Trans Am Geophys Union , vol.25 , Issue.25 , pp. 914-923
    • Piper, A.1
  • 40
    • 85040283912 scopus 로고
    • Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi
    • Ragunath H (1987) Ground water, 2nd edn. Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi
    • (1987) Ground water
    • Ragunath, H.1
  • 41
    • 0030821166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groundwater quality in the Niva River basin, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India
    • Rao YS, Reddy TV, Nayudu PT (1997) Groundwater quality in the Niva River basin, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 32(1):56–63. doi:10.1007/s002540050193
    • (1997) Environ Geol , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-63
    • Rao, Y.S.1    Reddy, T.V.2    Nayudu, P.T.3
  • 42
    • 84943205955 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agricultural Handbook 60
    • Ltd, New Delhi
    • Richards L (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Agricultural Handbook 60. USDA and IBH Publishing Co. Ltd, New Delhi
    • (1954) USDA and IBH Publishing Co
    • Richards, L.1
  • 44
    • 4544340267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)—a case study
    • Singh KP, Malik A, Mohan D, Sinha S (2004) Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India)—a case study. Water Res 38(18):3980–3992. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.011
    • (2004) Water Res , vol.38 , Issue.18 , pp. 3980-3992
    • Singh, K.P.1    Malik, A.2    Mohan, D.3    Sinha, S.4
  • 45
    • 84870393273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeochemical processes and quality assessment of groundwater in Dumka and Jamtara districts, Jharkhand, India
    • Singh A, Mondal GC, Singh TB, Singh S, Tewary BK, Sinha A (2012) Hydrogeochemical processes and quality assessment of groundwater in Dumka and Jamtara districts, Jharkhand, India. Environ Earth Sci 67(8):2175–2191. doi:10.1007/s12665-012-1658-3
    • (2012) Environ Earth Sci , vol.67 , Issue.8 , pp. 2175-2191
    • Singh, A.1    Mondal, G.C.2    Singh, T.B.3    Singh, S.4    Tewary, B.K.5    Sinha, A.6
  • 46
    • 0032909333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crop residues: agriculture’s largest harvest: crop residues incorporate more than half of the world’s agricultural phytomass
    • Smil V (1999) Crop residues: agriculture’s largest harvest: crop residues incorporate more than half of the world’s agricultural phytomass. Bioscience 49(4):299–308. doi:10.2307/1313613
    • (1999) Bioscience , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-308
    • Smil, V.1
  • 47
    • 61349180248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groundwater management in northern Iraq
    • Stevanovic Z, Iurkiewicz A (2009) Groundwater management in northern Iraq. Hydrogeol J 17(2):367–378
    • (2009) Hydrogeol J , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 367-378
    • Stevanovic, Z.1    Iurkiewicz, A.2
  • 48
    • 21344457454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Chithar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India
    • Subramani T, Elango L, Damodarasamy SR (2005) Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Chithar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Geol 47(8):1099–1110. doi:10.1007/s00254-005-1243-0
    • (2005) Environ Geol , vol.47 , Issue.8 , pp. 1099-1110
    • Subramani, T.1    Elango, L.2    Damodarasamy, S.R.3
  • 50
    • 0028585658 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater in Moro area, Kwara state, Nigeria
    • Tijani MN (1994) Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater in Moro area, Kwara state, Nigeria. Environ Geol 24(3):194–202
    • (1994) Environ Geol , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 194-202
    • Tijani, M.N.1
  • 51
    • 0003814352 scopus 로고
    • Wiley International Edition, Wiley
    • Todd D (1980) Groundwater hydrology. Wiley International Edition, Wiley
    • (1980) Groundwater hydrology
    • Todd, D.1
  • 52
    • 85027924131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeochemical assessment of the Upper Cheliff groundwater (North West Algeria)
    • Touhari F, Meddi M, Mehaiguene M, Razack M (2015) Hydrogeochemical assessment of the Upper Cheliff groundwater (North West Algeria). Environ Earth Sci 73(7):3043–3061. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3598-6
    • (2015) Environ Earth Sci , vol.73 , Issue.7 , pp. 3043-3061
    • Touhari, F.1    Meddi, M.2    Mehaiguene, M.3    Razack, M.4
  • 53
    • 85018144919 scopus 로고
    • World Atlas of Desertification. London
    • UNEP (1992) World Atlas of Desertification. London, UK
    • (1992) UK
  • 54
  • 55
    • 0031734921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis
    • Vega M, Pardo R, Barrado E, Debán L (1998) Assessment of seasonal and polluting effects on the quality of river water by exploratory data analysis. Water Res 32(12):3581–3592. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00138-9
    • (1998) Water Res , vol.32 , Issue.12 , pp. 3581-3592
    • Vega, M.1    Pardo, R.2    Barrado, E.3    Debán, L.4
  • 57
    • 0020439494 scopus 로고
    • Statistical identification of hydraulic connections between the surface of a mountain and internal mineralized sources
    • Williams RE (1982) Statistical identification of hydraulic connections between the surface of a mountain and internal mineralized sources. Ground Water 20:466–478
    • (1982) Ground Water , vol.20 , pp. 466-478
    • Williams, R.E.1
  • 58
    • 0030883908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicochemical quality of drinking and hot waters in Finnish buildings originated from groundwater or surface water plants
    • Zacheus OM, Martikainen PJ (1997) Physicochemical quality of drinking and hot waters in Finnish buildings originated from groundwater or surface water plants. Sci Total Environ 204(1):1–10. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00160-5
    • (1997) Sci Total Environ , vol.204 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Zacheus, O.M.1    Martikainen, P.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.