-
1
-
-
84890837785
-
Detecting Sirex noctilio grey-attacked and lightning-struck pine trees using airborne hyperspectral data, random forest and support vector machines classifiers. ISPRS
-
Abdel-Rahman, E.M., Mutanga, O., Adam, E., and Ismail, R. 2014 Detecting Sirex noctilio grey-attacked and lightning-struck pine trees using airborne hyperspectral data, random forest and support vector machines classifiers. ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens. 88: 48–59. doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.11.013
-
(2014)
J. Photogramm. Remote Sens
, vol.88
, pp. 48-59
-
-
Abdel-Rahman, E.M.1
Mutanga, O.2
Adam, E.3
Ismail, R.4
-
2
-
-
84942617150
-
Field guide to diseases and insects of the Rocky Mountain Region. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Forest Health Protection
-
RMRS-GTR-241
-
Allen, K.K., Blodgett, J.T., Burns, K.S., Cain, R.J., Costello, S.L., Eager, T.J., Harris, J.L., Howell, B.E., Mask, R.A., Schaupp, W.C., Jr., Witcosky, J.J., and Worrall, J.J. 2010 Field guide to diseases and insects of the Rocky Mountain Region. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Forest Health Protection, Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-241
-
(2010)
Gen. Tech. Rep
-
-
Allen, K.K.1
Blodgett, J.T.2
Burns, K.S.3
Cain, R.J.4
Costello, S.L.5
Eager, T.J.6
Harris, J.L.7
Howell, B.E.8
Mask, R.A.9
Schaupp, W.C.10
Witcosky, J.J.11
Worrall, J.J.12
-
3
-
-
0001839577
-
Observations on climatic damage in peat swamp forest in Sarawak
-
Anderson, J.A.R. 1964 Observations on climatic damage in peat swamp forest in Sarawak. Commonwealth For. Rev. 43: 145–158
-
(1964)
Commonwealth For. Rev
, vol.43
, pp. 145-158
-
-
Anderson, J.1
-
4
-
-
0036991788
-
A model to predict lightning-caused fire occurrences
-
Anderson, K. 2002 A model to predict lightning-caused fire occurrences. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11(4): 163–172. doi:10.1071/WF02001
-
(2002)
Int. J. Wildland Fire
, vol.11
, Issue.4
, pp. 163-172
-
-
Anderson, K.1
-
5
-
-
85053542646
-
-
CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
-
Andrews, C.J., Cooper, M.A., Darveniza, M., and Mackerras, D. (Editors). 1992 Lightning injuries: electrical, medical, and legal aspects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
-
(1992)
Lightning Injuries: Electrical, Medical, and Legal Aspects
-
-
Andrews, C.J.1
Cooper, M.A.2
Darveniza, M.3
Mackerras, D.4
-
6
-
-
84924049053
-
Which trees attract lightning? Mon
-
Anonymous
-
Anonymous. 1898 Which trees attract lightning? Mon. Weather Rev. 26(6): 257–258. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1898)26[257e:WTAL]2.0.CO;2
-
(1898)
Weather Rev
, vol.26
, Issue.6
, pp. 257-258
-
-
-
7
-
-
34247529572
-
Longevity of lightning-struck trees and notes on wildlife use
-
Baker, W.W. 1973 Longevity of lightning-struck trees and notes on wildlife use. Proc. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 13: 497–504
-
(1973)
Proc. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf
, vol.13
, pp. 497-504
-
-
Baker, W.W.1
-
9
-
-
0035104722
-
Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud–cloud-toground lightning ratio over the continental United States
-
Boccippio, D.J., Cummins, K.L., Christian, H.J., and Goodman, S.J. 2001 Combined satellite- and surface-based estimation of the intracloud–cloud-toground lightning ratio over the continental United States. Mon. Weather Rev. 129(1): 108–122. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<0108:CSASBE>2.0.CO;2
-
(2001)
Mon. Weather Rev
, vol.129
, Issue.1
, pp. 108-122
-
-
Boccippio, D.J.1
Cummins, K.L.2
Christian, H.J.3
Goodman, S.J.4
-
11
-
-
0000975708
-
Quantitative study of strokes and continuing currents in lightning discharges to ground
-
Brook, M., Kitagawa, N., and Workman, E.J. 1962 Quantitative study of strokes and continuing currents in lightning discharges to ground. J. Geophys. Res. 57(2): 649–659. doi:10.1029/JZ067i002p00649
-
(1962)
J. Geophys. Res
, vol.57
, Issue.2
, pp. 649-659
-
-
Brook, M.1
Kitagawa, N.2
Workman, E.J.3
-
12
-
-
13444282143
-
Tree mortality, canopy turnover, and woody detritus in old cove forests of the southern Appalachians
-
Busing, R.T. 2005 Tree mortality, canopy turnover, and woody detritus in old cove forests of the southern Appalachians. Ecology, 86: 73–84. doi:10.1890/04-0410
-
(2005)
Ecology
, vol.86
, pp. 73-84
-
-
Busing, R.T.1
-
13
-
-
0142178815
-
The causes and rate of decadence in stands of virgin longleaf pine
-
Chapman, H.H. 1923 The causes and rate of decadence in stands of virgin longleaf pine. Lumber Trade J. 84(6): 11, 16–17
-
(1923)
Lumber Trade J
, vol.84
, Issue.6
, pp. 16-17
-
-
Chapman, H.H.1
-
14
-
-
77956624791
-
Lightning in the longleaf
-
Chapman, H.H. 1950 Lightning in the longleaf. Am. For. 56(1): 10–11, 34
-
(1950)
Am. For
, vol.56
, Issue.1
-
-
Chapman, H.H.1
-
15
-
-
0242376424
-
Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector
-
Christian, H.J., Blakeslee, R.J., Boccippio, D.J., Boeck, W.L., Buechler, D.E., Driscoll, K.T., Goodman, S.J., Hall, J.M., Koshak, W.J., Mach, D.M., and Stewart, M.F. 2003 Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector. J. Geophys. Res. 108: 4005. doi:10.1029/2002JD002347
-
(2003)
J. Geophys. Res
, vol.108
, pp. 4005
-
-
Christian, H.J.1
Blakeslee, R.J.2
Boccippio, D.J.3
Boeck, W.L.4
Buechler, D.E.5
Driscoll, K.T.6
Goodman, S.J.7
Hall, J.M.8
Koshak, W.J.9
Mach, D.M.10
Stewart, M.F.11
-
16
-
-
33846103455
-
Detecting tropical forests' responses to global climatic and atmospheric change: Current challenges and a way forward
-
Clark, D.A. 2007 Detecting tropical forests' responses to global climatic and atmospheric change: current challenges and a way forward. Biotropica, 39(1): 4–19. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00227.x.
