메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 1-18

A technical review on gas diffusion, mechanism and medium of PEM fuel cell

Author keywords

Carbon cloth; Carbon paper; Gas diffusion layer; Membrane electrode assembly; Microporous layer; PEM fuel cell

Indexed keywords


EID: 84941942517     PISSN: 09477047     EISSN: 18620760     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11581-014-1322-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (110)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 79955746094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation of durable nanocatalyzed MEA for PEM fuel cell applications
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlsVGjs7g%3D
    • Pethaiah SS, Kalaignan GP, Ulaganathan M, Arunkumar J (2011) Preparation of durable nanocatalyzed MEA for PEM fuel cell applications. Ionics 17(4):361-366
    • (2011) Ionics , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 361-366
    • Pethaiah, S.S.1    Kalaignan, G.P.2    Ulaganathan, M.3    Arunkumar, J.4
  • 2
    • 3242877764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved small-signal model of the dynamic behavior of PEM fuel cells
    • Chiu L-Y, Diong B, Gemmen RS (2004) An improved small-signal model of the dynamic behavior of PEM fuel cells. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 40(4):970-977
    • (2004) IEEE Trans Ind Appl , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 970-977
    • Chiu, L.-Y.1    Diong, B.2    Gemmen, R.S.3
  • 3
    • 34249275345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A degradation study of Nafion proton exchange membrane of PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmtVSru78%3D
    • Tang H, Peikang S, Jiang SP, Wang F, Pan M (2007) A degradation study of Nafion proton exchange membrane of PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 170(1):85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.03.061
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.170 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-92
    • Tang, H.1    Peikang, S.2    Jiang, S.P.3    Wang, F.4    Pan, M.5
  • 4
    • 34748859828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of water-gas transport processes in the gas-diffusion-layer of a PEM fuel cell by a multiphase multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtV2qsrzN
    • Niu X-D, Munekata T, Hyodo S-A, Suga K (2007) An investigation of water-gas transport processes in the gas-diffusion-layer of a PEM fuel cell by a multiphase multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model. J Power Sources 172(2):542-552
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.172 , Issue.2 , pp. 542-552
    • Niu, X.-D.1    Munekata, T.2    Hyodo, S.-A.3    Suga, K.4
  • 5
    • 0036534851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional computational analysis of transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xislyrurc%3D
    • Berning T, Lu DM, Djilali N (2002) Three-dimensional computational analysis of transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell. J Power Sources 106(1-2):284-294. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)01057-6
    • (2002) J Power Sources , vol.106 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 284-294
    • Berning, T.1    Lu, D.M.2    Djilali, N.3
  • 6
    • 0037082944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diffusion-layer morphology on the performance of solid-polymer-electrolyte direct methanol fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnvV2rtg%3D%3D
    • Neergat M, Shukla A (2002) Effect of diffusion-layer morphology on the performance of solid-polymer-electrolyte direct methanol fuel cells. J Power Sources 104(2):289-294
    • (2002) J Power Sources , vol.104 , Issue.2 , pp. 289-294
    • Neergat, M.1    Shukla, A.2
  • 7
    • 72149086926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode assembly
    • Secanell M, Songprakorp R, Djilali N, Suleman A (2010) Optimization of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode assembly. Struct Multidiscip Optim 40(1-6):563-583
    • (2010) Struct Multidiscip Optim , vol.40 , Issue.1-6 , pp. 563-583
    • Secanell, M.1    Songprakorp, R.2    Djilali, N.3    Suleman, A.4
  • 8
    • 34447099383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of GDL flooding effects on PEMFC performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXns1Klsbo%3D
    • Shimpalee S, Beuscher U, Van Zee JW (2007) Analysis of GDL flooding effects on PEMFC performance. Electrochim Acta 52(24):6748-6754. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.04.115
    • (2007) Electrochim Acta , vol.52 , Issue.24 , pp. 6748-6754
    • Shimpalee, S.1    Beuscher, U.2    Van Zee, J.W.3
  • 9
    • 84890440176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the micro porous layer design on the dynamic performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslertLrE
    • Cho J, Oh H, Park J, Min K, Lee E, Jyoung J-Y (2014) Effect of the micro porous layer design on the dynamic performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Int J Hydrog Energy 39(1):459-468
    • (2014) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 459-468
    • Cho, J.1    Oh, H.2    Park, J.3    Min, K.4    Lee, E.5    Jyoung, J.-Y.6
  • 10
    • 0029246672 scopus 로고
    • Low platinum loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells fabricated using thermoplastic ionomers
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXksVSgsLw%3D
    • Wilson MS, Valerio JA, Gottesfeld S (1995) Low platinum loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells fabricated using thermoplastic ionomers. Electrochim Acta 40(3):355-363
    • (1995) Electrochim Acta , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-363
    • Wilson, M.S.1    Valerio, J.A.2    Gottesfeld, S.3
  • 12
    • 0033717926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diffusion-layer morphology on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating at atmospheric pressure
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXlsFagt78%3D
    • Jordan L, Shukla A, Behrsing T, Avery N, Muddle B, Forsyth M (2000) Effect of diffusion-layer morphology on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating at atmospheric pressure. J Appl Electrochem 30(6):641-646
    • (2000) J Appl Electrochem , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 641-646
    • Jordan, L.1    Shukla, A.2    Behrsing, T.3    Avery, N.4    Muddle, B.5    Forsyth, M.6
  • 13
    • 33847329186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of transport properties in gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: 2. Absolute permeability
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitlGgtr4%3D
    • Gurau V, Bluemle MJ, De Castro ES, Tsou Y-M, Zawodzinski TA Jr, Mann JA Jr (2007) Characterization of transport properties in gas diffusion layers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: 2. Absolute permeability. J Power Sources 165(2):793-802. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.068
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.165 , Issue.2 , pp. 793-802
    • Gurau, V.1    Bluemle, M.J.2    De Castro, E.S.3    Tsou, Y.-M.4    Zawodzinski, T.A.5    Mann, J.A.6
  • 14
    • 33750941182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of a PEM fuel cell system based on empirical data and a generalized electrochemical semi-empirical model
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOgu73L
    • Wishart J, Dong Z, Secanell M (2006) Optimization of a PEM fuel cell system based on empirical data and a generalized electrochemical semi-empirical model. J Power Sources 161(2):1041-1055
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 1041-1055
    • Wishart, J.1    Dong, Z.2    Secanell, M.3
  • 15
    • 0030108732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and electrochemical studies of gas diffusion electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhvFags7c%3D
    • Paganin V, Ticianelli E, Gonzalez E (1996) Development and electrochemical studies of gas diffusion electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Appl Electrochem 26(3):297-304
    • (1996) J Appl Electrochem , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-304
    • Paganin, V.1    Ticianelli, E.2    Gonzalez, E.3
  • 16
    • 84862959965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the transport process in gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFGiurbJ
    • Tan Z, Jia L, Zhang Z (2011) A study on the transport process in gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Therm Sci 20(5):449-453
    • (2011) J Therm Sci , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 449-453
    • Tan, Z.1    Jia, L.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 17
    • 34247356942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of binary diffusion coefficients of gases using photothermal deflection technique
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXksFagt7Y%3D
    • Rohling J, Shen J, Wang C, Zhou J, Gu C (2007) Determination of binary diffusion coefficients of gases using photothermal deflection technique. Appl Phys B 87(2):355-362
    • (2007) Appl Phys B , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 355-362
