Ergonomic Solutions for the Process Industries

Ergonomic Solutions for the Process Industries

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-459

  Attwood, Dennis A ^b   Deeb, Joseph M ^b   Danz Reece, Mary E ^a  

^a ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; SURGICAL EQUIPMENT;

BACK INJURIES; CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME; ERGONOMIC DESIGN; ERGONOMIC TOOLS; NEW FACILITIES; PROCESS INDUSTRIES; WORK-RELATED INJURIES; WORKPLACE INJURIES;

ERGONOMICS;

EID: 84942613579     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-7704-2.X5000-4     Document Type: Book

References (290)

1. Burke M. Applied Ergonomics Handbook 1992, Lewis, Boca Raton, FL.
2. CCPS Guidelines for Auditing Process Safety Management Systems 1993, Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York.
3. Geller E.S. Working Safe 1996, Chilton Book Company, Radnor PA.
4. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, Taylor and Francis, London.
5. IPC Applied Ergonomics Handbook 1974, IPC Science and Technology Press, Guildford, Surrey.
6. Marras W.S., Lavender S.A., Leurgans S.E., Rajulu S.L., Allread W.G., Ferguson S.A. The role of dynamic three-dimensional trunk motion in occupationally-related low back disorders. Spine 1993, 18(5):617-628.
7. McAtamney L., Corlett N. RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders. Applied Ergonomics 1993, 24(2):91-99.
8. Pheasant S. Bodyspace: Anthropometry Ergonomics and the Design of Work 1996, Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia. Second Ed.
9. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design 1993, McGraw-Hill, New York. Seventh Ed.
10. Anderson J.R. Cognitive Psychology 1995, W. H. Freeman, New York. Fourth Ed.
11. Attwood D.A., Nicolich M.J., Doney K.P., Smolar T.J., Swensen E.E. Valve Wheel Rim Force Capabilities of Process Operators. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process 2002, 15:233-239.
12. Bailey R.W. Human Performance Engineering 1989, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Second Ed.
13. Best J.B. Cognitive Psychology 1995, West Publishing, St. Paul, MN. Fourth Ed.
14. Broadbent D. Task Combination and Selective Intake of Information. Acta Psychologica 1982, 50:253-290.
15. Brouwer W.H., Waterink W., Van Wolffelaar P.C, Rothengatter T. Divided Attention in Experienced Young and Older Drivers: Lane Tracking and Visual Analy-sis in a Dynamic Driving Simulator. Human Factors 1991, 33:573-582.
16. Caldwell L.S. Relative Muscle Loading and Endurance. Journal of Engineer-ing Psychology 1963, 2:155-161.
17. Caldwell L.S. Measurement of Static Muscle Endurance. Journal of Engineer-ing Psychology 1964, 3:16-22.
18. Chaffin D. Ergonomics Guide for the Assessment of Human Strength. Ameri-can Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1975, 35:505-510.
19. Chaffin D., Andersson G. Occupational Biomechanics 1991, Wiley, New York. Second Ed.
20. Damon A., Stoudt H.W, McFarland R.A. The Human Body in Equipment Design 1971, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
21. Deeb J.M. An Exponential Model of Isometric Muscular Fatigue as a Function of Age and Muscle Group 1988, Dissertation, Department of Industrial Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo.
22. Garrett J.W. The Adult Human Hand: Some Anthropometric and Biomechani-cal Considerations. Human Factors 1971, 13:117-131.
23. Goldstein I., Dorfman P. Speed Stress and Load Stress as Determinants of Performance in a Time-Sharing Task. Human Factors 1978, 20:603-610.
24. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, Taylor and Francis, London.
25. Hettinger T. Physiology of Strength 1961, Charles C Thomas, Springfield, IL.
26. Konz S. Work Design: Industrial Ergonomics 1990, Publishing Horizons, Worthington, OH. Third Ed.
27. Kroemer K.H.E. Human Strength: Terminology, Measurement, and Interpreta-tion of Data. Human Factors 1970, 12:297-313.
28. Lauback L.L. Comparative Muscular Strength of Men and Women: A Review of the Literature. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 1976, 47:534-542.
29. Miller G. The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information. Psychological Review 1956, 63:81-97.
30. Monod H. Contractility of Muscle during Prolonged Static and Repetitive Dynamic Activity. Ergonomics 1985, 28:81-89.
31. O'Brien M. Women in Sport. Applied Ergonomics 1985, 16:25-39.
32. Parasuraman R., Nestor P.G. Attention and Driving Skills in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Human Factors 1991, 33:539-557.
33. Pheasant S.T. A Technique for Estimating Anthropometric Data from the Parameters of the Distributions of Stature. Ergonomics 1982, 25:981-992.
34. Pheasant S.T. Anthropometric Estimates for British Civilian Adults. Ergonomics 1982, 25:993-1001.
35. Pheasant S.T. Sex Differences in Strength-Some Observations on Their Variability. Applied Ergonomics 1983, 14:205-211.
36. Preczewski S.C, Fisher D.L. The Selection of Alphanumeric Code Sequences. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting 1990, 224-228.