-
(2007)
Biotropica
, vol.39
, Issue.1
, pp. 4-19
-
-
Clark, D.A.1
-
17
-
-
0026283989
-
The impact of physical damage on canopy tree regeneration in a tropical rain forest
-
Clark, D.B., and Clark, D.A. 1991 The impact of physical damage on canopy tree regeneration in a tropical rain forest. J. Ecol. 79: 447–457. doi:10.2307/2260725
-
(1991)
J. Ecol
, vol.79
, pp. 447-457
-
-
Clark, D.B.1
Clark, D.A.2
-
18
-
-
0027090736
-
Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a Neotropical rain forest
-
Clark, D.A., and Clark, D.B. 1992 Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a Neotropical rain forest. Ecol. Mongr. 62(3): 315–344. doi:10.2307/2937114
-
(1992)
Ecol. Mongr
, vol.62
, Issue.3
, pp. 315-344
-
-
Clark, D.A.1
Clark, D.B.2
-
19
-
-
0026307830
-
Causes of mortality of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees
-
Conner, R.N., Rudolph, D.C., Kulhavy, D.L., and Snow, A.E. 1991 Causes of mortality of red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees. J. Wildl. Manage. 55(3): 531–537. doi:10.2307/3808986
-
(1991)
J. Wildl. Manage
, vol.55
, Issue.3
, pp. 531-537
-
-
Conner, R.N.1
Rudolph, D.C.2
Kulhavy, D.L.3
Snow, A.E.4
-
20
-
-
84977611504
-
The role of lightning in the epidemiology of the Southern Pine Beetle. Z
-
Coulson, R.N., Hennier, P.B., Flamm, R.O., Rykiel, E.J., Hu, L.C., and Payne, T.L. 1983 The role of lightning in the epidemiology of the Southern Pine Beetle. Z. Angew. Entomol. 96: 182–193. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1983.tb03659.x.
-
(1983)
Angew. Entomol
, vol.96
, pp. 182-193
-
-
Coulson, R.N.1
Hennier, P.B.2
Flamm, R.O.3
Rykiel, E.J.4
Hu, L.C.5
Payne, T.L.6
-
21
-
-
0033593843
-
Heterogeneity of forest landscapes and the distribution and abundance of the southern pine beetle
-
Coulson, R.N., McFadden, B.A., Pulley, P.E., Lovelady, C.N., Fitzgerald, J.W., and Jack, S.B. 1999 Heterogeneity of forest landscapes and the distribution and abundance of the southern pine beetle. For. Ecol. Manage. 114: 471–485. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00376-4
-
(1999)
For. Ecol. Manage
, vol.114
, pp. 471-485
-
-
Coulson, R.N.1
McFadden, B.A.2
Pulley, P.E.3
Lovelady, C.N.4
Fitzgerald, J.W.5
Jack, S.B.6
-
22
-
-
84924026370
-
Why an oak is often struck by lightning: A method of protect-ing trees against lightning
-
Covert, R.N. 1924 Why an oak is often struck by lightning: a method of protect- ing trees against lightning. Mon. Weather Rev. 52(10): 492–493. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1924)52<492:WAOIOS>2.0.CO;2
-
(1924)
Mon. Weather Rev
, vol.52
, Issue.10
, pp. 492-493
-
-
Covert, R.N.1
-
23
-
-
69649093347
-
An overview of lightning locating systems: History, techniques, and data uses, with an in-depth look at the U.S. NLDN
-
Cummins, K.L., and Murphy, M.J. 2009 An overview of lightning locating systems: history, techniques, and data uses, with an in-depth look at the U.S. NLDN. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 51(3): 499–518. doi:10.1109/TEMC.2009.2023450
-
(2009)
IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat
, vol.51
, Issue.3
, pp. 499-518
-
-
Cummins, K.L.1
Murphy, M.J.2
-
24
-
-
0034800416
-
Climate change and forest disturbances
-
Dale, V.H., Joyce, L.A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R.P., Ayres, M.P., Flannigan, M.D., Hanson, P.J., Irland, L.C., Lugo, A.E., Peterson, C.J., Simberloff, D., Swanson, F.J., Stocks, B.J., and Wotton, B.M. 2001 Climate change and forest disturbances. BioScience, 51(9): 723–734. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0723: CCAFD]2.0.CO;2
-
(2001)
Bioscience
, vol.51
, Issue.9
, pp. 723-734
-
-
Dale, V.H.1
Joyce, L.A.2
McNulty, S.3
Neilson, R.P.4
Ayres, M.P.5
Flannigan, M.D.6
Hanson, P.J.7
Irland, L.C.8
Lugo, A.E.9
Peterson, C.J.10
Simberloff, D.11
Swanson, F.J.12
Stocks, B.J.13
Wotton, B.M.14
-
25
-
-
0007729885
-
Line design and electrical properties of wood
-
Darveniza, M., Limbourn, G.J., and Prentice, S.A. 1967 Line design and electrical properties of wood. IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. 86(11): 1344–1356. doi:10.1109/TPAS.1967.291811
-
(1967)
IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst
, vol.86
, Issue.11