    • Rohling, J.1    Shen, J.2    Wang, C.3    Zhou, J.4    Gu, C.5
  • 18
    • 0000490016 scopus 로고
    • Pore structure and gaseous diffusion in solid catalysts
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaF2MXntVartw%3D%3D
    • Johnson MF, Stewart WE (1965) Pore structure and gaseous diffusion in solid catalysts. J Catal 4(2):248-252
    • (1965) J Catal , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 248-252
    • Johnson, M.F.1    Stewart, W.E.2
  • 19
    • 0141792403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective diffusivity and water-saturation distribution in single-and two-layer PEMFC diffusion medium
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmsVOmtLo%3D
    • Nam JH, Kaviany M (2003) Effective diffusivity and water-saturation distribution in single-and two-layer PEMFC diffusion medium. Int J Heat Mass Transf 46(24):4595-4611
    • (2003) Int J Heat Mass Transf , vol.46 , Issue.24 , pp. 4595-4611
    • Nam, J.H.1    Kaviany, M.2
  • 20
    • 33748959859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On effective transport coefficients in PEM fuel cell electrodes: Anisotropy of the porous transport layers
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVWktrbK
    • Pharoah J, Karan K, Sun W (2006) On effective transport coefficients in PEM fuel cell electrodes: anisotropy of the porous transport layers. J Power Sources 161(1):214-224
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 214-224
    • Pharoah, J.1    Karan, K.2    Sun, W.3
  • 21
    • 33749507800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of cathode catalyst layer for direct methanol fuel cells: Part II: Computational modeling and design
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOnt7%2FK
    • Liu F, Wang C-Y (2006) Optimization of cathode catalyst layer for direct methanol fuel cells: part II: computational modeling and design. Electrochim Acta 52(3):1409-1416
    • (2006) Electrochim Acta , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 1409-1416
    • Liu, F.1    Wang, C.-Y.2
  • 22
    • 0010066704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass transfer within the gas-phase of porous media
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXptlWkuw%3D%3D
    • Kast W, Hohenthanner C-R (2000) Mass transfer within the gas-phase of porous media. Int J Heat Mass Transf 43(5):807-823
    • (2000) Int J Heat Mass Transf , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 807-823
    • Kast, W.1    Hohenthanner, C.-R.2
  • 23
    • 0036146994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of heat transfer on gas and water transport in fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XksFGmsLs%3D
    • Djilali N, Lu D (2002) Influence of heat transfer on gas and water transport in fuel cells. Int J Therm Sci 41(1):29-40
    • (2002) Int J Therm Sci , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-40
    • Djilali, N.1    Lu, D.2
  • 25
    • 0016103497 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of diffusion in macroporous media in terms of a porosity, a tortuosity and a constrictivity factor
    • Van Brakel J, Heertjes P (1974) Analysis of diffusion in macroporous media in terms of a porosity, a tortuosity and a constrictivity factor. Int J Heat Mass Transf 17(9):1093-1103
    • (1974) Int J Heat Mass Transf , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 1093-1103
    • Van Brakel, J.1    Heertjes, P.2
  • 26
    • 0030084123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells using AC impedance spectroscopy
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xhtlait7k%3D
    • Springer T, Zawodzinski T, Wilson M, Gottesfeld S (1996) Characterization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells using AC impedance spectroscopy. J Electrochem Soc 143(2):587-599
    • (1996) J Electrochem Soc , vol.143 , Issue.2 , pp. 587-599
    • Springer, T.1    Zawodzinski, T.2    Wilson, M.3    Gottesfeld, S.4
  • 27
    • 33749984695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-plane and through-plane gas permeability of carbon fiber electrode backing layers
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFSgs73I
    • Gostick JT, Fowler MW, Pritzker MD, Ioannidis MA, Behra LM (2006) In-plane and through-plane gas permeability of carbon fiber electrode backing layers. J Power Sources 162(1):228-238. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.096
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 228-238
    • Gostick, J.T.1    Fowler, M.W.2    Pritzker, M.D.3    Ioannidis, M.A.4    Behra, L.M.5
  • 28
    • 79251595009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-plane gas permeability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layers
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1Wgu7s%3D
    • Tamayol A, Bahrami M (2011) In-plane gas permeability of proton exchange membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layers. J Power Sources 196(7):3559-3564
    • (2011) J Power Sources , vol.196 , Issue.7 , pp. 3559-3564
    • Tamayol, A.1    Bahrami, M.2
  • 29
    • 48949116025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of GDL permeability on water and thermal management in PEMFCs - I. Isotropic and anisotropic permeability
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXovF2gsbs%3D
    • Ahmed DH, Sung HJ, Bae J (2008) Effect of GDL permeability on water and thermal management in PEMFCs - I. Isotropic and anisotropic permeability. Int J Hydrog Energy 33(14):3767-3785
    • (2008) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.33 , Issue.14 , pp. 3767-3785
    • Ahmed, D.H.1    Sung, H.J.2    Bae, J.3
  • 30
    • 77957704079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microscale tomography investigations of heterogeneous porosity distributions of PEMFC GDLs
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1agsLbJ
    • Fishman Z, Hinebaugh J, Bazylak A (2010) Microscale tomography investigations of heterogeneous porosity distributions of PEMFC GDLs. J Electrochem Soc 157(11):B1643-B1650
    • (2010) J Electrochem Soc , vol.157 , Issue.11 , pp. B1643-B1650
    • Fishman, Z.1    Hinebaugh, J.2    Bazylak, A.3
  • 31
    • 33846962442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-phase transport properties and transport simulation of the gas diffusion layer of a PEFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmsl2ktr8%3D
    • Koido T, Furusawa T, Moriyama K, Takato K (2006) Two-phase transport properties and transport simulation of the gas diffusion layer of a PEFC. ECS Trans 3(1):425-434
    • (2006) ECS Trans , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 425-434
    • Koido, T.1    Furusawa, T.2    Moriyama, K.3    Takato, K.4
  • 32
    • 76349108508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of relative permeability of fuel cell diffusion media
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhvFemsb0%3D
    • Hussaini I, Wang C (2010) Measurement of relative permeability of fuel cell diffusion media. J Power Sources 195(12):3830-3840
    • (2010) J Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.12 , pp. 3830-3840
    • Hussaini, I.1    Wang, C.2
  • 33
    • 33750948978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental characterization of in-plane permeability of gas diffusion layers
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1WmtrnI
    • Feser J, Prasad A, Advani S (2006) Experimental characterization of in-plane permeability of gas diffusion layers. J Power Sources 162(2):1226-1231
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.2 , pp. 1226-1231
    • Feser, J.1    Prasad, A.2    Advani, S.3
  • 34
    • 24044504408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water flow in the gas diffusion layer of PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpt1eisrw%3D
    • Benziger J, Nehlsen J, Blackwell D, Brennan T, Itescu J (2005) Water flow in the gas diffusion layer of PEM fuel cells. J Membr Sci 261(1):98-106
    • (2005) J Membr Sci , vol.261 , Issue.1 , pp. 98-106
    • Benziger, J.1    Nehlsen, J.2    Blackwell, D.3    Brennan, T.4    Itescu, J.5
  • 35
    • 83655181071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous through-plane distributions of polytetrafluoroethylene in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layers
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1ejsbvF
    • Rofaiel A, Ellis J, Challa P, Bazylak A (2012) Heterogeneous through-plane distributions of polytetrafluoroethylene in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell gas diffusion layers. J Power Sources 201:219-225
    • (2012) J Power Sources , vol.201 , pp. 219-225
    • Rofaiel, A.1    Ellis, J.2    Challa, P.3    Bazylak, A.4
  • 36
    • 59449091141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On selection of the perturbation amplitude required to avoid nonlinear effects in impedance measurements
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpsFClt74%3D
    • Hirschorn B, Tribollet B, Orazem ME (2008) On selection of the perturbation amplitude required to avoid nonlinear effects in impedance measurements. Isr J Chem 48(3-4):133-142
    • (2008) Isr J Chem , vol.48 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 133-142
    • Hirschorn, B.1    Tribollet, B.2    Orazem, M.E.3
  • 37