37. Redgrove J. Fitting the Job to the Women: A Critical Review. Applied Ergonomics 1979, 10:215-223.
38. Roche A.R, Davila G.H. Late Adolescent Growth in Stature. Pediatrics 1972, 50:874-880.
39. Roebuck J., Kroemer K., Thomson W. Engineering Anthropometry Methods 1975, Wiley-Interscience, New York.
40. Sanders M.S. Anthropometric Survey of Truck and Bus Drivers: Anthropome-try, Control Reach, and Control Force 1977, Canyon Research Group, Westlake Village, CA.
41. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineer-ing and Design 1993, Cited in, McGraw-Hill, New York.
42. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design 1993, McGraw-Hill, New York.
43. Stoudt H.W. The Anthropometry of the Elderly. Human Factors 1981, 23(no.l):29-37.
44. Trotter M., Gleser G. The Effect of Aging upon Stature. American Journal of Physical Anthropometry 1951, 9:311-324.
45. Wickens C.D. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance 1992, HarperCollins, New York. Second Ed.
46. Wilmore J.H. Inferiority of Female Athletes: Myth or Reality?. Journal of Sports Medicine 1975, 3:1-6.
47. Ayoub M.M., Mital A., Nicholson A.S. A Guide to Manual Materials Handling 1992, Taylor and Francis, London.
48. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP), Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI) Ergonomic Risk Identification and Assessment Tool 2000, CPPI, Calgary, Alberta.
49. Deeb, J. (1994) Personal Communication.
50. Dempsey P.G., Burdorf A., Fathallah R, Sorock G., Hashemi L. Influence of Measurement Accuracy on the Application of the 1991 NIOSH Equation. Applied Ergonomics 1991, 32:91-99.
51. Eastman Kodak Company Ergonomic Design for People at Work 1983, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
52. Hignett S., McAtamney L. Rapid Entire Body Assessment. Applied Ergonomics 2000, 31:201-205.
53. Karhu O., Harkonen R., Sorvali P., Vepsalainen P. Observing Working Postures in Industry: Examples of OWAS Application. Applied Ergonomics 1981, 12(no. 1):13-17.
54. Karhu O., Kansi P., Kuorinka I. Correcting Working Postures in Industry: A Practical Method for Analysis. Applied Ergonomics 1977, 8(no. 4):199-201.
55. Kivi P., Mattila M. Analysis and Improvement of Work Postures in the Building Industry: Application of the Computerized OWAS Method. Applied Ergonomics 1991, 22(no. 1):43-48.
56. Kraus J.R, Brown K.A., McArthur D.L., Peek-Asa C., Samaniego L., Kraus C., Zhou L. Reduction of Acute Low Back Injuries by Use of Back Supports. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 1996, 2:264-273.
57. Magnusson M., Pope M. Does a Back Support have a Positive Biomechan- ical Effect?. Applied Ergonomics 1996, 27(no. 3):201-205.
58. Mattila M., Karwowski W., Vilkki M. Analysis of Working Postures in Hammering Tasks on Building Construction Sites Using the Computerized OWAS Method. Applied Ergonomics 1993, 24(no. 6):405-412.
59. McAtamney L., Corlett N. RULA: A Survey Method for the Investigation of Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders. Applied Ergonomics 1993, 24(no. 2):91-99.
60. NIOSH Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting 1981, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH.
61. NIOSH Workplace Use of Back Belts 1994, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-122, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH.
62. NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs 1997, DHHS Publication No. 97-117, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH.
63. Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Proposed Ergonomic Pro- tection Standard 1995, Bureau of National Affairs, Washington, DC.
64. Scott G.B., Lambe N.R. Working Practices in a Perchary System, Using the OVAKO Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS). Applied Ergonomics 1996, 27(no. 4):281-284.
65. Silverstein B.A., Fine L.J., Armstrong T.J. Occupational Factors and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 1987, 11:343-358.
66. Snook S.H., Ciriello V.M. The Design of Manual Handling Tasks: Revised Tables of Maximum Weights and Forces. Ergonomics 1991, 34(no. 9):1197-1213.
67. University of Michigan, Center for Ergonomics 3D Static Strength Prediction Program Manual 1995, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
68. Waters T.R., Putz-Anderson V., Garg A. Applications Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation 1994, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-110, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Cincinnati, OH.
69. Waters T.R., Putz-Anderson V., Garg A., Fine L.J. Revised NIOSH Equa- tion for the Design and Evaluation of Manual Lifting Tasks. Ergonomics 1993, 36(no. 7):749-776.
70. Wiktorin C., Selin K., Ekenvall L., Kilbom A., Alfredsson L. Evaluation of Perceived and Self-Reported Manual Forces Exerted in Occupational Materials Handling. Applied Ergonomics 1996, 27(no. 4):231-239.
71. Woldstad J.D., McMulkin M.L., Bussi C.A. Forces Applied to Large Hand Wheels. Applied Ergonomics 1995, 26(no. 1):55-60.
72. Abrams C.F., Suggs C.W. Development of a Simulator for Use in the Mea- surement of Chain Saw Vibration. Applied Ergonomics 1977, 8(no. 2):130-134.
73. Baddeley A.D., Cuccaro W.J., Egstrom G.H., Weltman G., Willis M.A. Cognitive Efficiency of Divers Working in Cold Water. Human Factors 1975, 17:446-454.
74. Barnaby J.F. Lighting for Productivity Gains. Lighting Design and Application 1980, 10(no. 2):20-28.
75. Barnes G.R., Benson A.J., Prior A.R.J. Visual-Vestibular Interaction in the Control of Eye-Movement. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 1978, 49:557-564.
