Cardiovascular biomarkers and sex: The case for women

Nature Reviews Cardiology

Volumn 12, Issue 10, 2015, Pages 588-596

  Daniels, Lori B ^a   Maisel, Alan S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; GALECTIN 3; GROWTH HORMONE; NATRIURETIC FACTOR; NEUROTENSIN; PROTEIN; ST2 PROTEIN; TROPONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; ACUTE HEART FAILURE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; FEMALE; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; POPULATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SEX; SEX DIFFERENCE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; MALE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE;

BIOMARKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; SEX FACTORS; WOMEN;

EID: 84941876766     PISSN: 17595002     EISSN: 17595010     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.105     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Mozaffarian D., et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131, e29-e322 (2015
2. WHO. The top 10 causes of death. The 10 leading causes of death in the world, 2000 and 2012 [online], http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/(2014
3. Diercks D. B., et al. Risk stratification in women enrolled in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry Emergency Module (ADHERE EM). Acad. Emerg. Med. 15, 151-158 (2008
4. Meyer S., et al. Neurohormonal and clinical sex differences in heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 34, 2538-2547 (2013
5. Meyer S., et al. Sex-specific acute heart failure phenotypes and outcomes from protect. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 15, 1374-1381 (2013
6. Apple F. S., Quist H. E., Doyle P. J., Otto A. P., & Murakami M. M. Plasma 99th percentile reference limits for cardiac troponin and creatine kinase MB mass for use with European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology consensus recommendations. Clin. Chem. 49, 1331-1336 (2003
7. Apple F. S., Ler R., & Murakami M. M. Determination of 19 cardiac troponin I and T assay 99th percentile values from a common presumably healthy population. Clin. Chem. 58, 1574-1581 (2012
8. Giannitsis E., et al. Analytical validation of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay. Clin. Chem. 56, 254-261 (2010
9. Gore M. O., et al. Age-and sex-dependent upper reference limits for the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 63, 1441-1448 (2014
10. Omland T., et al. A sensitive cardiac troponin T assay in stable coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2538-2547 (2009
11. Laufer E. M., et al. The extent of coronary atherosclerosis is associated with increasing circulating levels of high sensitive cardiac troponin T. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 30, 1269-1275 (2010
12. Pope J. H., et al. Missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1163-1170 (2000
13. Bairey Merz C. N., et al. Insights from the NHLBI sponsored Womens Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. Part II: gender differences in presentation, diagnosis, and outcome with regard to gender-based pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and macrovascular and microvascular coronary disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47 (Suppl. 1), 21S-29S (2006
14. Thygesen K., et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 9, 620-633 (2012
15. Bohula May E. A., et al. Prognostic performance of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Clin. Chem. 60, 158-164 (2014
16. Shah A. S., et al. High sensitivity cardiac troponin and the under-diagnosis of myocardial infarction in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 350, g7873 (2015
17. Wiviott S. D., et al. Differential expression of cardiac biomarkers by gender in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a TACTICS-TIMI 18 (Treat Angina with Aggrastat and determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 18) substudy. Circulation 109, 580-586 (2004
18. Balmelli C., et al. Comparison of the performances of cardiac troponins, including sensitive assays, and copeptin in the diagnostic of acute myocardial infarction and long-term prognosis between women and men. Am. Heart J. 166, 30-37 (2013
19. ODonoghue M., et al. Early invasive vs conservative treatment strategies in women and men with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. JAMA 300, 71-80 (2008
20. de Lemos J. A., et al. Association of troponin T detected with a highly sensitive assay and cardiac structure and mortality risk in the general population. JAMA 304, 2503-2512 (2010
21. Saunders J. T., et al. Cardiac troponin T measured by a highly sensitive assay predicts coronary heart disease, heart failure, and mortality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation 123, 1367-1376 (2011
22. deFilippi C. R., et al. Association of serial measures of cardiac troponin T using a sensitive assay with incident heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in older adults. JAMA 304, 2494-2502 (2010
23. McKie P. M., et al. High-sensitivity troponin I and amino-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide predict heart failure and mortality in the general population. Clin. Chem. 60, 1225-1233 (2014
24. Zeller T., et al. High population prevalence of cardiac troponin I measured by a high-sensitivity assay and cardiovascular risk estimation: the MORGAM Biomarker Project Scottish Cohort. Eur. Heart J. 35, 271-281 (2014