    • 33847328294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidating differences between carbon paper and carbon cloth in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitlGnsbY%3D
    • Wang Y, Wang C-Y, Chen K (2007) Elucidating differences between carbon paper and carbon cloth in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 52(12):3965-3975
    • (2007) Electrochim Acta , vol.52 , Issue.12 , pp. 3965-3975
    • Wang, Y.1    Wang, C.-Y.2    Chen, K.3
  • 38
    • 79953286892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical performance of PEM fuel cells with different gas diffusion layers
    • Stampino PG, Omati L, Dotelli G (2011) Electrical performance of PEM fuel cells with different gas diffusion layers. J Fuel Cell Sci Technol 8(4):041005
    • (2011) J Fuel Cell Sci Technol , vol.8 , Issue.4
    • Stampino, P.G.1    Omati, L.2    Dotelli, G.3
  • 39
    • 27644454289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of electrode backing materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnvV2ltbw%3D
    • Sasikumar G, Ryu H (2003) Comparison of electrode backing materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Korean Electrochem Soc 6(No.3):183-186
    • (2003) J Korean Electrochem Soc , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-186
    • Sasikumar, G.1    Ryu, H.2
  • 40
    • 53849109982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with fabricated carbon fiber cloth electrode
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotFCnurk%3D
    • Liao Y-K, Ko T-H, Liu C-H (2008) Performance of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with fabricated carbon fiber cloth electrode. Energy Fuel 22(5):3351-3354
    • (2008) Energy Fuel , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 3351-3354
    • Liao, Y.-K.1    Ko, T.-H.2    Liu, C.-H.3
  • 41
  • 42
    • 78449298648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth on PEM fuel cell performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVWhtLrJ
    • Park S, Popov BN (2011) Effect of a GDL based on carbon paper or carbon cloth on PEM fuel cell performance. Fuel 90(1):436-440
    • (2011) Fuel , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 436-440
    • Park, S.1    Popov, B.N.2
  • 43
    • 56949108635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer electrolyte fuel cells employing electrodes with gas-diffusion layers of mesoporous carbon derived from a sol-gel route
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVChsbnF
    • Sahu A, Nishanth K, Selvarani G, Sridhar P, Pitchumani S, Shukla A (2009) Polymer electrolyte fuel cells employing electrodes with gas-diffusion layers of mesoporous carbon derived from a sol-gel route. Carbon 47(1):102-108
    • (2009) Carbon , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 102-108
    • Sahu, A.1    Nishanth, K.2    Selvarani, G.3    Sridhar, P.4    Pitchumani, S.5    Shukla, A.6
  • 44
    • 77957711924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved properties of carbon fiber paper as electrode for fuel cell by coating pyrocarbon via CVD method
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1Gjur7P
    • Xie Z-Y, Jin G-Y, Zhang M, Su Z-A, Zhang M-Y, Chen J-X, Huang Q-Z (2010) Improved properties of carbon fiber paper as electrode for fuel cell by coating pyrocarbon via CVD method. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 20(8):1412-1417
    • (2010) Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China , vol.20 , Issue.8 , pp. 1412-1417
    • Xie, Z.-Y.1    Jin, G.-Y.2    Zhang, M.3    Su, Z.-A.4    Zhang, M.-Y.5    Chen, J.-X.6    Huang, Q.-Z.7
  • 45
    • 7544231743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundamental models for fuel cell engineering
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnt1Gnurk%3D
    • Wang C-Y (2004) Fundamental models for fuel cell engineering. Chem Rev 104(10):4727-4766
    • (2004) Chem Rev , vol.104 , Issue.10 , pp. 4727-4766
    • Wang, C.-Y.1
  • 46
    • 58649099183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hierarchy carbon paper for the gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1amurc%3D
    • Du C, Wang B, Cheng X (2009) Hierarchy carbon paper for the gas diffusion layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 187(2):505-508. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.11.046
    • (2009) J Power Sources , vol.187 , Issue.2 , pp. 505-508
    • Du, C.1    Wang, B.2    Cheng, X.3
  • 47
    • 33748109545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromachined metallic thin films for the gas diffusion layer of PEFCs
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XovF2rurY%3D
    • Fushinobu K, Takahashi D, Okazaki K (2006) Micromachined metallic thin films for the gas diffusion layer of PEFCs. J Power Sources 158(2):1240-1245
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.158 , Issue.2 , pp. 1240-1245
    • Fushinobu, K.1    Takahashi, D.2    Okazaki, K.3
  • 48
    • 0038823807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titanium sinter as gas diffusion backing in PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjvVamu70%3D
    • Hottinen T, Mikkola M, Mennola T, Lund P (2003) Titanium sinter as gas diffusion backing in PEMFC. J Power Sources 118(1):183-188
    • (2003) J Power Sources , vol.118 , Issue.1 , pp. 183-188
    • Hottinen, T.1    Mikkola, M.2    Mennola, T.3    Lund, P.4
  • 49
    • 23944500423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromachined silicon structures for free-convection PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1WktrjK
    • Modroukas D, Modi V, Fréchette LG (2005) Micromachined silicon structures for free-convection PEM fuel cells. J Micromech Microeng 15(9):S193
    • (2005) J Micromech Microeng , vol.15 , Issue.9 , pp. S193
    • Modroukas, D.1    Modi, V.2    Fréchette, L.G.3
  • 50
    • 84863619268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of sintered stainless steel fiber felt as gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XotlWgsbs%3D
    • Yi P, Peng L, Lai X, Li M, Ni J (2012) Investigation of sintered stainless steel fiber felt as gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Int J Hydrog Energy 37(15):11334-11344. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.161
    • (2012) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.37 , Issue.15 , pp. 11334-11344
    • Yi, P.1    Peng, L.2    Lai, X.3    Li, M.4    Ni, J.5
  • 52
    • 0035280417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon cloth reinforced carbon aerogel films derived from resorcinol formaldehyde
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXis1Cit7k%3D
    • Wang J, Glora M, Petricevic R, Saliger R, Proebstle H, Fricke J (2001) Carbon cloth reinforced carbon aerogel films derived from resorcinol formaldehyde. J Porous Mater 8(2):159-165
    • (2001) J Porous Mater , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-165
    • Wang, J.1    Glora, M.2    Petricevic, R.3    Saliger, R.4    Proebstle, H.5    Fricke, J.6
  • 53
    • 15744378397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of porosity distribution variation on PEM fuel cell performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtl2msLs%3D
    • Roshandel R, Farhanieh B, Saievar-Iranizad E (2005) The effects of porosity distribution variation on PEM fuel cell performance. Renew Energy 30(10):1557-1572
    • (2005) Renew Energy , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1557-1572
    • Roshandel, R.1    Farhanieh, B.2    Saievar-Iranizad, E.3
  • 54
    • 37349036934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a metallic gas diffusion layer for PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVGlu7%2FF
    • Zhang F-Y, Advani SG, Prasad AK (2008) Performance of a metallic gas diffusion layer for PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 176(1):293-298
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.176 , Issue.1 , pp. 293-298
    • Zhang, F.-Y.1    Advani, S.G.2    Prasad, A.K.3
  • 55
    • 0035123191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electro-osmotic drag of water in poly (perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhsFymsw%3D%3D
    • Ren X, Gottesfeld S (2001) Electro-osmotic drag of water in poly (perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes. J Electrochem Soc 148(1):A87-A93
    • (2001) J Electrochem Soc , vol.148 , Issue.1 , pp. A87-A93
    • Ren, X.1    Gottesfeld, S.2
  • 56
    • 0000588504 scopus 로고
    • Influence of electrodic properties on water management in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XkvFelu74%3D
    • Staiti P, Poltarzewski Z, Alderucci V, Maggio G, Giordano N, Fasulo A (1992) Influence of electrodic properties on water management in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell. J Appl Electrochem 22(7):663-667
    • (1992) J Appl Electrochem , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 663-667
    • Staiti, P.1    Poltarzewski, Z.2    Alderucci, V.3    Maggio, G.4    Giordano, N.5    Fasulo, A.6
  • 57
    • 64549142453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of water transport in gas diffusion media
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXks12hu7Y%3D
