Boxing headguard performance in punch machine tests

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 49, Issue 17, 2015, Pages 1108-1112

  McIntosh, Andrew S ^a,b   Patton, Declan A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BALLARAT   (Australia)

^b McIntosh Consultancy and Research Pty Ltd   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCELEROMETRY; BIOMECHANICS; BOXING; DEVICES; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HEAD; HELMET; HUMAN; MANIKIN; NECK; PHYSIOLOGY; SPORTS EQUIPMENT; STANDARDS;

ACCELEROMETRY; BIOMECHANICAL PHENOMENA; BOXING; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; HEAD; HEAD PROTECTIVE DEVICES; HUMANS; MANIKINS; NECK; SPORTS EQUIPMENT;

EID: 84942815945     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095094     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Amateur International Boxing Association. Removal of headguards for all Elite men competitions. AIBA's Role. Lausanne, Switzerland: Maison du Sport International, 2013.
2. AIBA. AIBA Open Boxing (AOB) Competition Rules. Lausanne: AIBA, 2013.
3. McIntosh AS, Andersen TE, Bahr R, et al. Sports helmets now and in the future. Br J Sports Med 2011;45:1258-65.
4. Walilko TJ, Viano DC, Bir CA. Biomechanics of the head for Olympic boxer punches to the face. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:710-19.
5. Unterharnscheidt FJ, Sellier G. Mechanik, Pathomorphologie und Klinik der Traumatischen Schäden des ZNS bei Boxern [Mechanics, Pathomorphology and Clinical Aspects of Traumatic Injury of the CNS in Boxers]. Med Sport 1970;10:111-17.
6. Unterharnscheidt F, Taylor-Unterharnscheidt J. Impact mechanics and neuropathology of closed head injury. Boxing: medical aspects. Waltham, MA: Academic Press, 2003:1-44.
7. Stojsih SE, Boitano MA, Wilhelm M, et al. A prospective study of punch biomechanics and cognitive function for Amateur boxers. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:725-30.
8. King AI. Fundamentals of impact biomechanics: part I-biomechanics of the head, neck, and thorax. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2000;2:55-81.
9. Kleiven S. Why most traumatic brain injuries are not caused by linear acceleration but Skull fractures are. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2013;1:15.
10. Zhang L, Yang KH, King AI. A proposed injury threshold for mild traumatic brain injury. J Biomech Eng 2004;126:226-36.
11. Rowson S, Duma S, Beckwith J, et al. Rotational head kinematics in football impacts: an injury risk function for concussion. Ann Biomed Eng 2012;40:1-13.
12. McIntosh AS, Patton DA, Fréchède B, et al. The biomechanics of concussion in unhelmeted football players in Australia: a case-control study. BMJ Open 2014;4: e005078.
13. Bartsch AJ, Benzel EC, Miele VJ, et al. Boxing and mixed martial arts: preliminary traumatic neuromechanical injury risk analyses from laboratory impact dosage data. J Neurosurg 2012b;116:1070-80.
14. O'Sullivan DM, Fife GP, Pieter W, et al. Safety performance evaluation of taekwondo headgear. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:447-51.
15. Smith MS. Physiological profile of senior and junior England International Amateur Boxers. J Sports Sci Med 2006;5:74-89.
16. Pierce JD, Reinbold KA, Lyngard BC, et al. Direct measurement of punch force during six professional boxing matches. J Quant Anal Sports 2006;2:1-19.
17. Dau N, Chien HC, Sherman DC, et al. Effectiveness of boxing headgear for limiting injury [Extended Abstract]. American Society for Biomechanics Annual Meeting. Blacksburg, VA, USA: ASB, 2006.
18. McIntosh AS, Patton DA. The impact performance of headguards for combat sports. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:1113-7.
19. McIntosh AS, Lai A, Schilter E. Bicycle helmets: head impact dynamics in helmeted and unhelmeted oblique impact tests. Traffic Inj Prev 2013;14:501-8.
20. SAE International. Instrumentation for impact test-part 1-electronic instrumentation. Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 1995.
21. American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM F2397-09. Standard Specification for Protective Headgear Used in Martial Arts, 2012. ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
22. American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM F1446-08. Standard Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective Headgear, 2011. ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
23. Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ, et al. Concussion in professional football: part 10-comparison with boxing head impacts. Neurosurg 2005;57:1154-72.
24. Pellman EJ, Viano DC, Tucker AM, et al. Concussion in professional football: reconstruction of game impacts and injuries. Neurosurg 2003;53:799-812.
25. Bartsch AJ, Benzel EC, Miele VJ, et al. Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) response to head impacts and potential implications for athletic headgear testing. Accid Anal Prev 2012a;48:285-91.
26. Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Sances AJr, et al. Steering Wheel Induced Facial Trauma. 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. Atlanta, GA: SAE International, 1988:45-69.
27. Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact Studies of Facial Bones and Skull. 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Detroit, MI: SAE International, 1972:186-203.
28. Planath I, Nilsson S. Facial fracture protection criteria for the Hybrid III load sensing face. Accid Anal Prev 1991;23:95-103.
29. Nyquist GW, Cavanaugh JM, Goldberg SJ, et al. Facial Impact Tolerance and Response. 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. San Diego, CA: SAE International, 1986:379-400.