The seasonal cycle and variability of sea level in the South China Sea

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 120, Issue 8, 2015, Pages 5490-5513

  Amiruddin, A M ^a,b   Haigh, I D ^a   Tsimplis, M N ^a,c   Calafat, F M ^c   Dangendorf, S ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY PUTRA MALAYSIA   (Malaysia)

^c NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SIEGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

and Philippines Sea; Gulf of Thailand; Malacca Strait; seasonal sea level; South China Sea; steric; wind

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; BAROTROPIC MOTION; CLIMATE FORCING; COASTAL MORPHOLOGY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; SEA LEVEL CHANGE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SHELF BREAK FRONT; TIDE GAUGE; WIND FORCING; ZONAL WIND;

GULF OF THAILAND; PACIFIC OCEAN; PHILIPPINE SEA; SOUTH CHINA SEA; STRAIT OF MALACCA;

EID: 84941994990     PISSN: 21699275     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/2015JC010923     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Amiruddin, A. M., Z. Z. Ibrahim, and, S. A. Ismail, (2011), Water mass characteristics in the Strait of Malacca using ocean data view, Res. J. Environ. Sci., 5, 49-58, doi: 10.3923/rjes.2011.49.58.
2. Bingham, R. J., and, C. W. Hughes, (2012), Local diagnostics to estimate density-induced sea level variations over topography and along coastlines, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C01013, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007276.
3. Birol, F., and, C. Delebecque, (2014), Using high sampling rate (10/20 Hz) altimeter data for the observation of coastal surface currents: A case study over the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, J. Marine Syst., 129 (0), 318-333, doi: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.07.009.
4. Chen, G., C. Qian, and, C. Zhang, (2011), New insights into annual and semi-annual cycles of sea level pressure, Mon. Weather Rev., 140 (4), 1347-1355, doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00187.1.
5. Cheng, X., and, Y. Qi, (2010), On steric and mass-induced contributions to the annual sea-level variations in the South China Sea, Global Planet. Change, 72 (3), 227-233, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.05.002.
6. Compo, G. P., et al., (2011), The twentieth century reanalysis project, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137 (654), 1-28, doi: 10.1002/qj.776.
7. Dangendorf, S., et al., (2012), Mean sea level variability and influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on long-term trends in the German Bight, Water, 4 (1), 170-195, doi: 10.3390/w4010170.
8. Dangendorf, S., T. Wahl, C. Mudersbach, and, J. Jensen, (2013a), The seasonal mean sea level cycle in the Southeastern North Sea, J. Coastal Res,. 65, 1915-1920.
9. Dangendorf, S., C. Mudersbach, T. Wahl, and, J. Jensen, (2013b), Characteristics of intra-, inter-annual and decadal sea-level variability and the role of meteorological forcing: The long record of Cuxhaven, Ocean Dyn., 63 (2-3), 209-224, doi: 10.1007/s10236-013-0598-0.
10. Ding, X., D. Zheng, Y. Chen, J. Chao, and, Z. Li, (2001), Sea level change in Hong Kong from tide gauge measurements of 1954-1999, J. Geod., 74 (10), 683-689, doi: 10.1007/s001900000128.
11. Fang, G., G. Wang, Y. Fang, and, W. Fang, (2012), A review on the South China Sea western boundary current, Acta Oceanol. Sin., 31 (5), 1-10, doi: 10.1007/s13131-012-0231-y.
12. Fang, G., et al., (2009), Interocean circulation and heat and freshwater budgets of the South China Sea based on a numerical model, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 47 (1-3), 55-72, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2008.09.003.
13. Gill, A. E., and, P. P. Niiler, (1973), The theory of the seasonal variability in the ocean, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 20 (2), 141-177, doi: 10.1016/0011-7471(73)90049-1.
14. Holgate, S. J., et al., (2013), New data systems and products at the permanent service for mean sea level, J. Coastal Res., 29 (3), 493-504, doi: 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00175.1.
15. Hünicke, B., and, E. Zorita, (2008), Trends in the amplitude of Baltic Sea level annual cycle, Tellus, Ser. A, 60 (1), 154-164, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00277.x.
16. Ishii, M., and, M. Kimoto, (2009), Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections, J. Oceanogr., 65 (3), 287-299, doi: 10.1007/s10872-009-0027-7.
17. Jaccard, J., and, R. Turrisi, (2003), Interaction effects in Multiple Regression, Sage, Newbury Park, Calif.
18. Liu, Q., A. Kaneko, and, S. Jilan, (2008), Recent progress in studies of the South China Sea circulation, J. Oceanogr., 64 (5), 753-762, doi: 10.1007/s10872-008-0063-8.
19. Marcos, M., and, M. N. Tsimplis, (2007), Variations of the seasonal sea level cycle in southern Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C12011, doi: 10.1029/2006JC004049.
20. Menendez, M., F. J. Mendez, and, I. J. Losada, (2009), Forecasting seasonal to interannual variability in extreme sea levels, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 66 (7), 1490-1496, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsp095.
21. Neumann, B., A. T. Vafeidis, J. Zimmermann, and, R. J. Nicholls, (2015), Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding-A global assessment, PLoS ONE, 10 (3), e0118571.
22. Pardo, R., (2008), The Evaluation and Optimization of Trading Strategies, John Wiley, Hoboken, N. J.
23. Pattullo, J., W. Munk, R. Revelle, and, E. Strong, (1955), The seasonal oscillation in sea level, J. Mar. Res., 14, 88-113.
24. Phien-wej, N., P. H. Giao, and, P. Nutalaya, (2006), Land subsidence in Bangkok, Thailand, Eng. Geol., 82 (4), 187-201, doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.10.004.