76. Bennett C., Chitlangia A., Pangrekar A. Illumination Levels and Perfor- mance of Practical Visual Tasks. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 21st annual meeting 1977, 322-325.
77. Blackwell H.R., Blackwell O.M. The Effects of Illumination Quantity upon the Performance of Different Visual Tasks. Illumination Engineering 1968, 63:143-152.
78. Boggs D.H., Simon J.R. Differential Effect of Noise on Tasks of Varying Complexity. Journal of Applied Psychology 1968, 52:148-153.
79. Bovenzi M.L., Petroniv L., DiMarino F. Epidemiological Survey of Shipyard Workers Exposed to Hand-Arm Vibration. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1980, 46:251-266.
80. Bowen H.M. Driver Performance and the Effects of Cold. Human Factors 1968, 10:445-464.
81. Burrows A.A. Acoustic Noise, and Informational Definition. Human Factors 1960, 2(no. 3):163-168.
82. Burse R. Sex Differences in Human Thermoregulatory Response to Heat and Cold Stress. Human Factors 1979, 21(no. 6):687-699.
83. Collins B., Worthey J. Lighting for Meat and Poultry Inspection. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 1985, 15:21-28.
84. Davies D., Jones D. Hearing and Noise. The Body at Work 1982, Cambridge University Press, New York. W. Singleton (Ed.).
85. Eastman Kodak Co. Ergonomic Design for People at Work 1983, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
86. Enander A. Effects of Moderate Cold on Performance of Psychomotor and Cognitive Tasks. Ergonomics 1987, 30(no. 10):1431-1445.
87. Enander A. Effects of Thermal Stress on Human Performance. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Environmental Health 1989, 15(supplement 1):27-33.
88. Eschenbrenner A.J. Effects of Intermittent Noise on the Performance of a Complex Psychomotor Task. Human Factors 1971, 13(no. 1):59-63.
89. Fox J.G. Background Music and Industrial Productivity-A Review. Applied Ergonomics 1971, 2:70-73.
90. Gawron V. Performance Effects of Noise Intensity, Psychological Set, and Task Type and Complexity. Human Factors 1982, 24:225-243.
91. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, Taylor and Francis, London.
92. Griffin M.J. Eye Motion during Whole-Body Vibration. Human Factors 1976, 18:601-606.
93. Griffin M.J. Handbook of Human Vibration 1990, Academic Press, London.
94. Griffin M.J., Lewis C.H. A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Continuous Manual Control: Part I. Visual Acuity. Journal of Sound and Vibration 1978, 56:383-413.
95. Haslegrave C.M. Auditory Environment and Noise Assessment. Evaluation of Human Work 1995, Taylor and Francis, London. J.R. Wilson, E.N. Corlett (Eds.).
96. Hornick R. Vibration in Bioastronautics Data Book 1973, NASA Sp-3006, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. Second Ed.
97. Hughes P., Neer R. Lighting for the Elderly: A Psychobiological Approach to Lighting. Human Factors 1981, 23:65-85.
98. ISO Moderate Thermal Environment-Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort. 1994, ISO 7730, International Standards Organization.
99. ISO Hot Environment-Estimate of the Heat Stress on Working Man, Based on the WBGT-Index (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature). 1995, ISO 7243, International Standards Organization.
100. Jaschinski W. Conditions of Emergency Lighting. Ergonomics 1982, 25:363-372.
101. Jerison H.J. Effects of Noise on Human Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology 1959, 43:96-101.
102. Knave B. Ergonomics and Lighting. Applied Ergonomics 1984, 15(no. 1):15-20.
103. Kobrick J.L., Fine B.J. Climate and Human Performance. The Physical Environment at Work 1983, John Wiley, Chichester, UK. D.J. Oborne, M.M. Gruneberg (Eds.).
104. Konz S. Work Design: Industrial Ergonomics 1990, Publishing Horizon, Worthington, OH. Third Ed.
105. Kryter K.D. The Effects of Noise on Man 1970, 545-585. Academic Press, New York.
106. Kryter K.D., Pearson K.S. Some effects of spectrum content duration on perceived noise level. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1966, 39:64-451.
107. Levison W.H. Biomechanical Response and Manual Tracking Performance in Sinusoidal, Sum of Sines, and Random Variation Environments. Report AMRL-TR-75-94 1976, Army Medical Research Laboratory.
108. Lewis C.H., Griffin M.J. A Review of the Effects of Vibration on Visual Acuity and Normal Control. Part II. Continuous Manual Control. Journal of Sound and Vibration 1978, 56:415-457.
109. Lewis C.H., Griffin M.J. Mechanics of the Effects of Vibration Frequency, Level, and Duration on Continuous Manual Control Performance. Ergonomics 1979, 22:855-889.
110. Lewis C.H., Griffin M.J. The Effect of Character Size on the Legibility of a Numeric Display during Vertical Whole-Body Vibration. Journal of Sound and Vibration 1979, 67:562-565.
111. Lind A.R. Tolerable Limits for Prolonged and Intermittent Exposure to Heat. Temperature-Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry 1963, Reinhold, New York. J.D. Hardy (Ed.).
