Premeditation moderates the relation between sensation seeking and risky substance use among young adults

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

Volumn 29, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 753-765

  Mccabe, Connor J ^a   Louie, Kristine A ^a   King, Kevin M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

externalizing behaviors; impulse control; individual differences; sensation seeking; substance use

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGGRESSION; ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DRUG USE; EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MEDITATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PREMEDITATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RULE BREAKING BEHAVIOR; SENSATION SEEKING; SUBSTANCE USE; UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT; YOUNG ADULT; ADDICTION; ADOLESCENT; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; COLLEGE DRINKING; DRINKING BEHAVIOR; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; IMPULSIVENESS; PSYCHOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SENSATION; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY;

ADOLESCENT; ALCOHOL DRINKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING IN COLLEGE; ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR; MALE; RISK FACTORS; RISK-TAKING; SENSATION; STUDENTS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; UNIVERSITIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84942567075     PISSN: 0893164X     EISSN: 19391501     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/adb0000075     Document Type: Article

References (102)

1. Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). DSM-oriented and empirically based approaches to constructing scales from the same item pools. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 328-340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP3203-02
2. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children.
3. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions (pp. 75-87). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
4. Atkins, D. C., Baldwin, S. A., Zheng, C., Gallop, R. J., & Neighbors, C. (2013). A tutorial on count regression and zero-Altered count models for longitudinal substance use data. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 166-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029508
5. Bandyopadhyay, D., DeSantis, S. M., Korte, J. E., & Brady, K. T. (2011). Some considerations for excess zeroes in substance abuse research. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 37, 376-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2011.568080
6. Bates, M., & Labouvie, E. (1995). Personality-environment constellations and alcohol use: A process-oriented study of intraindividual change during adolescence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 9, 23-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.9.1.23
7. Bayard, S., Raffard, S., & Gely-Nargeot, M.-C. (2011). Do facets of self-reported impulsivity predict decision-making under ambiguity and risk? Evidence from a community sample. Psychiatry Research, 190, 322-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2011.06.013
8. Biglan, A., Brennan, P. A., Foster, S. L., & Holder, H. D. (2004). Helping adolescents at risk: Prevention of multiple problem behaviors. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
9. Bonn-Miller, M. O., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bernstein, A. (2007). Marijuana use motives: Concurrent relations to frequency of past 30-day use and anxiety sensitivity among young adult marijuana smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 49-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.018
10. Burt, S. A., Donnellan, M. B., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2011). Age-of-onset or behavioral sub-Types? A prospective comparison of two approaches to characterizing the heterogeneity within antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 633-644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9491-9
11. Butler, G. K. L., & Montgomery, A. M. (2004). Impulsivity, risk taking and recreational 'ecstasy' (MDMA) use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76, 55-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.003
12. Carlevaro, F., Croissant, Y., & Hoareau, S. (2012). Multiple hurdle models in R: The mhurdle Package. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mhurdle/vignettes/mhurdle.pdf
13. Casey, B., Jones, R. M., & Somerville, L. H. (2011). Braking and accelerating of the adolescent brain. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21, 21-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00712.x
14. Charnigo, R., Noar, S. M., Garnett, C., Crosby, R., Palmgreen, P., & Zimmerman, R. S. (2013). Sensation seeking and impulsivity: Combined associations with risky sexual behavior in a large sample of young adults. Journal of Sex Research, 50, 480-488.
15. Coffey, S. F., Gudleski, G. D., Saladin, M. E., & Brady, K. T. (2003). Impulsivity and rapid discounting of delayed hypothetical rewards in cocaine-dependent individuals. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 18-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.11.1.18
16. Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S., & Aiken, L. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. Corbin, W. R., Morean, M. E., & Benedict, D. (2008). The Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire (PDCQ): Validation of a new assessment tool. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 54-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.06.003
18. Coskunpinar, A., Dir, A. L., & Cyders, M. A. (2013). Multidimensionality in impulsivity and alcohol use: A meta-Analysis using the UPPS model of impulsivity. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37, 1441-1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acer.12131
19. Cyders, M. A., & Coskunpinar, A. (2011). Measurement of constructs using self-report and behavioral lab tasks: Is there overlap in nomothetic span and construct representation for impulsivity? Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 965-982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.06.001
20. Cyders, M. A., Flory, K., Rainer, S., & Smith, G. T. (2009). The role of personality dispositions to risky behavior in predicting first-year college drinking. Addiction, 104, 193-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02434.x