, pp. 1344-1356
-
-
Darveniza, M.1
Limbourn, G.J.2
Prentice, S.A.3
-
26
-
-
84924031740
-
A tree from the viewpoint of lightning
-
Defandorf, F.M. 1955 A tree from the viewpoint of lightning. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 45(11): 333–339
-
(1955)
J. Wash. Acad. Sci
, vol.45
, Issue.11
, pp. 333-339
-
-
Defandorf, F.M.1
-
28
-
-
0004244021
-
-
University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan
-
Dorr, J.A., Jr., and Eschman, D.F. 1970 Geology of Michigan. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
-
(1970)
Geology of Michigan
-
-
Dorr, J.A.1
Eschman, D.F.2
-
29
-
-
77049124281
-
Isolating the lightning ignition regime from a contemporary background fire regime in east-central Florida
-
Duncan, B.W., Adrian, F.W., and Stolen, E.D. 2010 Isolating the lightning ignition regime from a contemporary background fire regime in east-central Florida, U.S.A. Can. J. For. Res. 40: 286–297. doi:10.1139/X09-193
-
(2010)
U.S.A. Can. J. For. Res
, vol.40
, pp. 286-297
-
-
Duncan, B.W.1
Adrian, F.W.2
Stolen, E.D.3
-
30
-
-
0031259719
-
Forest health assessment and monitoring—issues for consideration
-
Ferretti, M. 1996 Forest health assessment and monitoring—issues for consideration. Environ. Monitor. Assess. 48: 45–72. doi:10.1023/A:1005748702893
-
(1996)
Environ. Monitor. Assess
, vol.48
, pp. 45-72
-
-
Ferretti, M.1
-
31
-
-
36849164722
-
Triggered lightning hazards
-
Fieux, R., and Hubert, P. 1976 Triggered lightning hazards. Nature, 260: 188. doi:10.1038/260188a0
-
(1976)
Nature
, vol.260
, pp. 188
-
-
Fieux, R.1
Hubert, P.2
-
32
-
-
0008122248
-
Artificially triggered lightning above land
-
Fieux, R., Gary, C., and Hubert, P. 1975 Artificially triggered lightning above land. Nature, 257: 212–214. doi:10.1038/257212a0
-
(1975)
Nature
, vol.257
, pp. 212-214
-
-
Fieux, R.1
Gary, C.2
Hubert, P.3
-
33
-
-
0021558007
-
The location of lightning-caused wildland fires, northern Idaho
-
Fowler, P.M., and Asleson, D.O. 1984 The location of lightning-caused wildland fires, northern Idaho. Phys. Geogr. 5: 240–252. doi:10.1080/02723646.1984.10642256
-
(1984)
Phys. Geogr
, vol.5
, pp. 240-252
-
-
Fowler, P.M.1
Asleson, D.O.2
-
34
-
-
0001511750
-
Tree death as an ecological process
-
Franklin, J.F., Shugart, H.H., and Harmon, M.E. 1987 Tree death as an ecological process. BioScience, 37(8): 550–556. doi:10.2307/1310665
-
(1987)
Bioscience
, vol.37
, Issue.8
, pp. 550-556
-
-
Franklin, J.F.1
Shugart, H.H.2
Harmon, M.E.3
-
35
-
-
0000554301
-
Lightning discharges that caused forest fires
-
Fuquay, D.M., Taylor, A.R., Hawe, R.G., and Schmid, C.W., Jr. 1972 Lightning discharges that caused forest fires. J. Geophys. Res. 77(12): 2156–2158. doi:10.1029/JC077i012p02156
-
(1972)
J. Geophys. Res
, vol.77
, Issue.12
, pp. 2156-2158
-
-
Fuquay, D.M.1
Taylor, A.R.2
Hawe, R.G.3
Schmid, C.W.4
-
37
-
-
0033065560
-
Effects of long-term fire exclusion on tree species composition and stand structure in an old-growth Pinus palustris (Longleaf pine) forest
-
Gilliam, F.S., and Platt, W.J. 1999 Effects of long-term fire exclusion on tree species composition and stand structure in an old-growth Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) forest. Plant Ecol. 140: 15–26. doi:10.1023/A:1009776020438
-
(1999)
Plant Ecol
, vol.140
, pp. 15-26
-
-
Gilliam, F.S.1
Platt, W.J.2
-
38
-
-
84924079118
-
Electrical properties of temperate forest trees: A review and quantitative comparison with vines
-
Gora, E.M., and Yanoviak, S.P. 2015 Electrical properties of temperate forest trees: a review and quantitative comparison with vines. Can. J. For. Res. 45: 236–245. doi:10.1139/cjfr-2014-0380
-
(2015)
Can. J. For. Res
, vol.45
, pp. 236-245
-
-
Gora, E.M.1
Yanoviak, S.P.2
-
39
-
-
0020871305
-
Five years of tree death in a Fagus–Magnolia forest, southeast Texas (USA)
-
Harcombe, P.A., and Marks, P.L. 1983 Five years of tree death in a Fagus–Magnolia forest, southeast Texas (USA). Oecologia, 57: 49–54. doi:10.1007/BF00379561
-
(1983)
Oecologia
, vol.57
, pp. 49-54
-
-
Harcombe, P.A.1
Marks, P.L.2
-
40
-
-
0021046881
-
Snag densities in managed stands of the South Carolina coastal plain
-
Harlow, R.F., and Guynn, D.C., Jr. 1983 Snag densities in managed stands of the South Carolina coastal plain. South. J. Appl. For. 7: 224–229