112. Lockhart J.M. Extreme Body Cooling and Psychomotor Performance. Ergonomics 1968, 11:249-260.
113. Meddick R.D.L., Griffin M.J. The Effect of Two-Axis Vibration on the Legibility of Reading Material. Ergonomics 1976, 19:21-33.
114. Morton R., Provins K.A. Finger Numbness after Acute Local Exposure to Cold. Journal of Applied Psychology 1960, 15:149-154.
115. Moseley M., Griffin M.J. Effects of Display Vibration and Whole-Body Vibration on Visual Performance. Ergonomics 1986, 29:977-983.
116. NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard-Occupational Exposure to Noise 1972, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati OH.
117. OSHA Occupational Noise Exposure: Hearing Conservation Amendment. Federal Register 1983, 48:9738-9783.
118. Parson K.C. Ergonomics Assessment of Thermal Environments. Evaluation of Human Work 1995, Taylor and Francis, London. J.R. Wilson, E.N. Corlett (Eds.).
119. Poulton E.C. Continuous Noise Interferes with Work by Masking Auditory Feed- back and Inner Speech. Applied Ergonomics 1976, 7:79-84.
120. Poulton E.C. Continuous Intense Noise Masks Auditory Feedback and Inner Speech. Psychological Bulletin 1977, 84:977-1001.
121. Ramsey J., Burford C., Beshir M., Jensen R. Effects of Workplace Thermal Conditions on Safe Work Behavior. Journal of Safety Research 1983, 14:105-114.
122. Ramsey J., Kwon Y. Simplified Decision Rules for Predicting Performance Loss in the Heat. Proceedings on Heat Stress Indices 1988, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
123. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design 1993, 570-571. Cited in, McGraw-Hill, New York. Seventh Ed.
124. Ramsey J.D. Occupational Vibration. Occupational Medicine: Principles and Practical Applications 1975, 553-562. C. Zenz (Ed.).
125. Ramsey J.D. Task Performance in Heat: A Review. Ergonomics 1995, 38(no. 1):154-165.
126. Ross D. Task Lighting-Yet Another View. Lighting Design and Application 1978, 37-42.
127. Rosseger R., Rosseger S. Health Effects of Tractor Driving. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 1960, 5:241-275.
128. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design 1993, 551-588. McGraw-Hill, New York. Seventh Ed.
129. Seidel H., Heide R. Long-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration: A Critical Survey of the Literature. International Archives of Occupational and Environ- mental Health 1986, 58:1-26.
130. Sinks T., Mathias C., Halpern W., Timbrook C., Newman S. Surveillance of Work-Related Cold Injuries Using Workers' Compensation Claims. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety 1987, 29:505-509.
131. Strydom N. Age as a Causal Factor in Heat Stroke. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 1971, 72:112-114.
132. Timbal J., Loncle M., Boutelier C. Mathematical Model of Man's Toler- ance to Cold Using Morphological Factors. Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 1976, 47:958-964.
133. University of Michigan Energy Expenditure Prediction Model 1988, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
134. Waller R.A. Office Acoustics-Effect of Background Noise. Applied Acoustics 1969, 2:121-130.
135. Whitham E.M., Griffin M.J. The Effects of Vibration Frequency and Direction on the Location of Areas of Discomfort Caused by Whole-Body Vibration. Applied Ergonomics 1978, 9(no. 4):231-239.
136. Wotton E. Lighting the Electronic Office. The Ergonomics Payoff, Designing the Electronic Office 1986, 196-214. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Toronto. R. Lueder (Ed.).
137. Wright G., Rea M. Age, a Human Factor in Lighting. Proceedings of the 1984 International Conference on Occupational Ergonomics 1984, 508-512. Human Factors Association of Canada, Rexdale, Ont., Canada. D. Attwood, C. McCann (Eds.).
138. Wyndham C. Research in the Human Sciences in the Gold Mining Industry. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 1974, 113-136.
139. Amell T.K., Kumar S. Industrial Handwheel Actuation and the Human Operator: A Review. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2001, 28:291-302.
140. Attwood D.A., Nicolich M.J., Pritchard K.K., Smolar T.J., Swensen E.E. Valve Wheel Rim Force Capabilities of Process Operators. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting 1999.
141. Boff K.R., Lincoln J.E. Engineering Data Compendium: Human Perception and Performance 1988, AAMRL, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Fairborn, OH.
142. Bollen L.A., van der Schaaf T.W How to Survive Process Control Automation. Fifth International Conference on Human Computer Interaction 1993, Harcourt, Orlando, FL. vol. 1
143. Chang S.H., Choi S.S., Park J.K., Heo G., Kim H.G. Development of an Advanced Human-Machine Interface for Next Generation Nuclear Power Plants. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 1999, 64:109-126.
144. Connelly C.S. Toward an Understanding of DCS Control Operator Workload. Instrument Society of America Transactions 1995, 34:175-184.
145. Danz-Reece M.E., Noerager J.A. Process Control Interface Issues in the Upstream. Society of Petroleum Engineers International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment 1998, Paper No. SPE 46425. Caracas, Venezuela.
146. Eason K.D. User Centered Design: For Users or by Users?. Inaugural lecture at the IEA Annual Meeting 1994. Toronto Canada
147. Eastman Kodak Company Ergonomic Design for People at Work 1983, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
148. Electric Power Research Institute Human Factors Review of Electric Power Dispatch Control Centers 1981, vol. 2. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
149. Gilmore W.E., Gertman D.I., Blackman H.S. The User-Computer Interface in Process Control 1989, Academic Press, San Diego.
