Treatment of Breast Cancer in the Elderly

Current Oncology Reports

Volumn 17, Issue 11, 2015, Pages

  Freedman, Rachel A ^a  

^a DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Adjuvant treatment; Breast cancer; Elderly; Older

Indexed keywords

EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ANTINEOPLASTIC HORMONE AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS;

AGED; BREAST CANCER; BREAST SURGERY; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RISK; CANCER SURGERY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; COMORBIDITY; ELDERLY CARE; HEALTH DISPARITY; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LOCAL THERAPY; MALE BREAST CANCER; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY; ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY; AGE; AGING; BREAST NEOPLASMS; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; MORTALITY; MULTIMODALITY CANCER THERAPY; PATHOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PROCEDURES; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUALITY OF LIFE; VERY ELDERLY;

AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE; FEMALE; GERIATRIC ASSESSMENT; HUMANS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUALITY OF LIFE; RADIOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT;

EID: 84942940551     PISSN: 15233790     EISSN: 15346269     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-015-0475-8     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. US Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/ Accessed 17 July 2015.
2. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/ Accessed 17 July 2015.
3. Satariano WA, Ragland DR. The effect of comorbidity on 3-year survival of women with primary breast cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120(2):104–10.
4. Yancik R, Wesley MN, Ries LA, Havlik RJ, Edwards BK, Yates JW. Effect of age and comorbidity in postmenopausal breast cancer patients aged 55 years and older. Jama. 2001;285(7):885–92.
5. Schonberg MA, Marcantonio ER, Li D, Silliman RA, Ngo L, McCarthy EP. Breast cancer among the oldest old: tumor characteristics, treatment choices, and survival. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(12):2038–45. Describes epidemiology and outcomes for the oldest patients with cancer, a group rarely described in the literature.
6. National Vital Statistics Reports, September 24, 2012. United States Life Tables, 2008. Vol 61, No 3. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_03.pdf. Accessed 24 July 2015.
7. Walter LC, Brand RJ, Counsell SR, Palmer RM, Landefeld CS, Fortinsky RH, et al. Development and validation of a prognostic index for 1-year mortality in older adults after hospitalization. JAMA. 2001;285(23):2987–94.
8. http://eprognosis.ucsf.edu/ Accessed 24 July 2015.
9. Howlader N, Altekruse SF, Li CI, Chen VW, Clarke CA, Ries LA, et al. US incidence of breast cancer subtypes defined by joint hormone receptor and HER2 status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(5).
10. Freedman RA, He Y, Winer EP, Keating NL. Trends in racial and age disparities in definitive local therapy of early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(5):713–9.
11. Elkin EB, Hurria A, Mitra N, Schrag D, Panageas KS. Adjuvant chemotherapy and survival in older women with hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: assessing outcome in a population-based, observational cohort. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(18):2757–64.
12. Vaz-Luis I, Keating NL, Lin NU, Lii H, Winer EP, Freedman RA. Duration and toxicity of adjuvant trastuzumab in older patients with early-stage breast cancer: a population-based study. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(9):927–34.
13. Giordano SH, Duan Z, Kuo YF, Hortobagyi GN, Goodwin JS. Use and outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24(18):2750–6.
14. Freedman RA, Vaz-Luis I, Barry WT, Lii H, Lin NU, Winer EP, et al. Patterns of chemotherapy, toxicity, and short-term outcomes for older women receiving adjuvant trastuzumab-based therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014;145(2):491–501.
15. Hassett MJ, Hughes ME, Niland JC, Edge SB, Theriault RL, Wong YN, et al. Chemotherapy use for hormone receptor-positive, lymph node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(34):5553–60.
16. Freedman RA, Hughes ME, Ottesen RA, He Y, Weeks JC, Wong Y-N, et al. Use of adjuvant trastuzumab in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer by race/ethnicity and education within the national comprehensive cancer network. Cancer. 2012;In press.