21. Cyders, M., & Smith, G. T. (2007). Mood-based rash action and its components: Positive and negative urgency. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 839-850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.008
22. Cyders, M. A., Smith, G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007). Integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict risky behavior: Development and validation of a measure of positive urgency. Psychological Assessment, 19, 107-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.107
23. Day, A. M., Metrik, J., Spillane, N. S., & Kahler, C. W. (2013). Working memory and impulsivity predict marijuana-related problems among frequent users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 131, 171-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.12.016
24. Dissabandara, L. O., Loxton, N. J., Dias, S. R., Dodd, P. R., Daglish, M., & Stadlin, A. (2014). Dependent heroin use and associated risky behaviour: The role of rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 71-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.06.009
25. Dvorak, R. D., & Day, A. M. (2014). Marijuana and self-regulation: Examining likelihood and intensity of use and problems. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 709-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.001
26. Ersche, K. D., Barnes, A., Jones, P. S., Morein-Zamir, S., Robbins, T. W., & Bullmore, E. T. (2011). Abnormal structure of frontostriatal brain systems is associated with aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity in cocaine dependence. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 134, 2013-2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr138
27. Ersche, K. D., Turton, A. J., Pradhan, S., Bullmore, E. T., & Robbins, T. W. (2010). Drug addiction endophenotypes: Impulsive versus sensation-seeking personality traits. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 770-773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.015
28. Eysenck, S. B. G., Pearson, P. R., Easting, G., & Allsopp, J. F. (1985). Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 613-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(85)90011-X
29. Galvan, A., Hare, T. A., Parra, C. E., Penn, J., Voss, H., Glover, G., & Casey, B. J. (2006). Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-Taking behavior in adolescents. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 6885-6892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1062-06.2006
30. Galvan, A., Hare, T., Voss, H., Glover, G., & Casey, B. J. (2007). Risk-Taking and the adolescent brain: Who is at risk? Developmental Science, 10, F8-F14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2006.00579.x
31. Giedd, J. N. (2004). Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 77-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.009
32. Gogtay, N., Giedd, J. N., Lusk, L., Hayashi, K. M., Greenstein, D., Vaituzis, C. A., Thompson, P. M. (2004). Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA of the United States of America, 101, 8174-8179. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402680101
33. Gottard, A., Stanghellini, E., & Capobianco, R. (2013). Semicontinuous regression models with skew distributions. In M. Grigoletto, F. Lisi, & S. Petrone (Eds.), Complex models and computational methods in statistics (pp. 149-160). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
34. Harden, K. P., & Tucker-Drob, E. M. (2011). Individual differences in the development of sensation seeking and impulsivity during adolescence: Further evidence for a dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 47, 739-746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023279
35. Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Miller, J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.64
36. Hurlbut, S. C., & Sher, K. J. (1992). Assessing alcohol problems in college students. Journal of American College Health, 41, 49-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07448481.1992.10392818
37. King, K. M., & Chassin, L. (2007). A prospective study of the effects of age of initiation of alcohol and drug use on young adult substance dependence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68, 256-265.
38. King, K. M., Karyadi, K. A., Luk, J. W., & Patock-Peckham, J. A. (2011). Dispositions to rash action moderate the associations between concurrent drinking, depressive symptoms, and alcohol problems during emerging adulthood. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25, 446-454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0023777
39. King, K. M., Patock-Peckham, J., Dager, A. D., Thimm, K., & Gates, J. R. (2014). On the mismeasurement of impulsivity: Trait, behavioral, and neural models in alcohol research among adolescents and young adults. Current Addiction Reports, 1, 19-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-013-0005-4
40. Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K. (1999). Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 78-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78
41. Lejoyeux, M., Feuche, N., Loi, S., Solomon, J., & Ades, J. (1998). Impulse-control disorders in alcoholics are related to sensation seeking and not to impulsivity. Psychiatry Research, 81, 149-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00103-6
42. Leland, D. S., & Paulus, M. P. (2005). Increased risk-Taking decisionmaking but not altered response to punishment in stimulant-using young adults. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78, 83-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.10.001
43. Littlefield, A. K., Verges, A., Wood, P. K., & Sher, K. J. (2012). Transactional models between personality and alcohol involvement: A further examination. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 778-783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026912
44. Loeber, R., & Hay, D. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 371-410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.371
45. Logan, D. E., Henry, T., Vaughn, M., Luk, J. W., & King, K. M. (2012). Rose-colored beer goggles: The relation between experiencing alcohol consequences and perceived likelihood and valence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26, 311-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0024126
46. Luengo, M. A., Carrillo-de-la-Peña, M. T., Otero, J. M., & Romero, E. (1994). A short-Term longitudinal study of impulsivity and antisocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 542-548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.3.542