150. Instrument Society of America Human Engineering for Control Centers 1985, Recommended practice ISA-RP60.3, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
151. Instrument Society of America Graphic Symbols for Process Displays 1986, American National Standard ANSI/ISA-S5.5-1985, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
152. Instrument Society of America Instrumentation Symbols and Identification 1992, American National Standard ANSI/ISA-S5.1-1984(R1992), Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
153. Instrument Society of America Human-Machine Interface: Task Analysis 1993, Draft recommended practice ISA-dRP77.65, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
154. Instrument Society of America Human-Machine Interface: CRT Displays 1995, Draft technical report ISA-dTR77.64.01, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
155. Instrument Society of America Human-Machine Interface: Alarms 1995, Draft recommended practice ISA-dRP77.62, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
156. International Instrument Users' Associations (WIB) Ergonomics in Process Control Rooms. Part L Engineering Guidelines. Report M2655X98 1998, The Hague.
157. International Instrument Users' Associations (WIB) Ergonomics in Process Control Rooms. Part 2. Design Guidelines. Report M2656X98 1998, The Hague.
158. International Instrument Users' Associations (WIB) Ergonomics in Process Control Rooms. Part 3. Analysis. Report M2657X97 1998, The Hague.
159. ISO Ergonomic Requirements for the Design of Displays and Control Actuators. Part 1. Human Interactions with Displays and Control Actuators 1999, ISO 9355-1:1999, International Standards Organization, Geneva.
160. ISO Ergonomic Requirements for the Design of Displays and Control Actuators. Part 2. Displays 1999, International Standards Organization, Geneva.
161. Kawai K. An Intelligent Mulitmedia Human Interface for Highly Automated Combined-Cycle Plants. Control Engineering Practice 1997, 3:401-406.
162. Kletz T. What Went Wrong? Case Histories of Process Plant Disasters 1998, Gulf, Houston, TX. Fourth Ed.
163. Mulley R. Control System Documentation 1994, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
164. O'Hara J. Advanced Human-System Interface Design Review Guideline 1993, NUREG/CR-5908, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.
165. O'Hara J., Brown W., Higgins J., Stubler W. Human Factors Engineering Guidance for the Review of Advanced Alarm Systems 1994, NUREG/CR-6105, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.
166. Olsson G., Lee P.L. Effective Interfaces for Process Operators-A Prototype. Journal of Process Control 1994, 4(no. 2).
167. Pennycook W.A., Danz-Reece M.E. Practical Examples of Human Error Analysis in Operations. Proceedings of the 1994 Society of Petroleum Engineer's Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in Jakarta, Ind 1994, Paper SPE27262.
168. Pikaar R.N. Man-Machine Interaction in Process Control. Human Decision Making and Manual Control 1986, North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam. H.P. Willumeit (Ed.).
169. Rankin W.L., Rideout T., Trigs T., Ames K. Computerized Annun- ciator Systems 1985, NUREG/CR-3987, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington DC.
170. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design 1987, McGraw-Hill, New York. Sixth Ed.
171. Shih Y., Wang M.J., Chang C. The Effect of Valve Hand Wheel Type, Operating Plane and Grasping Posture on Peak Torque Strength of Young Men And Women. Human Factors 1997, 39(no. 3):96-489.
172. Staples L.J. The Task Analysis Process for a New Reactor. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 1993, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA.
173. Stultz S., Schroeder L.R. Incorporating human engineering principles in dis- tributed controls upgrades 1988, Paper 88-0421, 1988, Instrument Society of America, Research Triangle Park, NC.
174. Swensen, E. (2000) Personal Communication.
175. U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission Guidelines for Control Room Reviews 1981, NUREG-0700, 1981, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
176. U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission Human Engineering Design Considerations for Cathode-Ray-Tube Generated Displays 1982, NUREG/CR-2496, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
177. van der Schaaf T.W Interface Design for Process Control Tasks. Report EUT/BDK/45 1989, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
178. van der Schaaf T.W., Kragt H. Redesigning a Control Room from an Ergonomic Point of View: A Case Study of User Participation in a Chemical Plant. Enhancing Industrial Performance 1992, Taylor and Francis, London. H. Kragt (Ed.).
179. Van Laar D., Deshe O. Evaluation of a Visual Layering Methodology for Colour Coding Control Room Displays. Applied Ergonomics 2002, 33:371-377.
180. Vicente K.J., Rasmussen J. The Ecology of Human-Machine Systems II: Mediating 'Direct Perception' in Complex Work Domains. Ecological Psychology 1990, 2(no. 3):207-249.
181. ABS Guidance Notes on the Application of Ergonomics to Marine Systems 1998, American Bureau of Shipping, New York.
182. ANSI/HFES American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering Design of Visual Display Terminal Workstations 1988, ANSI/HFS Standard 100-1988, Human Factors Society, Santa Monica, CA.
183. ASM ASM Consortium Guidelines: Effective Operator Display Design 2002, Abnormal Situation Management Consortium, Honeywell Laboratories, Minneapo-lis, MN.
184. Attwood D.A. Applied Workstation Design. Distance Education in Ergonom-ics, Section 12. Post-diploma course in Occupational Safety and Occupational Hygiene 1985, Community College Network of Ontario.