25. Nambi V., et al. Troponin T and N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide: a biomarker approach to predict heart failure risk-the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Clin. Chem. 59, 1802-1810 (2013
26. Dallmeier D., et al. Sex-specific associations of established and emerging cardiac biomarkers with all-cause mortality in older adults: the ActiFE study. Clin. Chem. 61, 389-399 (2015
27. Masson S., et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T for detection of subtle abnormalities of cardiac phenotype in a general population of elderly individuals. J. Intern. Med. 273, 306-317 (2013
28. Eggers K. M., Venge P., Lindahl B., & Lind L. Cardiac troponin I levels measured with a high-sensitive assay increase over time and are strong predictors of mortality in an elderly population. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 61, 1906-1913 (2013
29. Glick D., DeFilippi C. R., Christenson R., Gottdiener J. S., & Seliger S. L. Long-term trajectory of two unique cardiac biomarkers and subsequent left ventricular structural pathology and risk of incident heart failure in community-dwelling older adults at low baseline risk. JACC Heart Fail. 1, 353-360 (2013
30. Daniels L. B., & Maisel A. S. Natriuretic peptides. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 50, 2357-2368 (2007
31. Raymond I., et al. The influence of age, sex and other variables on the plasma level of N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in a large sample of the general population. Heart 89, 745-751 (2003
32. Redfield M. M., et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration: impact of age and gender. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 40, 976-982 (2002
33. Wang T. J., et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and death. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 655-663 (2004
34. Wang T. J., et al. Impact of age and sex on plasma natriuretic peptide levels in healthy adults. Am. J. Cardiol. 90, 254-258 (2002
35. Luchner A., et al. Long-term pattern of brain natriuretic peptide and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and its determinants in the general population: contribution of age, gender, and cardiac and extra-cardiac factors. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 15, 859-867 (2013
36. Daniels L. B., et al. Influence of age, race, sex, and body mass index on interpretation of midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of acute heart failure: results from the BACH multinational study. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 14, 22-31 (2012
37. Maisel A. S., et al. Impact of age, race, and sex on the ability of B type natriuretic peptide to aid in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure: results from the Breathing Not Properly (BNP) multinational study. Am. Heart J. 147, 1078-1084 (2004
38. Krauser D. G., et al. Neither race nor gender influences the usefulness of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing in dyspneic subjects: a ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) substudy. J. Card. Fail. 12, 452-457 (2006
39. Maffei S., Del Ry S., Prontera C., & Clerico A. Increase in circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic peptides after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Clin. Sci. 101, 447-453 (2001
40. Lam C. S., et al. Influence of sex and hormone status on circulating natriuretic peptides. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 58, 618-626 (2011
41. Costello-Boerrigter L. C., et al. Amino-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide and B type natriuretic peptide in the general community: determinants and detection of left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47, 345-353 (2006
42. Chang A. Y., et al. Associations among androgens, estrogens, and natriuretic peptides in young women: observations from the Dallas Heart Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 109-116 (2007
43. Hsich E. M., et al. Relationship between sex, ejection fraction, and B type natriuretic peptide levels in patients hospitalized with heart failure and associations with inhospital outcomes: findings from the Get With The Guideline-Heart Failure Registry. Am. Heart J. 166, 1063-1071.e3 (2013
44. Hsich E. M., & Pina I. L. Heart failure in women: a need for prospective data. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 54, 491-498 (2009
45. Fonarow G. C., Peacock W. F., Phillips C. O., Givertz M. M., & Lopatin M. Admission B type natriuretic peptide levels and in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 49, 1943-1950 (2007
46. Bursi F., et al. Systolic and diastolic heart failure in the community. JAMA 296, 2209-2216 (2006
47. Fonarow G. C., et al. Usefulness of B type natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin levels to predict in-hospital mortality from ADHERE. Am. J. Cardiol. 101, 231-237 (2008
48. Paulus W. J., et al. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure: a consensus statement on the diagnosis of heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction by the Heart Failure and Echocardiography Associations of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 28, 2539-2550 (2007
49. Hsich E. M., et al. Sex differences in in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Am. Heart J. 163, 430-437 (2012
50. Knudsen C. W., et al. Diagnostic value of a rapid test for B type natriuretic peptide in patients presenting with acute dyspnoe: effect of age and gender. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 6, 55-62 (2004