47. Madden, G. J., Petry, N. M., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (1997). Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control patients: Drug and monetary rewards. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 256-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.5.3.256
48. Magid, V., & Colder, C. R. (2007). The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale: Factor structure and associations with college drinking. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1927-1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.013
49. Mallett, K. A., Bachrach, R. L., & Turrisi, R. (2008). Are all negative consequences truly negative? Assessing variations among college students' perceptions of alcohol related consequences. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1375-1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.06.014
50. Malmberg, M., Overbeek, G., Monshouwer, K., Lammers, J., Vollebergh, W. A., & Engels, R. C. (2010). Substance use risk profiles and associations with early substance use in adolescence. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 474-485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-010-9278-4
51. McGinley, J. S., Curran, P. J., & Hedekr, D. (n.d.). A novel modeling framework for ordinal data defined by collapsed counts. Under review.
52. McGue, M., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). The association of early adolescent problem behavior with adult psychopathology. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1118-1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1118
53. Miller, J., Flory, K., Lynam, D., & Leukefeld, C. (2003). A test of the four-factor model of impulsivity-related traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1403-1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00122-8
54. Moeller, F. G., Dougherty, D. M., Barratt, E. S., Oderinde, V., Mathias, C. W., Harper, R. A., & Swann, A. C. (2002). Increased impulsivity in cocaine dependent subjects independent of antisocial personality disorder and aggression. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68, 105-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0376-8716(02)00106-0
55. Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.4.674
56. Monahan, K. C., Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E., & Mulvey, E. P. (2009). Trajectories of antisocial behavior and psychosocial maturity from adolescence to young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1654-1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015862
57. Neal, D. J., & Carey, K. B. (2007). Association between alcohol intoxication and alcohol-related problems: An event-level analysis. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 194-204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.21.2.194
58. Park, A., Kim, J., & Sori, M. E. (2013). Short-Term prospective influences of positive drinking consequences on heavy drinking. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27, 799-805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0032906
59. Parrott, A. C., Milani, R. M., Parmar, R., & Turner, J. D. (2001). Recreational ecstasy/MDMA and other drug users from the UK and Italy: Psychiatric symptoms and psychobiological problems. Psychopharmacology, 159, 77-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130100897
60. Paus, T. (2005). Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 60-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.008
61. Peters, G.-J. Y., Kok, G., & Abraham, C. (2008). Social cognitive determinants of ecstasy use to target in evidence-based interventions: A meta-Analytical review. Addiction, 103, 109-118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02041.x
62. Pharo, H., Sim, C., Graham, M., Gross, J., & Hayne, H. (2011). Risky business: Executive function, personality, and reckless behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood. Behavioral Neuroscience, 125, 970-978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0025768
63. Quinn, P. D., & Fromme, K. (2010). Self-regulation as a protective factor against risky drinking and sexual behavior. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 376-385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0018547
64. Quinn, P. D., & Harden, K. P. (2013). Differential changes in impulsivity and sensation seeking and the escalation of substance use from adolescence to early adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 223-239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000284
65. R Development Core Team. (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
66. Raine, A., Reynolds, C., Venables, P. H., & Mednick, S. A. (2002). Stimulation seeking and intelligence: A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 663-674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.4.663
67. Ravert, R. D., Kim, S. Y., Schwartz, S. J., Weisskirch, R. S., Zamboanga, B. L., Ham, L. S., Bersamin, M. M. (2013). The association between sensation seeking and well-being among college-Attending emerging adults. Journal of College Student Development, 54, 17-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0004
68. Read, J. P., Merrill, J. E., Kahler, C. W., & Strong, D. R. (2007). Predicting functional outcomes among college drinkers: Reliability and predictive validity of the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 2597-2610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.06.021
69. Roberti, J. W. (2004). A review of behavioral and biological correlates of sensation seeking. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 256-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00067-9
70. Roberts, W., Peters, J. R., Adams, Z. W., Lynam, D. R., & Milich, R. (2014). Identifying the facets of impulsivity that explain the relation between ADHD symptoms and substance use in a nonclinical sample. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 1272-1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.005
71. Romer, D. (Ed.). (2003). Reducing adolescent risk: Toward an integrated approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
72. Romer, D. (2010). Adolescent risk taking, impulsivity, and brain development: Implications for prevention. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 263-276.
73. Romer, D., Duckworth, A. L., Sznitman, S., & Park, S. (2010). Can adolescents learn self-control? Delay of gratification in the development of control over risk taking. Prevention Science, 11, 319-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-010-0171-8