185. Attwood D.A. Office Relocation Sourcebook. A Guide to Managing Staff through-out the Move 1996, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
186. Attwood D.A., Nicolich M.J., Doney K.P., Smolar T.J., Swensen E.E. Valve Wheel Rim Force Capabilities of Process Operators. Journal of Loss Pre-vention in the Process Industries 2002, 15:233-239.
187. CCPS Guidelines for Preventing Human Error in Process Safety 1994, Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York.
188. CSA Office Ergonomics: A National Standard of Canada 1989, CAN/CSA-Z412M89, Canadian Standards Association, Toronto, ON, Canada.
189. Eastman Kodak Ergonomic Design for People at Work 1983, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
190. EEMUA Process Plant Control Desks Utilising Human Computer Interfaces: A Guide to Design, Operational and Human Interface Issues 2002, Technical Publication 201, Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association, London.
191. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, Taylor and Francis, London.
192. Grandjean E. Ergonomics in Computerized Offices 1995, Taylor and Francis, New York.
193. HSE Decks, Stairways, Gangways and Their Asso-ciated Handrails. Report 2001/69 2001, (prepared by Bornel Limited), Health and Safety Executive, London.
194. Joyce M., Wallersteiner U. Ergonomics: Humanizing the Automated Office 1989, South-Western Publishing, Cincinnati, OH.
195. Mital A., Nicholson A.S., Ayoub M.M. A Guide to Manual Materials Han-dling 1993, Taylor and Francis, London.
196. Nimmo I. Determining Operator Workload and Console Loading Is More Than a Simple Loop Count 2002, User Centered Design Services, LLC, Anthem, AZ.
197. NPD Regulations Relating to the Systematic Follow-up of the Working Environ-ment in Petroleum Activities 1977, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Oslo.
198. OSHA Stairways and Ladders 1997, Regulation 3124, US Depart-ment of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Washington, DC.
199. Pheasant S. Body space: Anthropometry, Ergonomics, and the Design of Work 1994, Taylor and Francis, New York. Second Ed.
200. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors in Engineering and Design 1993, McGraw-Hill, New York. Seventh Ed.
201. Strobhar D.A. Controller Workload: What Are They Doing and Why Are They Doing So Much of It? 2002, Beville Engineering, Dayton, OH.
202. VanCott H.P., Kinkade R.G. Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design. Sponsored by the Joint US Army-Navy-Air Force Steering Committee 1972, American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC.
203. Aanonsen A. Shift Work on Health. Norwegian Monographs on Medical Sciences 1964, Universitets Forlaget, Oslo.
204. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, 217-230. Cited in, Taylor and Francis, London. Fourth Ed.
205. Aryee S., Tan K. Antecedents and Outcomes of Career Commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1992, 40:288-305.
206. Barnes R.M. An Investigation of Some Hand Motions Used in Factory Work. Bulletin 6 1936, University of Iowa, Studies in Engineering, Iowa City.
207. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, 217-230. Cited in, Taylor and Francis, London. Fourth Ed.
208. Barnes R.M. Motion and Time Study 1949, John Wiley, New York. Third Ed.
209. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1949, 217-230. Cited in, Taylor and Francis, London. Fourth Ed.
210. Benson H. The Relaxation Response. Stress and Coping: An Anthology 1985, 315-321. Columbia University Press, New York. Second Ed. A. Monat, R.S. Lazarus (Eds.).
211. Bhatia N., Murrell K.F.H. An Industrial Experiment in Organized Rest Pauses. Human Factors 1969, 11:167-174.
212. Buunk B.P., Janssen P.P.M. Relative Deprivation, Career Issues, and Mental Health among Men in Mid-Life. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1992, 40:338-350.
213. Deeb J.M., Danz-Reece M.E., Smolar T.J. Industry Experience with Behavior-Based Safety Programs: A Survey. Proceedings of the International Ergonomics Association 2000 and Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2000 Congress 2000, 213-215.
214. Drury C.G. Task Analysis Methods in Industry. Applied Ergonomics 1983, 14(no. 1):19-28.
215. Drury C.G., Paramore B., Van Cott H.P., Grey S.M., Corlett E.N. Task Analysis. Handbook of Human Factors 1987, 370-401. John Wiley & Sons, New York. G. Salvendy (Ed.).
216. Folkand S., Monk T.H. Shift Work and Performance. Human Factors 1979, 21:92-483.
217. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, Taylor and Francis, London. Fourth Ed.
218. Haworth N., Heffernan C. Information for Development of an Educational Program to Reduce Fatigue-Related Truck Accidents. Report 4 1977, Monash University Accident Research Center, Victoria, Australia.
219. Hildebrandt G., Rohmert W., Rutenfranz J. Twelve and 24-Hour Rhythms in Error Frequency of Locomotive Drivers and the Influence of Tiredness. International Journal of Chronobiology 1974, 2:97-110.
220. Home J.A., Anderson N.R., Wilkinson R.T. Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Signal Detection Measures of Vigilance: Implications for Sleep Function. Sleep 1983, 6:347-358.
221. Ivancevich J.M., Matteson M.T. Promoting the Individual's Health and Weil-Being. Causes, Coping and Consequences of Stress at Work 1988, 267-299. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. C.L. Cooper, R. Payne (Eds.).