-
(1983)
South. J. Appl. For
, vol.7
, pp. 224-229
-
-
Harlow, R.F.1
Guynn, D.C.2
-
41
-
-
80051674984
-
Attractiveness of lightning-struck ponderosa pine trees to Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
-
Johnson, P.C. 1966 Attractiveness of lightning-struck ponderosa pine trees to Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59: 615. doi:10.1093/aesa/59.3.615
-
(1966)
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am
, vol.59
, pp. 615
-
-
Johnson, P.C.1
-
42
-
-
84933902209
-
Lightning injury to herbaceous plants
-
Jones, L.R., and Gilbert, W.W. 1918 Lightning injury to herbaceous plants. Phytopathology, 8: 270–282
-
(1918)
Phytopathology
, vol.8
, pp. 270-282
-
-
Jones, L.R.1
Gilbert, W.W.2
-
43
-
-
84905435045
-
Stand-scale tree mortality factors differ by site and species following drought in southwestern mixed conifer forests. For. Ecol
-
Kane, J.M., Kolb, T.E., and McMillin, J.D. 2014 Stand-scale tree mortality factors differ by site and species following drought in southwestern mixed conifer forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 330: 171–182. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.042
-
(2014)
Manage
, vol.330
, pp. 171-182
-
-
Kane, J.M.1
Kolb, T.E.2
McMillin, J.D.3
-
44
-
-
0035205691
-
Tree mortality in gap models: Application to climate change
-
Keane, R.E., Austin, M., Field, C., Huth, A., Lexer, M.J., Peters, D., Solomon, A., and Wyckoff, P. 2001 Tree mortality in gap models: application to climate change. Clim. Change, 51: 509–540. doi:10.1023/A:1012539409854
-
(2001)
Clim. Change
, vol.51
, pp. 509-540
-
-
Keane, R.E.1
Austin, M.2
Field, C.3
Huth, A.4
Lexer, M.J.5
Peters, D.6
Solomon, A.7
Wyckoff, P.8
-
45
-
-
84876754951
-
Allometry of emergent tree species from saplings to above-canopy adults in a Costa Rican rain forest
-
King, D.A., and Clark, D.A. 2011 Allometry of emergent tree species from saplings to above-canopy adults in a Costa Rican rain forest. J. Trop. Ecol. 27: 573–579. doi:10.1017/S0266467411000319
-
(2011)
J. Trop. Ecol
, vol.27
, pp. 573-579
-
-
King, D.A.1
Clark, D.A.2
-
46
-
-
0001954140
-
Parasites, lightning, and the vegetation mosaic in wilderness landscapes
-
Edited by , M.G. Turner. Springer-Verlag, New York
-
Knight, D.H. 1987 Parasites, lightning, and the vegetation mosaic in wilderness landscapes. In Landscape heterogeneity and disturbance. Edited by M.G. Turner. Springer-Verlag, New York. pp. 59–83
-
(1987)
In
, pp. 59-83
-
-
Knight, D.H.1
-
47
-
-
84887227432
-
Lightning as a geomorphic agent on mountain summits: Evidence from southern Africa
-
Knight, J., and Grab, S.W. 2014 Lightning as a geomorphic agent on mountain summits: evidence from southern Africa. Geomorphology, 204: 61–70. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.029
-
(2014)
Geomorphology
, vol.204
, pp. 61-70
-
-
Knight, J.1
Grab, S.W.2
-
48
-
-
0001692298
-
The natural history of lightning. Proc. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol
-
Komarek, E.V. 1964 The natural history of lightning. Proc. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 3: 139–183
-
(1964)
Conf
, vol.3
, pp. 139-183
-
-
Komarek, E.V.1
-
49
-
-
14844297159
-
Spatial distribution of lightning-ignited forest fires in Finland
-
Larjavaara, M., Kuuluvainen, T., and Rita, H. 2005 Spatial distribution of lightning-ignited forest fires in Finland. For. Ecol. Manage. 208(1–3): 177–188. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.005
-
(2005)
For. Ecol. Manage
, vol.208
, Issue.1-3
, pp. 177-188
-
-
Larjavaara, M.1
Kuuluvainen, T.2
Rita, H.3
-
50
-
-
0006049778
-
Lightning and forest fires
-
Edited by , E.A. Johnson and K. Miyanishi. Academic Press, San Diego, California
-
Latham, D., and Williams, E. 2001 Lightning and forest fires. In Forest fires: behavior and ecological effects. Edited by E.A. Johnson and K. Miyanishi. Academic Press, San Diego, California. pp. 376–418
-
(2001)
In
, pp. 376-418
-
-
Latham, D.1
Williams, E.2
-
51
-
-
84942570816
-
Lake-effect lightning climatology of the Great Lakes. Natl
-
Letcher, T., and Steiger, S. 2010 Lake-effect lightning climatology of the Great Lakes. Natl. Weather Dig. 34(2): 157–168
-
(2010)