74. Romer, D., & Hennessy, M. (2007). A biosocial-Affect model of adolescent sensation seeking: The role of affect evaluation and peer-group influence in adolescent drug use. Prevention Science, 8, 89-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-007-0064-7
75. Sharma, L., Markon, K. E., & Clark, L. A. (2014). Toward a theory of distinct types of 'impulsive' behaviors: A meta-Analysis of self-report and behavioral measures. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 374-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034418
76. Simons, J. S. (2003). Differential prediction of alcohol use and problems: The role of biopsychological and social-environmental variables. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29, 861-879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ADA-120026265
77. Simons, J. S., Neal, D. J., & Gaher, R. M. (2006). Risk for marijuanarelated problems among college students: An application of zero-inflated negative binomial regression. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 32, 41-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990500328539
78. Smith, G. T., Fischer, S., Cyders, M. A., Annus, A. M., Spillane, N. S., & McCarthy, D. M. (2007). On the validity and utility of discriminating among impulsivity-like traits. Assessment, 14, 155-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191106295527
79. Snyder, H. N. (2012). Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010. Washington, DC: U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
80. Somerville, L. H., Jones, R. M., & Casey, B. J. (2010). A time of change: Behavioral and neural correlates of adolescent sensitivity to appetitive and aversive environmental cues. Brain and Cognition, 72, 124-133.
81. Stautz, K., & Cooper, A. (2013). Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: A meta-Analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 574-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.003
82. Steinberg, L. (2010). A dual systems model of adolescent risk-Taking. Developmental Psychobiology, 52, 216-224.
83. Steinberg, L. (2013). The influence of neuroscience on US Supreme Court decisions about adolescents' criminal culpability. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14, 513-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrn3509
84. Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman, E., Banich, M., Graham, S., & Woolard, J. (2008). Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: Evidence for a dual systems model. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1764-1778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012955
85. Stice, E., Barrera, M., & Chassin, L. (1998). Prospective differential prediction of adolescent alcohol use and problem use: Examining the mechanisms of effect. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 616-628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.107.4.616
86. Strang, N. M., Chein, J. M., & Steinberg, L. (2013). The value of the dual systems model of adolescent risk-Taking. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 223.
87. Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72, 271-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
88. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of national findings. Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.
89. Van Leijenhorst, L., Zanolie, K., Van Meel, C. S., Westenberg, P. M., Rombouts, S., & Crone, E. (2010). What motivates the adolescent? Brain regions mediating reward sensitivity across adolescence. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 61-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhp078
90. Verdejo-García, A., Bechara, A., Recknor, E. C., & Perez-García, M. (2007). Negative emotion-driven impulsivity predicts substance dependence problems. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 91, 213-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.025
91. Verdejo-García, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008). Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 777-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003
92. Virkkunen, M., Kallio, E., Rawlings, R., Tokola, R., Poland, R. E., Guidotti, A., Linnoila, M. (1994). Personality profiles and state aggressiveness in Finnish alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 28-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010028004
93. Vuong, Q. (1989). Likelihood ratio tests for model selection and nonnested hypotheses. Econometrica, 57, 307-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1912557
94. Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The Five Factor Model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 669-689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7
95. Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2009). Understanding the role of impulsivity and externalizing psychopathology in alcohol abuse: Application of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, S69-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1949-2715.S.1.69
96. Wills, T. A., Ainette, M. G., Stoolmiller, M., Gibbons, F. X., & Shinar, O. (2008). Good self-control as a buffering agent for adolescent substance use: An investigation in early adolescence with time-varying covariates. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 459-471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012965
97. Wilson, L. C., & Scarpa, A. (2011). The link between sensation seeking and aggression: A meta-Analytic review. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 81-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ab.20369
98. Wood, P. B., Cochran, J. K., Pfefferbaum, B., & Arneklev, B. J. (1995). Sensation-seeking and delinquent substance use: An extension of learning theory. Journal of Drug Issues, 25, 173-193.
99. Zeileis, A., Kleiber, C., & Jackman, S. (2008). Regression models for count data in R. Journal of Statistical Software 27. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v27/i08
100. Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Sydney, Australia: Halsted Press.
101. Zuckerman, M., & Kuhlman, D. M. (2000). Personality and risk-Taking: Common biosocial factors. Journal of Personality, 68, 999-1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00124
102. Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D. M., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The big three, the big five, and the alternative five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 757-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.757