    • Quick C, Ritzinger D, Lehnert W, Hartnig C (2009) Characterization of water transport in gas diffusion media. J Power Sources 190(1):110-120
    • (2009) J Power Sources , vol.190 , Issue.1 , pp. 110-120
    • Quick, C.1    Ritzinger, D.2    Lehnert, W.3    Hartnig, C.4
  • 58
    • 0006342611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examination of the influence of PTFE coating on the properties of carbon paper in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXislenu78%3D
    • Bevers D, Rogers R, Von Bradke M (1996) Examination of the influence of PTFE coating on the properties of carbon paper in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Power Sources 63(2):193-201
    • (1996) J Power Sources , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-201
    • Bevers, D.1    Rogers, R.2    Von Bradke, M.3
  • 59
    • 2342483910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of PTFE contents in the gas diffusion media on the performance of PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtlyqt7s%3D
    • Park G-G, Sohn Y-J, Yang T-H, Yoon Y-G, Lee W-Y, Kim C-S (2004) Effect of PTFE contents in the gas diffusion media on the performance of PEMFC. J Power Sources 131(1):182-187
    • (2004) J Power Sources , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 182-187
    • Park, G.-G.1    Sohn, Y.-J.2    Yang, T.-H.3    Yoon, Y.-G.4    Lee, W.-Y.5    Kim, C.-S.6
  • 60
    • 2342596594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cathode gas diffusion media on the performance of the PEMFCs
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtlyqt74%3D
    • Prasanna M, Ha H, Cho E, Hong S-A, Oh I-H (2004) Influence of cathode gas diffusion media on the performance of the PEMFCs. J Power Sources 131(1):147-154
    • (2004) J Power Sources , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 147-154
    • Prasanna, M.1    Ha, H.2    Cho, E.3    Hong, S.-A.4    Oh, I.-H.5
  • 61
    • 3042788537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hydrophobic polymer content in GDL on power performance of a PEM fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlsFektbY%3D
    • Lim C, Wang C (2004) Effects of hydrophobic polymer content in GDL on power performance of a PEM fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 49(24):4149-4156
    • (2004) Electrochim Acta , vol.49 , Issue.24 , pp. 4149-4156
    • Lim, C.1    Wang, C.2
  • 62
    • 27644534930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thickness and hydrophobic polymer content of the gas diffusion layer on electrode flooding level in a PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVWrtbzF
    • Lin G, Van Nguyen T (2005) Effect of thickness and hydrophobic polymer content of the gas diffusion layer on electrode flooding level in a PEMFC. J Electrochem Soc 152(10):A1942-A1948
    • (2005) J Electrochem Soc , vol.152 , Issue.10 , pp. A1942-A1948
    • Lin, G.1    Van Nguyen, T.2
  • 63
    • 38749094078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of PTFE content in microporous layer on water management in PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtlGis7g%3D
    • Park S, Lee J-W, Popov BN (2008) Effect of PTFE content in microporous layer on water management in PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 177(2):457-463
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.177 , Issue.2 , pp. 457-463
    • Park, S.1    Lee, J.-W.2    Popov, B.N.3
  • 64
    • 33748979863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CF4 plasma treatment for preparing gas diffusion layers in membrane electrode assemblies
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVWkt77K
    • Pai Y, Ke J, Huang H, Lee C, Zen J, Shieu F (2006) CF4 plasma treatment for preparing gas diffusion layers in membrane electrode assemblies. J Power Sources 161(1):275-281
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 275-281
    • Pai, Y.1    Ke, J.2    Huang, H.3    Lee, C.4    Zen, J.5    Shieu, F.6
  • 65
    • 84947807997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fluoroalkylsilane coating on the properties of gas diffusion layer in PEMFCs
    • Meeting Abstracts
    • Yoon GH, Park SB, Kim EH, Kim S, Park Y-I (2007) Effect of fluoroalkylsilane coating on the properties of gas diffusion layer in PEMFCs. In: Meeting Abstracts. vol 20. The Electrochemical Society, pp 898-898
    • (2007) The Electrochemical Society , vol.20 , pp. 898-898
    • Yoon, G.H.1    Park, S.B.2    Kim, E.H.3    Kim, S.4    Park, Y.-I.5
  • 66
    • 2342448431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of different gas diffusion layers on the water management of the PEFC cathode
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFylsrk%3D
    • Thoben B, Siebke A (2004) Influence of different gas diffusion layers on the water management of the PEFC cathode. J New Mater Electrochem Syst 7(1):13-20
    • (2004) J New Mater Electrochem Syst , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-20
    • Thoben, B.1    Siebke, A.2
  • 67
    • 2342464381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study on the characteristics of the diffusion layer thickness and porosity of the PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtlyqt7Y%3D
    • Lee H-K, Park J-H, Kim D-Y, Lee T-H (2004) A study on the characteristics of the diffusion layer thickness and porosity of the PEMFC. J Power Sources 131(1):200-206
    • (2004) J Power Sources , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 200-206
    • Lee, H.-K.1    Park, J.-H.2    Kim, D.-Y.3    Lee, T.-H.4
  • 70
    • 3142752057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-phase transport and the role of micro-porous layer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlslCksro%3D
    • Pasaogullari U, Wang C-Y (2004) Two-phase transport and the role of micro-porous layer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 49(25):4359-4369
    • (2004) Electrochim Acta , vol.49 , Issue.25 , pp. 4359-4369
    • Pasaogullari, U.1    Wang, C.-Y.2
  • 71
    • 34548414453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct water balance analysis on a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC): Effects of hydrophobic treatment and micro-porous layer addition to the gas diffusion layer of a PEFC on its performance during a simulated start-up operation
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVSrs7nF
    • Nakajima H, Konomi T, Kitahara T (2007) Direct water balance analysis on a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC): effects of hydrophobic treatment and micro-porous layer addition to the gas diffusion layer of a PEFC on its performance during a simulated start-up operation. J Power Sources 171(2):457-463. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.004
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.171 , Issue.2 , pp. 457-463
    • Nakajima, H.1    Konomi, T.2    Kitahara, T.3
  • 72
    • 18344368460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of microporous layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjslSjsLY%3D
    • Weber AZ, Newman J (2005) Effects of microporous layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 152(4):A677-A688
    • (2005) J Electrochem Soc , vol.152 , Issue.4 , pp. A677-A688
    • Weber, A.Z.1    Newman, J.2
  • 73
    • 4344683422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flooding of gas diffusion backing in PEFCs physical and electrochemical characterization
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmt1Slt70%3D
    • Ihonen J, Mikkola M, Lindbergh G (2004) Flooding of gas diffusion backing in PEFCs physical and electrochemical characterization. J Electrochem Soc 151(8):A1152-A1161
    • (2004) J Electrochem Soc , vol.151 , Issue.8 , pp. A1152-A1161
    • Ihonen, J.1    Mikkola, M.2    Lindbergh, G.3
  • 74
    • 34548032557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of PTFE content in gas diffusion media and microlayer on the performance of PEMFC tested under ambient pressure
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpsFemurc%3D
    • Velayutham G, Kaushik J, Rajalakshmi N, Dhathathreyan K (2007) Effect of PTFE content in gas diffusion media and microlayer on the performance of PEMFC tested under ambient pressure. Fuel Cells 7(4):314-318
    • (2007) Fuel Cells , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 314-318
    • Velayutham, G.1    Kaushik, J.2    Rajalakshmi, N.3    Dhathathreyan, K.4
  • 76
    • 0032319494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the PTFE content in the diffusion layer of low-Pt loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlvVWhtrc%3D
    • Giorgi L, Antolini E, Pozio A, Passalacqua E (1998) Influence of the PTFE content in the diffusion layer of low-Pt loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 43(24):3675-3680
    • (1998) Electrochim Acta , vol.43 , Issue.24 , pp. 3675-3680
    • Giorgi, L.1    Antolini, E.2    Pozio, A.3    Passalacqua, E.4
  • 77
    • 0032317139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the structure in low-Pt loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlvVWhtr4%3D
    • Passalacqua E, Lufrano F, Squadrito G, Patti A, Giorgi L (1998) Influence of the structure in low-Pt loading electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 43(24):3665-3673