222. Karasek R.A. Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly 1979, 24:285-306.
223. Kelly R.J., Schneider M.F. The 12-Hour Shift Revisited: Recent Trends in the Electric Power Industry. Journal of Human Ergology 1982, 11(supplement):369-384.
224. Kirton M. Adaptors and Innovators: Style of Creativity and Problem Solving 1994, Routledge Publisher, London, UK.
225. Kirwan B., Ainsworth L.K. A Guide to Task Analysis 1992, Taylor and Francis Publishers, London.
226. Lindstrom K. Weil-Being and Computer-Mediated Work of Various Occupational Groups in Banking and Insurance. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 1991, 3(no. 4):339-361.
227. Matsumoto K., Matsui T., Kawamori M., Kogi K. Effects of Night Time Naps on Sleep Pattern of Shift Workers. Journal of Human Ergology 1982, 11(supplement):279-289.
228. Monk T.H., Folkard S. Making Shift Work Tolerable 1992, Taylor and Francis, London.
229. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) Factors That Affect Fatigue in Heavy Truck Accidents. Case Summaries 1995, NTSB number: ss-95/02. NTIS number:PB95-917002. Washington, DC.
230. Presser H.B., Cain V.S. Shift Work among Dual-Earner Couples with Children. Science 1983, 219:876-878.
231. Rasmussen J. Skill, Rules, Knowledge: Signals, Signs, and Symbols and Other Distinctions in Human Performance Models. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 1983, SMC-13(no. 3):257-267.
232. Rasmussen J. Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering 1986, Elsevier, New York.
233. Russell J.E.A. Career Development Interventions in Organizations. Journal of Vocational Behavior 1991, 38:237-287.
234. Rutenfranz J., Knauth P. Rhythmusphysiologie und Schichtarbeit in Schichtund Nachtarbeit 1976, Institut fur Gesellschafts Politik, Sensenverlag, Vienna.
235. Grandjean E. Fitting the Task to the Man 1988, 217-230. Cited in, Taylor and Francis, London. Fourth Ed.
236. Sergean R. Managing Shiftwork 1971, Gower Press, Industrial Society, London.
237. Smith M.J., Carayon P. New Technology, Automation and Work Organization: Stress Problems and Improved Technology Implementation Strategies. International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing 1995, 5:99-116.
238. Summala H., Mikkolo L. Fatal Accidents among Car and Truck Drivers: Effects of Fatigue, Age, and Alcohol Consumption. Human Factors 1994, 36:315-326.
239. Tepas D.I. Flexitime, Compressed Work Weeks, and Other Alternative Work Schedules. Hours of Work 1985, John Wiley & Sons, New York. S. Folkand, T.H. Monk (Eds.).
240. Tepas D.I. Educational Program for Shift Workers, Their Families, and Prospective Shift Workers. Ergonomics 1993, 36:199-209.
241. Tepas D.L., Monk T.H. Work Schedules. Handbook of Human Factors 1987, 819-843. John Wiley & Sons., New York. G. Salvendy (Ed.).
242. Tepas D.I., Paley M.J., Popkin S.M. Work Schedules and Sustained Performance. Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics 1997, 1021-1058. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Second Ed. G. Salvendy (Ed.).
243. Thiis-Evenson E. Shift Work and Health. Industrial Medicine 1958, 27:97-493.
244. Weddeburn A.A.I. How Important Are the Social Effects of Shift Work. Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Shiftwork 1981, 257-269. S.P. Medical and Scientific Books, New York. L.C. Johnson, D.I. Tepas, W.P. Colquhoun, N.J. Colligan (Eds.).
245. Yang C.L., Carayon P. Effects of Job Demands and Social Support on Worker Stress: A Study of VDT Users. Behavior and Information Technology 1995, 14(1):32-40.
246. Attwood D.A. Understanding and Dealing with Human Error in the Oil, Gas and Chemical Industries. Presentation for the Center for Human Process Safety 1998. San Antonio, TX.
247. Bishop H., Madnick B., Walter R., Sussman E.D. Potential for Driver Attention Monitoring System Development. Report DOT-TSC-NHTSA-85-1 1985, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA.
248. Canadian Royal Commission on the Ocean Ranger Marine Disaster Report One: The Loss of the Semisubmersible Drill Rig Ocean Ranger and Its Crew 1984, Publication no. Z1-1982/1-IE. St. John's, Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Newfoundland.
249. Center for Chemical Process Safety Guidelines for Preventing Human Error in Process Safety 1994, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York.
250. Center for Chemical Process Safety Writing Effective Operating and Maintenance Procedures 1996, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York.
251. Chapanis A. Human Factors in Systems Engineering 1996, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
252. Connelly C.S. Toward an Understanding of DCS Control Operator Workload. Instrument Society of America Transactions 1995, 34:175-184.
253. Cullen Lord Report on Piper Alpha Accident 1990, Her Majesty's Stationers Office, London.
254. D'Amico A.D., Kaufman E., Saxe C. A Simulation Study of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation, Time of Watch and Length of Time on Watch on Watchstanding Effectiveness 1986, Tech. Rep. CAORF-16-8122-02, U.S.D.O.T., National Maritime Research Center, Washington, DC.