Weather Dig
, vol.34
, Issue.2
, pp. 157-168
-
-
Letcher, T.1
Steiger, S.2
-
52
-
-
0000919206
-
Background and catastrophic tree mortality in tropical moist, wet, and rain forests
-
Lugo, A.E., and Scatena, F.N. 1996 Background and catastrophic tree mortality in tropical moist, wet, and rain forests. Biotropica, 28(4): 585–599. doi:10.2307/2389099
-
(1996)
Biotropica
, vol.28
, Issue.4
, pp. 585-599
-
-
Lugo, A.E.1
Scatena, F.N.2
-
53
-
-
0030409817
-
Group lightning mortality of trees in a Neotropical forest
-
Magnusson, W.E., Lima, A.P., and de Lima, O. 1996 Group lightning mortality of trees in a Neotropical forest. J. Trop. Ecol. 12(6): 899–903. doi:10.1017/S0266467400010166
-
(1996)
J. Trop. Ecol
, vol.12
, Issue.6
, pp. 899-903
-
-
Magnusson, W.E.1
Lima, A.P.2
De Lima, O.3
-
55
-
-
79955618208
-
The daily cloud-to-ground lightning flash density in the contiguous United States and Finland
-
Makela, A., Rossi, P., and Schultz, D.M. 2011 The daily cloud-to-ground lightning flash density in the contiguous United States and Finland. Mon. Weather Rev. 139: 1323–1337. doi:10.1175/2010MWR3517.1
-
(2011)
Mon. Weather Rev
, vol.139
, pp. 1323-1337
-
-
Makela, A.1
Rossi, P.2
Schultz, D.M.3
-
56
-
-
79952423181
-
Attachment of natural lightning flashes to trees: Preliminary statistical characteristics
-
Makela, J., Karvinen, E., Porjo, N., Makela, A., and Tuomi, T. 2009 Attachment of natural lightning flashes to trees: preliminary statistical characteristics. J. Lightning Res. 1: 9–21. doi:10.2174/1652803400901010009
-
(2009)
J. Lightning Res
, vol.1
, pp. 9-21
-
-
Makela, J.1
Karvinen, E.2
Porjo, N.3
Makela, A.4
Tuomi, T.5
-
57
-
-
0036925778
-
A climatology of thundersnow events over the contiguous United States. Weath
-
Market, P.S., Halcomb, C.E., and Ebert, R.L. 2002 A climatology of thundersnow events over the contiguous United States. Weath. Forecast. 17(6): 1290–1295. doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2002)017<1290:ACOTEO>2.0.CO;2
-
(2002)
Forecast
, vol.17
, Issue.6
, pp. 1290-1295
-
-
Market, P.S.1
Halcomb, C.E.2
Ebert, R.L.3
-
58
-
-
0024218539
-
Tree mortality and vegetation dynamics in Hemmer Woods, Indiana
-
McCune, B., Cloonan, C.L., and Armentano, T.V. 1988 Tree mortality and vegetation dynamics in Hemmer Woods, Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 120(2): 416–431. doi:10.2307/2426014
-
(1988)
Am. Midl. Nat
, vol.120
, Issue.2
, pp. 416-431
-
-
McCune, B.1
Cloonan, C.L.2
Armentano, T.V.3
-
59
-
-
43049134539
-
Lightning-strikes and their distribution in radiata pine plantations at Ovens, north-eastern Victoria
-
Minko, G. 1975 Lightning-strikes and their distribution in radiata pine plantations at Ovens, north-eastern Victoria. Aust. For. 38(3): 146–151. doi:10.1080/00049158.1975.10675626
-
(1975)
Aust. For
, vol.38
, Issue.3
, pp. 146-151
-
-
Minko, G.1
-
60
-
-
84942646040
-
Lightning damage to trees
-
Murray, J.S. 1958 Lightning damage to trees. Scott. For. 12(2): 70–71
-
(1958)
Scott. For
, vol.12
, Issue.2
, pp. 70-71
-
-
Murray, J.S.1
-
61
-
-
84922032663
-
Fire, drought, and humans in a heterogeneous Lake Superior landscape
-
Muzika, R.M., Guyette, R.P., Stambaugh, M.C., and Marschall, J.M. 2015 Fire, drought, and humans in a heterogeneous Lake Superior landscape. J. Sustain. For. 34: 49–70. doi:10.1080/10549811.2014.973991
-
(2015)
J. Sustain. For
, vol.34
, pp. 49-70
-
-
Muzika, R.M.1
Guyette, R.P.2
Stambaugh, M.C.3
Marschall, J.M.4
-
62
-
-
0345201137
-
Triggered lightning strokes at very close range
-
Newman, M.M., Stahmann, J.R., Robb, J.D., Lewis, E.A., Martin, S.G., and Zinn, S.V. 1967 Triggered lightning strokes at very close range. J. Geophys. Res. 72(18): 4761–4764. doi:10.1029/JZ072i018p04761
-
(1967)
J. Geophys. Res
, vol.72
, Issue.18
, pp. 4761-4764
-
-
Newman, M.M.1
Stahmann, J.R.2
Robb, J.D.3
Lewis, E.A.4
Martin, S.G.5
Zinn, S.V.6
-
63
-
-
84942646041
-
Unique destruction of a tulip tree by lightning. Mon
-
Norbury, F.P. 1927 Unique destruction of a tulip tree by lightning. Mon. Weather Rev. 55: 268. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1927)55%3C268a:UDOATT%3E2.0.CO;2
-
(1927)
Weather Rev
, vol.55
, pp. 268
-
-
Norbury, F.P.1
-
64
-
-
0342374280
-
Photograph of a close lightning flash