17. Griggs JJ, Culakova E, Sorbero ME, Poniewierski MS, Wolff DA, Crawford J, et al. Social and racial differences in selection of breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(18):2522–7.
18. Hurria A, Dale W, Mooney M, Rowland JH, Ballman KV, Cohen HJ, et al. Designing therapeutic clinical trials for older and frail adults with cancer: U13 conference recommendations. J Clin Oncol. 2014;32(24):2587–94. Highlights the importance of increasing accrual of older patients to clinical trials.
19. Hind D, Wyld L, Reed MW. Surgery, with or without tamoxifen, vs tamoxifen alone for older women with operable breast cancer: Cochrane review. Br J Cancer. 2007;96(7):1025–9.
20. Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Berry D, Cirrincione C, McCormick B, Shank B, et al. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women 70 years of age or older with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(10):971–7.
21. Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Bellon JR, Cirrincione CT, Berry DA, McCormick B, et al. Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women age 70 years or older with early breast cancer: long-term follow-up of CALGB 9343. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(19):2382–7.
22. van de Water W, Bastiaannet E, Scholten AN, Kiderlen M, de Craen AJ, Westendorp RG, et al. Breast-conserving surgery with or without radiotherapy in older breast patients with early stage breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21(3):786–94.
23. Hassett MJ, Silver SM, Hughes ME, Blayney DW, Edge SB, Herman JG, et al. Adoption of gene expression profile testing and association with use of chemotherapy among women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(18):2218–26.
24. Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Budman DR, Henderson IC, Citron ML, et al. Toxicity of older and younger patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer: the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Experience. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(24):3699–704.
25. Muss HB, Woolf S, Berry D, Cirrincione C, Weiss RB, Budman D, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in older and younger women with lymph node-positive breast cancer. Jama. 2005;293(9):1073–81.
26. Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione CT, Theodoulou M, Mauer AM, Kornblith AB, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(20):2055–65.
27. Muss HB, Berry DA, Cirrincione C, Theodoulou M, Hurria A, Cohen HJ, et al. Standard chemotherapy versus capecitabine for older women with early stage breast cancer: an update of CALGB/CTSU/Alliance 49907. J Clin Oncol 33, 2015 (suppl; abstr 1022) Presented at the 2015 American Society of Clinical Oncology Meeting (Chicago, IL).
28. Von Minckwitz G, Reimer T, Potenberg J, Conrad B, Schurer U, Eidtmann H, et al. The phase III ICE study: adjuvant ibandronate with or without capecitabine in elderly patients with moderate or high risk early breast cancer; Presented at the 2014 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. Cancer Res. 2015 75; Abstract S3-04. Reports the results from the ICE trial, an important, large-scale adjuvant clinical trial for patients 65+.
29. Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Procter M, Leyland-Jones B, Goldhirsch A, Untch M, Smith I, et al. Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(16):1659–72.
30. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, Suman VJ, Geyer Jr CE, Davidson NE, et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(16):1673–84.
31. Freedman RA, Hughes ME, Ottesen RA, Weeks JC, He Y, Wong YN, et al. Use of adjuvant trastuzumab in women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer by race/ethnicity and education within the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cancer. 2013;119(4):839–46.
32. Perez EA. Cardiac issues related to trastuzumab. Breast. 2004;13(3):171–2.
33. Perez EA, Rodeheffer R. Clinical cardiac tolerability of trastuzumab. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(2):322–9.
34. Perez EA, Suman VJ, Davidson NE, Sledge GW, Kaufman PA, Hudis CA, et al. Cardiac safety analysis of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 adjuvant breast cancer trial. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(8):1231–8.
35. Chen J, Long JB, Hurria A, Owusu C, Steingart RM, Gross CP. Incidence of heart failure or cardiomyopathy after adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for breast cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(24):2504–12.