    • (1998) Electrochim Acta , vol.43 , Issue.24 , pp. 3665-3673
    • Passalacqua, E.1    Lufrano, F.2    Squadrito, G.3    Patti, A.4    Giorgi, L.5
  • 78
    • 2342559359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel gas diffusion layer with water management function for PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtlyqt78%3D
    • Chen J, Matsuura T, Hori M (2004) Novel gas diffusion layer with water management function for PEMFC. J Power Sources 131(1):155-161
    • (2004) J Power Sources , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 155-161
    • Chen, J.1    Matsuura, T.2    Hori, M.3
  • 79
    • 33845955939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental investigation of water transport in PEMFCs the role of microporous layers
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosVahtw%3D%3D
    • Karan K, Atiyeh H, Phoenix A, Halliop E, Pharoah J, Peppley B (2007) An experimental investigation of water transport in PEMFCs the role of microporous layers. Electrochem Solid-State Lett 10(2):B34-B38
    • (2007) Electrochem Solid-State Lett , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. B34-B38
    • Karan, K.1    Atiyeh, H.2    Phoenix, A.3    Halliop, E.4    Pharoah, J.5    Peppley, B.6
  • 80
    • 30644471997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-dimensional two-phase model of a PEM fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XptVOhsg%3D%3D
    • Lin G, Van Nguyen T (2006) A two-dimensional two-phase model of a PEM fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 153(2):A372-A382
    • (2006) J Electrochem Soc , vol.153 , Issue.2 , pp. A372-A382
    • Lin, G.1    Van Nguyen, T.2
  • 81
    • 46749107458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of preparative parameters on the characteristic of poly (vinylidene fluoride)-based microporous layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosValt7Y%3D
    • Ong AL, Bottino A, Capannelli G, Comite A (2008) Effect of preparative parameters on the characteristic of poly (vinylidene fluoride)-based microporous layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 183(1):62-68
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.183 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-68
    • Ong, A.L.1    Bottino, A.2    Capannelli, G.3    Comite, A.4
  • 82
    • 45449084199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating mass transport in gas diffusion layer of PEMFC by fabricating micro-porous layer with dry layer preparation
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXntFGgurs%3D
    • Chen J, Xu H, Zhang H, Yi B (2008) Facilitating mass transport in gas diffusion layer of PEMFC by fabricating micro-porous layer with dry layer preparation. J Power Sources 182(2):531-539
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.182 , Issue.2 , pp. 531-539
    • Chen, J.1    Xu, H.2    Zhang, H.3    Yi, B.4
  • 83
    • 48149094358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly efficient single-layer gas diffusion layers for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpt1elsbk%3D
    • Hung T, Huang J, Chuang H, Bai S, Lai Y, Chen-Yang Y (2008) Highly efficient single-layer gas diffusion layers for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power Sources 184(1):165-171
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.184 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-171
    • Hung, T.1    Huang, J.2    Chuang, H.3    Bai, S.4    Lai, Y.5    Chen-Yang, Y.6
  • 85
    • 0035303648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the diffusion layer characteristics on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVWrsr8%3D
    • Passalacqua E, Squadrito G, Lufrano F, Patti A, Giorgi L (2001) Effects of the diffusion layer characteristics on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 31(4):449-454
    • (2001) J Appl Electrochem , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 449-454
    • Passalacqua, E.1    Squadrito, G.2    Lufrano, F.3    Patti, A.4    Giorgi, L.5
  • 86
    • 0033886151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion layer parameters influencing optimal fuel cell performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXitFyqsL8%3D
    • Jordan L, Shukla A, Behrsing T, Avery N, Muddle B, Forsyth M (2000) Diffusion layer parameters influencing optimal fuel cell performance. J Power Sources 86(1):250-254
    • (2000) J Power Sources , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 250-254
    • Jordan, L.1    Shukla, A.2    Behrsing, T.3    Avery, N.4    Muddle, B.5    Forsyth, M.6
  • 87
    • 0036643760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the carbon powder characteristics in the cathode gas diffusion layer on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktlaqsLc%3D
    • Antolini E, Passos R, Ticianelli EA (2002) Effects of the carbon powder characteristics in the cathode gas diffusion layer on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Power Sources 109(2):477-482
    • (2002) J Power Sources , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 477-482
    • Antolini, E.1    Passos, R.2    Ticianelli, E.A.3
  • 89
    • 33747891803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas diffusion layer using a new type of graphitized nano-carbon PUREBLACK® for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XktlGqsb8%3D
    • Kannan AM, Menghal A, Barsukov IV (2006) Gas diffusion layer using a new type of graphitized nano-carbon PUREBLACK® for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochem Commun 8(5):887-891
    • (2006) Electrochem Commun , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 887-891
    • Kannan, A.M.1    Menghal, A.2    Barsukov, I.V.3
  • 90
    • 13844272667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells cathode performance with ammonium carbonate
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhs1Khsrw%3D
    • Song Y, Wei Y, Xu H, Williams M, Liu Y, Bonville LJ, Russell Kunz H, Fenton JM (2005) Improvement in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells cathode performance with ammonium carbonate. J Power Sources 141(2):250-257
    • (2005) J Power Sources , vol.141 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-257
    • Song, Y.1    Wei, Y.2    Xu, H.3    Williams, M.4    Liu, Y.5    Bonville, L.J.6    Russell Kunz, H.7    Fenton, J.M.8
  • 91
    • 33947575531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carbon loading in microporous layer on PEM fuel cell performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXktVWktg%3D%3D
    • Park S, Lee J-W, Popov BN (2006) Effect of carbon loading in microporous layer on PEM fuel cell performance. J Power Sources 163(1):357-363
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.163 , Issue.1 , pp. 357-363
    • Park, S.1    Lee, J.-W.2    Popov, B.N.3
  • 92
    • 33748062346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of carbon-filled gas diffusion layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XovF2kt7k%3D
    • Han M, Chan S, Jiang S (2006) Development of carbon-filled gas diffusion layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Power Sources 159(2):1005-1014
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.159 , Issue.2 , pp. 1005-1014
    • Han, M.1    Chan, S.2    Jiang, S.3
  • 93
    • 0037097295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of water management by a microporous sublayer for PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjvFGhtL4%3D
    • Qi Z, Kaufman A (2002) Improvement of water management by a microporous sublayer for PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 109(1):38-46
    • (2002) J Power Sources , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-46
    • Qi, Z.1    Kaufman, A.2
  • 94
    • 36549043814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fabrication processes and material parameters of GDL on cell performance of PEM fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlOns73L
    • Yan W-M, Hsueh C-Y, Soong C-Y, Chen F, Cheng C-H, Mei S-C (2007) Effects of fabrication processes and material parameters of GDL on cell performance of PEM fuel cell. Int J Hydrog Energy 32(17):4452-4458
    • (2007) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.32 , Issue.17 , pp. 4452-4458
    • Yan, W.-M.1    Hsueh, C.-Y.2    Soong, C.-Y.3    Chen, F.4    Cheng, C.-H.5    Mei, S.-C.6
  • 95
    • 0035251034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal composition of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes determined by the AC impedance method
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFSqsg%3D%3D
    • Song J, Cha S, Lee W (2001) Optimal composition of polymer electrolyte fuel cell electrodes determined by the AC impedance method. J Power Sources 94(1):78-84
    • (2001) J Power Sources , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-84
    • Song, J.1    Cha, S.2    Lee, W.3
  • 96
    • 33750019951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bi-functional micro-porous layer with composite carbon black for PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFSgs7fF
    • Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Xu H, Zhu X, Chen J, Yi B (2006) A bi-functional micro-porous layer with composite carbon black for PEM fuel cells. J Power Sources 162(1):474-479