-
Orville, R.E. 1968 Photograph of a close lightning flash. Science, 162(3854): 666–667. doi:10.1126/science.162.3854.666
-
(1968)
Science
, vol.162
, Issue.3854
, pp. 666-667
-
-
Orville, R.E.1
-
65
-
-
43049084711
-
Lightning, fire and longleaf pine: Using natural disturbance to guide management
-
Outcalt, K.W. 2008 Lightning, fire and longleaf pine: using natural disturbance to guide management. For. Ecol. Manage. 255: 3351–3359. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.016
-
(2008)
For. Ecol. Manage
, vol.255
, pp. 3351-3359
-
-
Outcalt, K.W.1
-
66
-
-
0030303249
-
Overstory mortality and canopy disturbances in longleaf pine ecosystems
-
Palik, B.J., and Pederson, N. 1996 Overstory mortality and canopy disturbances in longleaf pine ecosystems. Can. J. For. Res. 26: 2035–2047. doi:10.1139/x26-229
-
(1996)
Can. J. For. Res
, vol.26
, pp. 2035-2047
-
-
Palik, B.J.1
Pederson, N.2
-
67
-
-
0007963014
-
Lightning fire occurrences in southeastern Georgia. Natl
-
Paul, J.T., and Waters, M.P. 1978 Lightning fire occurrences in southeastern Georgia. Natl. Weather Dig. 3(2): 10–15
-
(1978)
Weather Dig
, vol.3
, Issue.2
, pp. 10-15
-
-
Paul, J.T.1
Waters, M.P.2
-
68
-
-
0024226191
-
The population dynamics of a long-lived conifer (Pinus palustris)
-
Platt, W.J., Evans, G.W., and Rathbun, S.L. 1988 The population dynamics of a long-lived conifer (Pinus palustris). Am. Nat. 131(4): 491–525. doi:10.1086/284803
-
(1988)
Am. Nat
, vol.131
, Issue.4
, pp. 491-525
-
-
Platt, W.J.1
Evans, G.W.2
Rathbun, S.L.3
-
70
-
-
33750623251
-
Inferred long term trends in lightning activity over Africa
-
Price, C., and Asfur, M. 2006 Inferred long term trends in lightning activity over Africa. Earth Planets Space, 58: 1197–1201. doi:10.1186/BF03352010
-
(2006)
Earth Planets Space
, vol.58
, pp. 1197-1201
-
-
Price, C.1
Asfur, M.2
-
71
-
-
0027510851
-
What determines the cloud-to-ground lightning fraction in thunderstorms? Geophys
-
Price, C., and Rind, D. 1993 What determines the cloud-to-ground lightning fraction in thunderstorms? Geophys. Res. Lett. 20(6): 463–466. doi:10.1029/93GL00226
-
(1993)
Res. Lett
, vol.20
, Issue.6
, pp. 463-466
-
-
Price, C.1
Rind, D.2
-
72
-
-
84863304598
-
-
R Core Team, Ver. 3.1.1 R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
-
R Core Team. 2014 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Ver. 3.1.1 R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from http://www.R-project.org.
-
(2014)
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
-
-
-
75
-
-
84910598122
-
Projected increase in lightning strikes in the United States due to global warming
-
Romps, D.M., Seeley, J.T., Vollaro, D., and Molinari, J. 2014 Projected increase in lightning strikes in the United States due to global warming. Science, 346(6211): 851–854. doi:10.1126/science.1259100
-
(2014)
Science
, vol.346
, Issue.6211
, pp. 851-854
-
-
Romps, D.M.1
Seeley, J.T.2
Vollaro, D.3
Molinari, J.4
-
76
-
-
0031854916
-
Lightning strikes and resultant fires from archival (1912–1917) and current (1960–1997) information in Pennsylvania
-
Ruffner, C.M., and Abrams, M.D. 1998 Lightning strikes and resultant fires from archival (1912–1917) and current (1960–1997) information in Pennsylvania. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125(3): 249–252. doi:10.2307/2997223
-
(1998)
J. Torrey Bot. Soc
, vol.125
, Issue.3
, pp. 249-252
-
-
Ruffner, C.M.1
Abrams, M.D.2
-
77
-
-
0001497451
-
Disturbance propagation by bark beetles as an episodic landscape phenomenon
-
Rykiel, E.J., Coulson, R.N., Sharpe, P.J.H., Allen, T.F.H., and Flamm, R.O. 1988 Disturbance propagation by bark beetles as an episodic landscape phenomenon. Landsc. Ecol. 1(3): 129–139. doi:10.1007/BF00162739
-
(1988)
Landsc. Ecol
, vol.1
, Issue.3
, pp. 129-139
-
-
Rykiel, E.J.1
Coulson, R.N.2
Sharpe, P.3
Allen, T.4
Flamm, R.O.5
-
79
-
-
6144268214
-
Lightning storms and their significance in relation to diseases of (1) Cocos nucifera and (2) Hevea brasiliensis
-
Sharples, A. 1933 Lightning storms and their significance in relation to diseases of (1) Cocos nucifera and (2) Hevea brasiliensis. Ann. Appl. Biol. 20(1): 1–22. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1933.tb07425.x.