36. Chavez-MacGregor M, Niu J, Zhang N, Elting LS, Smith BD, Banchs J, et al. Cardiac monitoring during adjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy among older patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(19):2176–83.
37. Tolaney SM, Barry WT, Dang CT, Yardley DA, Moy B, Marcom PK, et al. Adjuvant paclitaxel and trastuzumab for node-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(2):134–41.
38. Extermann M, Boler I, Reich RR, Lyman GH, Brown RH, DeFelice J, et al. Predicting the risk of chemotherapy toxicity in older patients: the Chemotherapy Risk Assessment Scale for High-Age Patients (CRASH) score. Cancer. 2012;118(13):3377–86.
39. Hurria A, Cirrincione CT, Muss HB, Kornblith AB, Barry W, Artz AS, et al. Implementing a geriatric assessment in cooperative group clinical cancer trials: CALGB 360401. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(10):1290–6. Describes the geriatric assessment and its feasibility in a cooperative group setting.
40. Extermann M, Hurria A. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(14):1824–31.
41. Hurria A, Togawa K, Mohile SG, Owusu C, Klepin HD, Gross CP, et al. Predicting chemotherapy toxicity in older adults with cancer: a prospective multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(25):3457–65. Reports results from study which developed a model that predicted well for grade 3–5 toxicity with chemotherapy.
42. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative G. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005;365(9472):1687–717.
43. Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, Forbes J, Houghton JH, Klijn JG, et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359(9324):2131–9.
44. Coates AS, Keshaviah A, Thurlimann B, Mouridsen H, Mauriac L, Forbes JF, et al. Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: update of study BIG 1-98. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):486–92.
45. Goss PE, Ingle JN, Martino S, Robert NJ, Muss HB, Piccart MJ, et al. Randomized trial of letrozole following tamoxifen as extended adjuvant therapy in receptor-positive breast cancer: updated findings from NCIC CTG MA.17. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005;97(17):1262–71.
46. Coombes RC, Hall E, Gibson LJ, Paridaens R, Jassem J, Delozier T, et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(11):1081–92.
47. Hershman DL, Kushi LH, Shao T, Buono D, Kershenbaum A, Tsai WY, et al. Early discontinuation and nonadherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy in a cohort of 8,769 early-stage breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(27):4120–8.
48. Partridge AH, Wang PS, Winer EP, Avorn J. Nonadherence to adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in women with primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(4):602–6.
49. Giordano SH, Cohen DS, Buzdar AU, Perkins G, Hortobagyi GN. Breast carcinoma in men: a population-based study. Cancer. 2004;101(1):51–7.
50. Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137(8):678–87.
51. Giordano SH, Perkins GH, Broglio K, Garcia SG, Middleton LP, Buzdar AU, et al. Adjuvant systemic therapy for male breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;104(11):2359–64.
52. Giordano SH. A review of the diagnosis and management of male breast cancer. Oncologist. 2005;10(7):471–9.
53. Gross CP, Smith BD, Wolf E, Andersen M. Racial disparities in cancer therapy: did the gap narrow between 1992 and 2002? Cancer. 2008;112(4):900–8.
54. Silber JH, Rosenbaum PR, Fox KR. Differences in breast cancer survival by race—reply. JAMA. 2013;310(22):2457.
55. Crew KD, Neugut AI, Wang X, Jacobson JS, Grann VR, Raptis G, et al. Racial disparities in treatment and survival of male breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(9):1089–98.
56. O'Malley CD, Prehn AW, Shema SJ, Glaser SL. Racial/ethnic differences in survival rates in a population-based series of men with breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2002;94(11):2836–43.
57. Freedman RA, He Y, Winer EP, Keating NL. Racial/ethnic differences in receipt of timely adjuvant therapy for older women with breast cancer: are delays influenced by the hospitals where patients obtain surgical care? Health Serv Res. 2013;48(5):1669–83.
58. Vaz-Luis I, Lin NU, Keating NL, Barry WT, Lii H, Winer EP, et al. Racial differences in outcomes for patients with metastatic breast cancer by disease subtype. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;151(3):697–707.