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.162 , Issue.1 , pp. 474-479
    • Wang, X.1    Zhang, H.2    Zhang, J.3    Xu, H.4    Zhu, X.5    Chen, J.6    Yi, B.7
  • 97
    • 0032676765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement in the diffusion characteristics of low Pt-loaded electrodes for PEFCs
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjslOhtr8%3D
    • Lufrano F, Passalacqua E, Squadrito G, Patti A, Giorgi L (1999) Improvement in the diffusion characteristics of low Pt-loaded electrodes for PEFCs. J Appl Electrochem 29(4):445-448
    • (1999) J Appl Electrochem , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 445-448
    • Lufrano, F.1    Passalacqua, E.2    Squadrito, G.3    Patti, A.4    Giorgi, L.5
  • 98
    • 0036604387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of pore-size distribution of diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjslaqtLY%3D
    • Kong CS, Kim D-Y, Lee H-K, Shul Y-G, Lee T-H (2002) Influence of pore-size distribution of diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 108(1):185-191
    • (2002) J Power Sources , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 185-191
    • Kong, C.S.1    Kim, D.-Y.2    Lee, H.-K.3    Shul, Y.-G.4    Lee, T.-H.5
  • 99
    • 68149118916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells - A review
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpsFKitLs%3D
    • Cindrella L, Kannan A, Lin J, Saminathan K, Ho Y, Lin C, Wertz J (2009) Gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells - a review. J Power Sources 194(1):146-160
    • (2009) J Power Sources , vol.194 , Issue.1 , pp. 146-160
    • Cindrella, L.1    Kannan, A.2    Lin, J.3    Saminathan, K.4    Ho, Y.5    Lin, C.6    Wertz, J.7
  • 100
    • 0035479984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water transport in the proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell: Measurements of the effective drag coefficient
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsV2jsLw%3D
    • Janssen GJM, Overvelde MLJ (2001) Water transport in the proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell: measurements of the effective drag coefficient. J Power Sources 101(1):117-125. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00708-X
    • (2001) J Power Sources , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-125
    • Janssen, G.J.M.1    Overvelde, M.L.J.2
  • 101
    • 84861094421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rheology controller agent addition to micro-porous layers on PEMFC performances
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvVKjtL8%3D
    • Latorrata S, Stampino PG, Amici E, Pelosato R, Cristiani C, Dotelli G (2012) Effect of rheology controller agent addition to micro-porous layers on PEMFC performances. Solid State Ionics 216:73-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ssi.2012.03.030
    • (2012) Solid State Ionics , vol.216 , pp. 73-77
    • Latorrata, S.1    Stampino, P.G.2    Amici, E.3    Pelosato, R.4    Cristiani, C.5    Dotelli, G.6
  • 102
    • 79958258451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of parameters affecting performance of (Pt/C) electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCS)
    • Chebbi R, Wan Daud WR, Mohamad AB, Kadhum AAH (2011) Review of parameters affecting performance of (Pt/C) electrode for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCS). Adv Mater Res 233:43-49
    • (2011) Adv Mater Res , vol.233 , pp. 43-49
    • Chebbi, R.1    Wan Daud, W.R.2    Mohamad, A.B.3    Kadhum, A.A.H.4
  • 103
    • 40849084099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diffusion-layer porosity on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtlyktbY%3D
    • Selvarani G, Sahu A, Sridhar P, Pitchumani S, Shukla A (2008) Effect of diffusion-layer porosity on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Appl Electrochem 38(3):357-362
    • (2008) J Appl Electrochem , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-362
    • Selvarani, G.1    Sahu, A.2    Sridhar, P.3    Pitchumani, S.4    Shukla, A.5
  • 104
    • 33847646261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Porosity-graded micro-porous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXis1Ckurs%3D
    • Tang H, Wang S, Pan M, Yuan R (2007) Porosity-graded micro-porous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 166(1):41-46
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.166 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Tang, H.1    Wang, S.2    Pan, M.3    Yuan, R.4
  • 105
    • 74349106893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microporous layer coated gas diffusion layers for enhanced performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFOrt7nN
    • Kitahara T, Konomi T, Nakajima H (2010) Microporous layer coated gas diffusion layers for enhanced performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Power Sources 195(8):2202-2211
    • (2010) J Power Sources , vol.195 , Issue.8 , pp. 2202-2211
    • Kitahara, T.1    Konomi, T.2    Nakajima, H.3
  • 106
    • 75149146418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of microstructure characteristics of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer on the performance of PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlyjtLg%3D
    • Tseng C-J, Lo S-K (2010) Effects of microstructure characteristics of gas diffusion layer and microporous layer on the performance of PEMFC. Energy Convers Manag 51(4):677-684
    • (2010) Energy Convers Manag , vol.51 , Issue.4 , pp. 677-684
    • Tseng, C.-J.1    Lo, S.-K.2
  • 107
    • 0033222082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of compression and gas diffusion layers on the performance of a PEM fuel cell
    • W-k L, Ho C-H, Van Zee J, Murthy M (1999) The effects of compression and gas diffusion layers on the performance of a PEM fuel cell. J Power Sources 84(1):45-51. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00298-0
    • (1999) J Power Sources , vol.84 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-51
    • L, W.-K.1    Ho, C.-H.2    Van Zee, J.3    Murthy, M.4
  • 108
    • 84891827922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of compressive stress on the pore structure of carbon cloth based gas diffusion layer investigated by capillary flow porometry
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvFKgsL3K
    • Senthil Velan V, Velayutham G, Rajalakshmi N, Dhathathreyan K (2014) Influence of compressive stress on the pore structure of carbon cloth based gas diffusion layer investigated by capillary flow porometry. Int J Hydrog Energy 39(4):1752-1759
    • (2014) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 1752-1759
    • Senthil Velan, V.1    Velayutham, G.2    Rajalakshmi, N.3    Dhathathreyan, K.4
  • 109
    • 33845677632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas diffusion layer durability under steady-state and freezing conditions
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlCmurvM
    • Lee C, Mérida W (2007) Gas diffusion layer durability under steady-state and freezing conditions. J Power Sources 164(1):141-153
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.164 , Issue.1 , pp. 141-153
    • Lee, C.1    Mérida, W.2
  • 110
    • 79952634629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers used in PEMFC: Measured with guarded-hot-plate method and predicted by a fractal model
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlSgsLY%3D
    • Radhakrishnan A, Lu Z, Kandlikar SG (2010) Effective thermal conductivity of gas diffusion layers used in PEMFC: measured with guarded-hot-plate method and predicted by a fractal model. ECS Trans 33(1):1163-1176
    • (2010) ECS Trans , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 1163-1176
    • Radhakrishnan, A.1    Lu, Z.2    Kandlikar, S.G.3
  • 111
    • 84892736147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of through-plane thermal conductivity of partially saturated fuel cell diffusion media
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjtFSltLw%3D
    • Xu G, LaManna JM, Clement JT, Mench MM (2014) Direct measurement of through-plane thermal conductivity of partially saturated fuel cell diffusion media. J Power Sources 256:212-219. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.015
    • (2014) J Power Sources , vol.256 , pp. 212-219
    • Xu, G.1    LaManna, J.M.2    Clement, J.T.3    Mench, M.M.4
  • 112
    • 84861417347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effective thermal conductivity of an anisotropic gas diffusion layer in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvVyhsrg%3D
    • Yablecki J, Nabovati A, Bazylak A (2012) Modeling the effective thermal conductivity of an anisotropic gas diffusion layer in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 159(6):B647-B653
    • (2012) J Electrochem Soc , vol.159 , Issue.6 , pp. B647-B653
    • Yablecki, J.1    Nabovati, A.2    Bazylak, A.3
  • 113
    • 49349106407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and high-resolution-imaging studies of water-content profiles in a polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cell membrane-electrode assembly
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtVais7jJ