-
(1933)
Ann. Appl. Biol
, vol.20
, Issue.1
, pp. 1-22
-
-
Sharples, A.1
-
80
-
-
84977293530
-
Lightning and trees
-
Shipley, J.F. 1946 Lightning and trees. Weather, 1(7): 206–210. doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1946.tb00088.x.
-
(1946)
Weather
, vol.1
, Issue.7
, pp. 206-210
-
-
Shipley, J.F.1
-
81
-
-
0346790479
-
-
Wildlife Found., No. 4
-
Simpson, T.B., Stuart, P.E., and Barnes, B.V. 1990 Landscape ecosystems and cover types of the reserve area and adjacent lands of the Huron Mountain Club. Occ. Pap. Huron Mt. Wildlife Found., No. 4
-
(1990)
Landscape Ecosystems and Cover Types of the Reserve Area and Adjacent Lands of the Huron Mountain Club. Occ. Pap. Huron Mt
-
-
Simpson, T.B.1
Stuart, P.E.2
Barnes, B.V.3
-
82
-
-
0028083823
-
Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes
-
Smith, T.J., Robblee, M.B., Wanless, H.R., and Doyle, T.W. 1994 Mangroves, hurricanes, and lightning strikes. BioScience, 44(4): 256–262. doi:10.2307/1312230
-
(1994)
Bioscience
, vol.44
, Issue.4
, pp. 256-262
-
-
Smith, T.J.1
Robblee, M.B.2
Wanless, H.R.3
Doyle, T.W.4
-
83
-
-
0004244870
-
-
3rd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York
-
Sokal, R.R., and Rohlf, F.J. 1995 Biometry. 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., New York.
-
(1995)
Biometry
-
-
Sokal, R.R.1
Rohlf, F.J.2
-
84
-
-
84942584188
-
Lightning-caused destruction in a desert plant community
-
Steenbergh, W.F. 1972 Lightning-caused destruction in a desert plant community. Southwest. Nat. 16(3–4): 419–429. doi:10.2307/3670073
-
(1972)
Southwest. Nat
, vol.16
, Issue.3-4
, pp. 419-429
-
-
Steenbergh, W.F.1
-
85
-
-
2342489118
-
-
USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
-
Stolte, K., Barbara, C., Campbell, S., and Gillespie, A. 2002 Forest health indicators: forestry inventory and analysis program. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
-
(2002)
Forest Health Indicators: Forestry Inventory and Analysis Program
-
-
Stolte, K.1
Barbara, C.2
Campbell, S.3
Gillespie, A.4
-
88
-
-
7344245713
-
Diameter of lightning as indicated by tree scars
-
Taylor, A.R. 1965 Diameter of lightning as indicated by tree scars. J. Geophys. Res. 70(22): 5693–5695. doi:10.1029/JZ070i022p05693
-
(1965)
J. Geophys. Res
, vol.70
, Issue.22
, pp. 5693-5695
-
-
Taylor, A.R.1
-
89
-
-
84918188069
-
Lightning: Agent of change in forest ecosystems
-
Taylor, A.R. 1971 Lightning: agent of change in forest ecosystems. J. For. 69(8): 477–480
-
(1971)
J. For
, vol.69
, Issue.8
, pp. 477-480
-
-
Taylor, A.R.1
-
90
-
-
0002964338
-
Ecological aspects of lightning in forests
-
Taylor, A.R. 1974 Ecological aspects of lightning in forests. Proc. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 13: 455–482
-
(1974)
Proc. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf
, vol.13
, pp. 455-482
-
-
Taylor, A.R.1
-
91
-
-
0011946217
-
Lightning and trees
-
Lightning protection.Edited byR.H. Golde. Academic Press, London
-
Taylor, A.R. 1977 Lightning and trees. In Lightning. Vol. 2 Lightning protection. Edited by R.H. Golde. Academic Press, London. pp. 831–849
-
(1977)
In
, vol.2
, pp. 831-849
-
-
Taylor, A.R.1
-
92
-
-
0029668064
-
Lightning strike burns large forest tree in the Lope Reserve
-
Tutin, C.E.G., White, L.J.T., and Mackanga-Missandzou, A. 1996 Lightning strike burns large forest tree in the Lope Reserve, Gabon. Glob. Ecol. Biogeog. Lett. 5: 36–41. doi:10.2307/2997469
-
(1996)
Gabon. Glob. Ecol. Biogeog. Lett
, vol.5
, pp. 36-41
-
-
Tutin, C.1
White, L.2
Mackanga-Missandzou, A.3
-
93
-
-
0028164285
-
Dynamics of dead wood in old-growth hemlock–hardwood forests of northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan
-
Tyrrell, L.E., and Crow, T.R. 1994a. Dynamics of dead wood in old-growth hemlock–hardwood forests of northern Wisconsin and northern Michigan. Can. J. For. Res. 24(8): 1672–1683. doi:10.1139/x94-216
-
(1994)