255. Danaher J.W. Human Error in Air Traffic Control (ATC) System Operations. Human Factors 1980, 22:535-545.
256. Davies D.R., Parasuraman R. The Psychology of Vigilance 1982, Academic Press, New York.
257. Donderi D.C. Visual Acuity, Color Vision and Visual Search Performance at Sea. International Ergonomics Association 1994 Congress 1994, 224. Vol.4 , Toronto, August 1994.
258. Exxon Mobil Corporate Safety, Health and Environment Progress Report 2001, Available at. http://ExxonMobil.com.
259. Goldstein I. Training in Organizations 1993, Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
260. Gordon S.E. Systematic Training Program Design 1994, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
261. Haas P.M. Human Performance Engineering: A Practical Approach to Application of Human Factors. National Petrochemical Refiners Association (NRPA) National Safety Conference 1999, Paper no. NSC-99-108. 1999. Dallas, TX.
262. Hart S.G., Staveland L.E. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Experimental and Theoretical Research. Human Mental Workload 1988, 129-183. North Holland Press, Amsterdam. P.A. Hancock, N. Meshkati (Eds.).
263. Heising C.D., Grenzebach W.S. The Ocean Ranger Oil Rig Disaster: A Risk Analysis. Risk Analysis 1989, 9(no. 1):55-62.
264. Hudack S.D., Duchon J.C. A Safety Risk Evaluation of Vigilance Tasks in the U.S. Surface Mining Industry. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Off Highway Haulage in Surface Mines 1989, Balkema Publishers. I.S. Golosinski, V. Srajer (Eds.). May 1989. Edmonton, Alberta
265. Hulbert S.E, Dompe R.J., Eirls J.L. Driver Alertness Monitoring System for Large Haulage Vehicles 1982, 120. Tracor MBA, Bureau of Mines OFR 119-83 Contract H0282006 NTIS PB 83-220640. Springfield, VA.
266. Kletz T. An Engineer's View of Human Error 1991, Institute of Chemical Engineers, Rugby, Warwickshire, UK.
267. Kletz T. What Went Wrong? Case Histories of Process Plant Disasters 1998, Gulf, Houston, TX. Fourth Ed.
268. Koelega H.S. Stimulant Drugs and Vigilance Performance: A Review. Psychopharmacology 1993, 111:1-16.
269. Koelega H.S., Brinkman J.-A. Noise and Vigilance: An Evaluative Review. Human Factors 1986, 28(4):465-481.
270. Landstrom U. Noise and Fatigue in Working Environment. Environment International 1990, 16:471-476.
271. Moray N. The Role of Attention in the Detection of Errors and the Diagnosis if Failures in Man-Machine Systems. Human Detection and Diagnoses of System Failures 1981, Plenum Press, New York. J. Rassmussen, W.B. Rouuse (Eds.).
272. Moskowitz H. Marijuana and Driving. Accident Analysis and Prevention 1985, 17(4):323-342.
273. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Training Requirements in OSHA Standards and Training Guidelines 1988, OSHA Publication No. 2254, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC.
274. Noerager J.A., Danz-Reece M.E., Pennycook W.A. HFAST: A Tool to Assess Human Error Potential in Operations. Offshore Technology Conference 1999. Houston TX.
275. Norin F., Wyon D.P. Driver Vigilance-The Effects of Compartment Temperature. Report No. 920168 1992, Society of Automotive Engineers at SAE World Congress, Warrendale, PA: SAE.
276. NUS Training Corporation Procedure Writing Workshop Manual 1995, NUS Training Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD. Seventh Ed.
277. Pennycook W.A., Danz-Reece M.E. Practical Examples of Human Error Analysis in Operations. Society of Petroleum Engineers International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment 1994, Paper no. SPE 27262. Jakarta, Indonesia.
278. Ray P.S. Effects of Fatigue and Heat Stress on Vigilance of Workers in Protective Clothing. Proceedings, 35th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society 1991, 885-889.
279. Reason J. Human Error 1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
280. Rogers W.A., Lamson N., Rousseau G. Warning Research: An Integrative Perspective. Human Factors and Ergonomics 2000, 42(no. 1):102-139.
281. Sanders M.S., McCormick E.J. Human Factors Engineering and Design 1993, McGraw-Hill, New York. Seventh Ed.
282. Thomas J.J., Noerager J.A., Danz-Reece M.E., Pennycook W.A. Systematic Assessment of Human Error Potential in Operations. Society of Petroleum Engineers International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment 2000, Paper no. SPE 60999. Stavanger, Norway.
283. U.K.Health and Safety Executive Reducing Error and Influencing Behavior 1999, HSG48. London, U.K.
284. U.S.Department of Energy Guide to Good Practices for Equipment and Piping Labeling 1993, DOE-STD-1044-93, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
285. U.S. OSHA 29CFR 1910.119. Regulation on the Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals.
286. Weimer J. Research Techniques in Human Engineering 1995, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
287. Wickens C.D. Engineering Psychology and Human Performance 1984, Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenview, IL.
288. Wieringa D., Moore C., Barnes V. Procedure Writing 1993, Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
289. Attwood D.A., Fennell D.J. Cost-Effective Human Factors Techniques for Process Safety. CCPS International Conference and Workshop 2001. Toronto, ON, Canada.
290. Robertson N. Starting Right: Sable Offshore Energy Project's HFE Program. Proceedings, 1999 Offshore Technology Conference 1999. Houston, TX.