    • Weber AZ, Hickner MA (2008) Modeling and high-resolution-imaging studies of water-content profiles in a polymer-electrolyte-fuel-cell membrane-electrode assembly. Electrochim Acta 53(26):7668-7674. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.05.018
    • (2008) Electrochim Acta , vol.53 , Issue.26 , pp. 7668-7674
    • Weber, A.Z.1    Hickner, M.A.2
  • 114
    • 33646410678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonisothermal, two-phase model for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XmtV2lsrk%3D
    • Wang Y, Wang C-Y (2006) A nonisothermal, two-phase model for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 153(6):A1193-A1200
    • (2006) J Electrochem Soc , vol.153 , Issue.6 , pp. A1193-A1200
    • Wang, Y.1    Wang, C.-Y.2
  • 115
    • 33751119559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of through-plane thermal conductivity and contact resistance in fuel cell materials
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOgu7vP
    • Khandelwal M, Mench MM (2006) Direct measurement of through-plane thermal conductivity and contact resistance in fuel cell materials. J Power Sources 161(2):1106-1115. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.092
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 1106-1115
    • Khandelwal, M.1    Mench, M.M.2
  • 116
    • 77956341578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Part 1: Effect of compressive load
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFWntrfI
    • Sadeghi E, Djilali N, Bahrami M (2011) Effective thermal conductivity and thermal contact resistance of gas diffusion layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Part 1: effect of compressive load. J Power Sources 196(1):246-254
    • (2011) J Power Sources , vol.196 , Issue.1 , pp. 246-254
    • Sadeghi, E.1    Djilali, N.2    Bahrami, M.3
  • 117
    • 33646175723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of PEMFCs gas diffusion layers properties
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XktlejtLw%3D
    • Escribano S, Blachot J-F, Ethève J, Morin A, Mosdale R (2006) Characterization of PEMFCs gas diffusion layers properties. J Power Sources 156(1):8-13
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-13
    • Escribano, S.1    Blachot, J.-F.2    Ethève, J.3    Morin, A.4    Mosdale, R.5
  • 118
    • 48149094359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of PEM fuel cell durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpt1elsbw%3D
    • Wu J, Yuan XZ, Martin JJ, Wang H, Zhang J, Shen J, Wu S, Merida W (2008) A review of PEM fuel cell durability: degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies. J Power Sources 184(1):104-119. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.006
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.184 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-119
    • Wu, J.1    Yuan, X.Z.2    Martin, J.J.3    Wang, H.4    Zhang, J.5    Shen, J.6    Wu, S.7    Merida, W.8
  • 119
    • 70349202035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical durability of gas diffusion layer under simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell conditions
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFOqur3F
    • Chen G, Zhang H, Ma H, Zhong H (2009) Electrochemical durability of gas diffusion layer under simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell conditions. Int J Hydrog Energy 34(19):8185-8192
    • (2009) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.34 , Issue.19 , pp. 8185-8192
    • Chen, G.1    Zhang, H.2    Ma, H.3    Zhong, H.4
  • 120
    • 84892028939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Durability aspects of gas-diffusion and microporous layers
    • Springer New York
    • Wood DL III, Borup RL (2009) Durability aspects of gas-diffusion and microporous layers. In: Polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability. Springer, New York, pp 159-195
    • (2009) Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability , pp. 159-195
    • Wood, D.L.1    Borup, R.L.2
  • 121
    • 79851475786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical model for predicting gas diffusion layer failure in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • Yi P, Ni J, Peng L, Lai X (2011) A numerical model for predicting gas diffusion layer failure in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Fuel Cell Sci Technol 8(1):011011
    • (2011) J Fuel Cell Sci Technol , vol.8 , Issue.1
    • Yi, P.1    Ni, J.2    Peng, L.3    Lai, X.4
  • 122
    • 0026204251 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical model of a gas diffusion electrode bonded to a polymer electrolyte
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXltFOksLs%3D
    • Bernardi DM, Verbrugge MW (1991) Mathematical model of a gas diffusion electrode bonded to a polymer electrolyte. AICHE J 37(8):1151-1163
    • (1991) AICHE J , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 1151-1163
    • Bernardi, D.M.1    Verbrugge, M.W.2
  • 123
    • 0026914911 scopus 로고
    • A mathematical model of the solid-polymer-electrolyte fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XlvFGisbY%3D
    • Bernardi DM, Verbrugge MW (1992) A mathematical model of the solid-polymer-electrolyte fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 139(9):2477-2491
    • (1992) J Electrochem Soc , vol.139 , Issue.9 , pp. 2477-2491
    • Bernardi, D.M.1    Verbrugge, M.W.2
  • 124
    • 0027755047 scopus 로고
    • Modeling and experimental diagnostics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXlvVCksg%3D%3D
    • Springer T, Wilson M, Gottesfeld S (1993) Modeling and experimental diagnostics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 140(12):3513-3526
    • (1993) J Electrochem Soc , vol.140 , Issue.12 , pp. 3513-3526
    • Springer, T.1    Wilson, M.2    Gottesfeld, S.3
  • 125
    • 84974975043 scopus 로고
    • Effect of gas evolution on current distribution and ohmic resistance in electrolyzers
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaF3cXnslQ%3D
    • Tobias CW (1959) Effect of gas evolution on current distribution and ohmic resistance in electrolyzers. J Electrochem Soc 106(9):833-838
    • (1959) J Electrochem Soc , vol.106 , Issue.9 , pp. 833-838
    • Tobias, C.W.1
  • 126
    • 33748422474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical investigation of transport component design effect on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpsFymsL4%3D
    • Chiang M-S, Chu H-S (2006) Numerical investigation of transport component design effect on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Power Sources 160(1):340-352
    • (2006) J Power Sources , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 340-352
    • Chiang, M.-S.1    Chu, H.-S.2
  • 127
    • 0346332978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional analysis of transport and electrochemical reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpslCksbg%3D
    • Um S, Wang C (2004) Three-dimensional analysis of transport and electrochemical reactions in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Power Sources 125(1):40-51
    • (2004) J Power Sources , vol.125 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-51
    • Um, S.1    Wang, C.2
  • 128
    • 77949690446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of interfacial phenomena at the gas diffusion layer-channel interface on the water evolution in a PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjt1amtro%3D
    • Gurau V, Mann JA (2010) Effect of interfacial phenomena at the gas diffusion layer-channel interface on the water evolution in a PEMFC. J Electrochem Soc 157(4):B512-B521
    • (2010) J Electrochem Soc , vol.157 , Issue.4 , pp. B512-B521
    • Gurau, V.1    Mann, J.A.2
  • 129
    • 34249307308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical study on the compression effect of gas diffusion layer on PEMFC performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmtVSru7w%3D
    • Zhou P, Wu C (2007) Numerical study on the compression effect of gas diffusion layer on PEMFC performance. J Power Sources 170(1):93-100
    • (2007) J Power Sources , vol.170 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-100
    • Zhou, P.1    Wu, C.2
  • 130
    • 0035250720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-phase flow and transport in the air cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovFSrtw%3D%3D
    • Wang Z, Wang C, Chen K (2001) Two-phase flow and transport in the air cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 94(1):40-50
    • (2001) J Power Sources , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-50
    • Wang, Z.1    Wang, C.2    Chen, K.3
  • 132
    • 41649087554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-sectional insight in the water evolution and transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • Hartnig C, Manke I, Kuhn R, Kardjilov N, Banhart J, Lehnert W (2008) Cross-sectional insight in the water evolution and transport in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Appl Phys Lett 92(13):134106
    • (2008) Appl Phys Lett , vol.92 , Issue.13
    • Hartnig, C.1    Manke, I.2    Kuhn, R.3    Kardjilov, N.4    Banhart, J.5    Lehnert, W.6
  • 133