Can. J. For. Res
, vol.24
, Issue.8
, pp. 1672-1683
-
-
Tyrrell, L.E.1
Crow, T.R.2
-
94
-
-
0028176247
-
Structural characteristics of old-growth hemlock– hardwood forests in relation to age
-
Tyrrell, L.E., and Crow, T.R. 1994b. Structural characteristics of old-growth hemlock– hardwood forests in relation to age. Ecology, 75(2): 370–386. doi:10.2307/1939541
-
(1994)
Ecology
, vol.75
, Issue.2
, pp. 370-386
-
-
Tyrrell, L.E.1
Crow, T.R.2
-
95
-
-
0024814010
-
Natural and artificially initiated lightning
-
Uman, M.A., and Krider, E.P. 1989 Natural and artificially initiated lightning. Science, 246(4929): 457–464. doi:10.1126/science.246.4929.457
-
(1989)
Science
, vol.246
, Issue.4929
, pp. 457-464
-
-
Uman, M.A.1
Krider, E.P.2
-
96
-
-
0008919003
-
General patterns of lightning ignitions in Sequoia National Park, California
-
Edited by , J.E. Lotan, B.M. Kilgore, W.C. Fischer, and R.W. Mutch. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, General Technical Report INT-182
-
Vankat, J.L. 1985 General patterns of lightning ignitions in Sequoia National Park, California. In Proceedings of the Symposium and Workshop on Wilderness Fire. Edited by J.E. Lotan, B.M. Kilgore, W.C. Fischer, and R.W. Mutch. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, General Technical Report INT-182. pp. 408–411
-
(1985)
In
, pp. 408-411
-
-
Vankat, J.L.1
-
97
-
-
2642588198
-
Lightning damage in ponderosa pine stands of northern Arizona
-
Wadsworth, F.H. 1943 Lightning damage in ponderosa pine stands of northern Arizona. J. For. 41(9): 684–685
-
(1943)
J. For
, vol.41
, Issue.9
, pp. 684-685
-
-
Wadsworth, F.H.1
-
98
-
-
0036013696
-
Lightning and lightning fire, central cordillera
-
Wierzchowski, J., Heathcott, M., and Flannigan, M.D. 2002 Lightning and lightning fire, central cordillera, Canada. Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11(1): 41–51. doi:10.1071/WF01048
-
(2002)
Canada. Int. J. Wildland Fire
, vol.11
, Issue.1
, pp. 41-51
-
-
Wierzchowski, J.1
Heathcott, M.2
Flannigan, M.D.3
-
99
-
-
23144442012
-
Lightning and climate: A review
-
Williams, E.R. 2005 Lightning and climate: a review. Atmos. Res. 76: 272–287. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.11.014
-
(2005)
Atmos. Res
, vol.76
, pp. 272-287
-
-
Williams, E.R.1
-
100
-
-
0000674034
-
Tree and liana enumeration and diversity on a one-hectare plot in Papua New Guinea
-
Wright, D.D., Jessen, J.H., Burke, P., and Gomez de Silva Garza, H. 1997 Tree and liana enumeration and diversity on a one-hectare plot in Papua New Guinea. Biotropica, 29(3): 250–260. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.1997.tb00426.x.
-
(1997)
Biotropica
, vol.29
, Issue.3
, pp. 250-260
-
-
Wright, D.D.1
Jessen, J.H.2
Burke, P.3
Gomez De Silva Garza, H.4
-
101
-
-
84956690986
-
-
Edited by , M. Lowman, S. Devy, and T. Ganesh. Springer, New York
-
Yanoviak, S.P. 2013 Shock value: are lianas natural lightning rods? In Treetops at risk: challenges of global forest canopies. Edited by M. Lowman, S. Devy, and T. Ganesh. Springer, New York. pp. 147–154. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7161- 5_15
-
(2013)
Shock Value: Are Lianas Natural Lightning Rods? In Treetops at Risk: Challenges of Global Forest Canopies
, pp. 147-154
-
-
Yanoviak, S.P.1
-
102
-
-
43249098168
-
Airborne laser scanning quantification of disturbances from hurricanes and lightning strikes to mangrove forests in Everglades National Park, U.S.A
-
Zhang, K., Simard, M., Ross, M., Rivera-Monroy, V.H., Houle, P., Ruiz, P., Twilley, R.R., and Whelan, K.R.T. 2008 Airborne laser scanning quantification of disturbances from hurricanes and lightning strikes to mangrove forests in Everglades National Park, U.S.A. Sensors, 8(4): 2262–2292. doi:10.3390/s8042262.
-
(2008)
Sensors
, vol.8
, Issue.4
, pp. 2262-2292
-
-
Zhang, K.1
Simard, M.2
Ross, M.3
Rivera-Monroy, V.H.4
Houle, P.5
Ruiz, P.6
Twilley, R.R.7
Whelan, K.8
|