25. Plag, H. P., and, M. N. Tsimplis, (1999), Temporal variability of the seasonal sea-level cycle in the North Sea and Baltic Sea in relation to climate variability, Global Planet. Change, 20 (2-3), 173-203, doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00069-1.
26. Pugh, D., and, P. Woodworth, (2014), Sea-level Science: Understanding Tides, Surges, Tsunamis and Mean Sea-Level Changes, Cambridge Univ. Press., Cambridge, U. K.
27. Pugh, D. T., (1987), Tides, Surges and Mean Sea Level, John Wiley, Chinchester, U. K.
28. Qinyu, L., J. Yinglai, W. Xiaohua, and, Y. Haijun, (2001), On the annual cycle characteristics of the sea surface height in south china sea, Adv. Atmos. Sci., 18 (4), 613-622, doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0049-6.
29. Qu, T., H. Mitsudera, and, T. Yamagata, (2000), Intrusion of the North Pacific waters into the South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (C3), 6415-6424, doi: 10.1029/1999JC900323.
30. Raucoules, D., et al., (2013), High nonlinear urban ground motion in Manila (Philippines) from 1993 to 2010 observed by DInSAR: Implications for sea-level measurement, Remote Sens. Environ., 139, 386-397, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.021.
31. Rodolfo, K. S., and, F. P. Siringan, (2006), Global sea-level rise is recognised, but flooding from anthropogenic land subsidence is ignored around northern Manila Bay, Philippines, Disasters, 30 (1), 118-139, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00310.x.
32. Sandstrom, H., (1980), On the wind-induced sea level changes on the Scotian shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 85 (C1), 461-468, doi: 10.1029/JC085iC01p00461.
33. Saramul, S., and, T. Ezer, (2014), Spatial variations of sea level along the coast of Thailand: Impacts of extreme land subsidence, earthquakes and the seasonal monsoon, Global Planet. Change, 122, 70-81, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.08.012.
34. Stammer, D., (1997), Steric and wind-induced changes in TOPEX/POSEIDON large-scale sea surface topography observations, J. Geophys. Res., 102 (C9), 20,987-21,009, doi: 10.1029/97JC01475.
35. Tkalich, P., P. Vethamony, Q. H. Luu, and, M. T. Babu, (2013), Sea level trend and variability in the Singapore Strait, Ocean Sci., 9 (2), 293-300, doi: 10.5194/os-9-293-2013.
36. Torres, R. R., and, M. N. Tsimplis, (2012), Seasonal sea level cycle in the Caribbean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C07011, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008159.
37. Trisirisatayawong, I., M. Naeije, W. Simons, and, L. Fenoglio-Marc, (2011), Sea level change in the Gulf of Thailand from GPS-corrected tide gauge data and multi-satellite altimetry, Global Planet. Change, 76 (3-4), 137-151, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.12.010.
38. Tsimplis, M. N., and, P. L. Woodworth, (1994), The global distribution of the seasonal sea level cycle calculated from coastal tide gauge data, J. Geophys. Res., 99 (C8), 16,031-16,039, doi: 10.1029/94JC01115.
39. Varikoden, H., B. Preethi, A. A. Samah, and, C. A. Babu, (2011), Seasonal variation of rainfall characteristics in different intensity classes over Peninsular Malaysia, J. Hydrol., 404 (1-2), 99-108, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.04.021.
40. Vinogradov, S. V., and, R. M. Ponte, (2010), Annual cycle in coastal sea level from tide gauges and altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C04021, doi: 10.1029/2009JC005767.
41. Vinogradov, S. V., R. M. Ponte, P. Heimbach, and, C. Wunsch, (2008), The mean seasonal cycle in sea level estimated from a data-constrained general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C03032, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004496.
42. Wahl, T., F. M. Calafat, and, M. E. Luther, (2014), Rapid changes in the seasonal sea level cycle along the US Gulf coast from the late 20th century, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 491-498, doi: 10.1002/2013GL058777.
43. Wang, B., and, Z. Fan, (1999), Choice of South Asian Summer Monsoon Indices, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80 (4), 629-638, doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080 <0629:COSASM>2.0.CO;2.
44. Wang, G., J. Li, C. Wang, and, Y. Yan, (2012), Interactions among the winter monsoon, ocean eddy and ocean thermal front in the South China Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C08002, doi: 10.1029/2012JC008007.
45. Wang, P., and, Q. Li, (2009), Oceanographical and geological background, in The South China Sea, Development in Paleoenvironmental Research, edited by P. Wang and Q. Li, vol. 13, pp. 25-73, Springer, Netherlands, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9745-4-2.
46. Wolter, K., and, M. S. Timlin, (1998), Measuring the strength of ENSO events: How does 1997/98 rank?, Weather, 53 (9), 315-324, doi: 10.1002/j.1477-8696.1998.tb06408.x.
47. Xu, D., and, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, (2013), The seasonal variation of the upper layers of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation and the Indonesian through flow (ITF): An ocean model study, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 63, 103-130, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2013.05.002.
48. Yuan, D., W. Han, and, D. Hu, (2007), Anti-cyclonic eddies northwest of Luzon in summer-fall observed by satellite altimeters, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13610, doi: 10.1029/2007GL029401.
49. Zhou, J., P. Li, and, H. Yu, (2012), Characteristics and mechanisms of sea surface height in the South China Sea, Global Planet. Change, 88-89, 20-31, doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.03.001.