    • 14744273359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-phase modeling and flooding prediction of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhs1KktLk%3D
    • Pasaogullari U, Wang C-Y (2005) Two-phase modeling and flooding prediction of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 152(2):A380-A390
    • (2005) J Electrochem Soc , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. A380-A390
    • Pasaogullari, U.1    Wang, C.-Y.2
  • 134
    • 25644439860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model of two-phase flow and flooding dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVSltbrK
    • Meng H, Wang C-Y (2005) Model of two-phase flow and flooding dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 152(9):A1733-A1741
    • (2005) J Electrochem Soc , vol.152 , Issue.9 , pp. A1733-A1741
    • Meng, H.1    Wang, C.-Y.2
  • 135
    • 33747171976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical optimization of bipolar plates and gas diffusion layers for PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XotVWktb8%3D
    • Grigoriev S, Kalinnikov A, Fateev V, Wragg A (2006) Numerical optimization of bipolar plates and gas diffusion layers for PEM fuel cells. J Appl Electrochem 36(9):991-996
    • (2006) J Appl Electrochem , vol.36 , Issue.9 , pp. 991-996
    • Grigoriev, S.1    Kalinnikov, A.2    Fateev, V.3    Wragg, A.4
  • 136
    • 57649178188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the effect of inhomogeneous compression of GDL on local transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjtFChsA%3D%3D
    • Nitta I, Karvonen S, Himanen O, Mikkola M (2008) Modelling the effect of inhomogeneous compression of GDL on local transport phenomena in a PEM fuel cell. Fuel Cells 8(6):410-421
    • (2008) Fuel Cells , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 410-421
    • Nitta, I.1    Karvonen, S.2    Himanen, O.3    Mikkola, M.4
  • 137
    • 46749117504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A numerical investigation of the effects of compression force on PEM fuel cell performance
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosVamt7k%3D
    • Su Z, Liu C, Chang H, Li C, Huang K, Sui P (2008) A numerical investigation of the effects of compression force on PEM fuel cell performance. J Power Sources 183(1):182-192
    • (2008) J Power Sources , vol.183 , Issue.1 , pp. 182-192
    • Su, Z.1    Liu, C.2    Chang, H.3    Li, C.4    Huang, K.5    Sui, P.6
  • 138
    • 80052038698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of gas diffusion layer compression by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on running polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVCqsL3O
    • Dotelli G, Omati L, Gallo Stampino P, Grassini P, Brivio D (2011) Investigation of gas diffusion layer compression by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on running polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 196(21):8955-8966. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.078
    • (2011) J Power Sources , vol.196 , Issue.21 , pp. 8955-8966
    • Dotelli, G.1    Omati, L.2    Gallo Stampino, P.3    Grassini, P.4    Brivio, D.5
  • 139
    • 1842478867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid water transport in gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXht1Onuro%3D
    • Pasaogullari U, Wang C (2004) Liquid water transport in gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electrochem Soc 151(3):A399-A406
    • (2004) J Electrochem Soc , vol.151 , Issue.3 , pp. A399-A406
    • Pasaogullari, U.1    Wang, C.2
  • 140
    • 66849095883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical simulation of liquid water and gas flow in a channel and a simplified gas diffusion layer model of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using the lattice Boltzmann method
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmvVOjtrk%3D
    • Tabe Y, Lee Y, Chikahisa T, Kozakai M (2009) Numerical simulation of liquid water and gas flow in a channel and a simplified gas diffusion layer model of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using the lattice Boltzmann method. J Power Sources 193(1):24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.068
    • (2009) J Power Sources , vol.193 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-31
    • Tabe, Y.1    Lee, Y.2    Chikahisa, T.3    Kozakai, M.4
  • 141
    • 80052189194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the anisotropic permeability of a carbon cloth gas diffusion layer through X-ray computer micro-tomography and single-phase lattice Boltzmann simulation
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFWqu7bI
    • Rama P, Liu Y, Chen R, Ostadi H, Jiang K, Zhang X, Gao Y, Grassini P, Brivio D (2011) Determination of the anisotropic permeability of a carbon cloth gas diffusion layer through X-ray computer micro-tomography and single-phase lattice Boltzmann simulation. Int J Numer Methods Fluids 67(4):518-530
    • (2011) Int J Numer Methods Fluids , vol.67 , Issue.4 , pp. 518-530
    • Rama, P.1    Liu, Y.2    Chen, R.3    Ostadi, H.4    Jiang, K.5    Zhang, X.6    Gao, Y.7    Grassini, P.8    Brivio, D.9
  • 142
    • 77955582181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time delay control for fuel cells with bidirectional DC/DC converter and battery
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvFWgtLg%3D
    • Kim Y, Kang S (2010) Time delay control for fuel cells with bidirectional DC/DC converter and battery. Int J Hydrog Energy 35(16):8792-8803
    • (2010) Int J Hydrog Energy , vol.35 , Issue.16 , pp. 8792-8803
    • Kim, Y.1    Kang, S.2
  • 143
    • 84878850307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the transient response and durability characteristics of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with different micro-porous layer penetration thicknesses
    • Cho J, Park J, Oh H, Min K, Lee E, Jyoung J-Y (2013) Analysis of the transient response and durability characteristics of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with different micro-porous layer penetration thicknesses. Appl Energy 111:300-309. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.022
    • (2013) Appl Energy , vol.111 , pp. 300-309
    • Cho, J.1    Park, J.2    Oh, H.3    Min, K.4    Lee, E.5    Jyoung, J.-Y.6
  • 144
    • 84948835216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SGL Carbon Group. SGL TECHNOLOGIES GmbH, Private communication
    • Mändle M, Wilde P (2001) SGL Carbon Group. SGL TECHNOLOGIES GmbH, Private communication
    • (2001)
    • Mändle, M.1    Wilde, P.2
  • 145
    • 26844505918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of mass transport in gas diffusion layer at the air cathode of a PEMFC
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFSiurfE
    • Bultel Y, Wiezell K, Jaouen F, Ozil P, Lindbergh G (2005) Investigation of mass transport in gas diffusion layer at the air cathode of a PEMFC. Electrochim Acta 51(3):474-488. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.05.007
    • (2005) Electrochim Acta , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 474-488
    • Bultel, Y.1    Wiezell, K.2    Jaouen, F.3    Ozil, P.4    Lindbergh, G.5
  • 146
    • 33846997838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of limiting current to determine transport resistance in PEM fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmsl2ku7g%3D
    • Baker DR, Wieser C, Neyerlin KC, Murphy MW (2006) The use of limiting current to determine transport resistance in PEM fuel cells. ECS Trans 3(1):989-999
    • (2006) ECS Trans , vol.3 , Issue.1 , pp. 989-999
    • Baker, D.R.1    Wieser, C.2    Neyerlin, K.C.3    Murphy, M.W.4
  • 147
    • 0345790204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3D, multiphase, multicomponent model of the cathode and anode of a PEM fuel cell
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovFylsb0%3D
    • Berning T, Djilali N (2003) A 3D, multiphase, multicomponent model of the cathode and anode of a PEM fuel cell. J Electrochem Soc 150(12):A1589-A1598
    • (2003) J Electrochem Soc , vol.150 , Issue.12 , pp. A1589-A1598
    • Berning, T.1    Djilali, N.2
  • 148
    • 0031237270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulations of PEFC cathodes: An effectiveness factor approach
    • 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXmtVCisr4%3D
    • Gloaguen F, Durand R (1997) Simulations of PEFC cathodes: an effectiveness factor approach. J Appl Electrochem 27(9):1029-1035
    • (1997) J Appl Electrochem , vol.27 , Issue.9 , pp. 1029-1035
    • Gloaguen, F.1    Durand, R.2
  • 149
    • 29244440409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity study of catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlertbjE
    • Yu HM, Ziegler C, Oszcipok M, Zobel M, Hebling C (2006) Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity study of catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 51(7):1199-1207. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.06.036
    • (2006) Electrochim Acta , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 1199-1207
    • Yu, H.M.1    Ziegler, C.2    Oszcipok, M.3    Zobel, M.4    Hebling, C.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.