51. Meyer L., et al. Incidence, causes, and survival trends from cardiovascular-related sudden cardiac arrest in children and young adults 0 to 35 years of age: a 30-year review. Circulation 126, 1363-1372 (2012
52. Christ M., et al. Gender-specific risk stratification with B type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with acute dyspnea: insights from the B type natriuretic peptide for acute shortness of breath evaluation study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 48, 1808-1812 (2006
53. McDonagh T. A., et al. Biochemical detection of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction. Lancet 351, 9-13 (1998
54. Ledwidge M., et al. Natriuretic peptide-based screening and collaborative care for heart failure: the STOP-HF randomized trial. JAMA 310, 66-74 (2013
55. Greenland P., et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 122, e584-e636 (2010
56. Moller N., & Jorgensen J. O. Effects of growth hormone on glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism in human subjects. Endocr. Rev. 30, 152-177 (2009
57. Hallengren E., et al. Fasting levels of high-sensitivity growth hormone predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 64, 1452-1460 (2014
58. Pincus S. M., et al. Females secrete growth hormone with more process irregularity than males in both humans and rats. Am. J. Physiol. 270, E107-E115 (1996
59. Hindmarsh P. C., et al. A sexually dimorphic pattern of growth hormone secretion in the elderly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 2679-2685 (1999
60. Veldhuis J. D., Roelfsema F., Keenan D. M., & Pincus S. Gender, age, body mass index, and IGF I individually and jointly determine distinct GH dynamics: analyses in one hundred healthy adults. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 115-121 (2011
61. Dumic J., Dabelic S., & Flogel M. Galectin 3: an open-ended story. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1760, 616-635 (2006
62. de Boer R. A., Voors A. A., Muntendam P., van Gilst W. H., & van Veldhuisen D. J. Galectin 3: a novel mediator of heart failure development and progression. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 11, 811-817 (2009
63. Ueland T., et al. Galectin 3 in heart failure: high levels are associated with all-cause mortality. Int. J. Cardiol. 150, 361-364 (2011
64. Tang W. H., et al. Usefulness of plasma galectin 3 levels in systolic heart failure to predict renal insufficiency and survival. Am. J. Cardiol. 108, 385-390 (2011
65. Gopal D. M., et al. Relationship of plasma galectin 3 to renal function in patients with heart failure: effects of clinical status, pathophysiology of heart failure, and presence or absence of heart failure. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 1, e000760 (2012
66. OSeaghdha C. M., et al. Elevated galectin 3 precedes the development of CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 24, 1470-1477 (2013
67. de Boer R. A., et al. The fibrosis marker galectin 3 and outcome in the general population. J. Intern. Med. 272, 55-64 (2012
68. Daniels L. B., Clopton P., Laughlin G. A., Maisel A. S., & Barrett-Connor E. Galectin 3 is independently associated with cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling older adults without known cardiovascular disease: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am. Heart J. 167, 674-682.e1 (2014
69. Ho J. E., et al. Galectin 3, a marker of cardiac fibrosis, predicts incident heart failure in the community. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 60, 1249-1256 (2012
70. Daniels L. B., & Bayes-Genis A. Using ST2 in cardiovascular patients: a review. Future Cardiol. 10, 525-539 (2014
71. Dieplinger B., et al. Soluble ST2 is not independently associated with androgen and estrogen status in healthy males and females. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 49, 1515-1518 (2011
72. Coglianese E. E., et al. Distribution and clinical correlates of the interleukin receptor family member soluble ST2 in the Framingham Heart Study. Clin. Chem. 58, 1673-1681 (2012
73. Kim E. S., Carrigan T. P., & Menon V. Enrollment of women in National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded cardiovascular randomized controlled trials fails to meet current federal mandates for inclusion. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 672-673 (2008
74. Harris D. J., & Douglas P. S. Enrollment of women in cardiovascular clinical trials funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. N. Engl. J. Med. 343, 475-480 (2000
75. Melloni C., et al. Representation of women in randomized clinical trials of cardiovascular disease prevention. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 3, 135-142 (2010
76. Mosca L., et al. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women -2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57, 1404-1423 (2011
77. Carraway R., & Leeman S. E. The isolation of a new hypotensive peptide, neurotensin, from bovine hypothalami. J. Biol. Chem. 248, 6854-6861 (1973
78. Reinecke M. Neurotensin. Immunohistochemical localization in central and peripheral nervous system and in endocrine cells and its functional role as neurotransmitter and endocrine hormone. Prog. Histochem. Cytochem. 16, 1-172 (1985
79. Baca I., et al. Effect of neurotensin on exocrine pancreatic secretion in dogs. Digestion 23, 174-183 (1982
80. Andersson S., Rosell S., Hjelmquist U., Chang D., & Folkers K. Inhibition of gastric and intestinal motor activity in dogs by (Gln4) neurotensin. Acta Physiol. Scand. 100, 231-235 (1977
81. Armstrong M. J., Parker M. C., Ferris C. F., & Leeman S. E. Neurotensin stimulates [3H]oleic acid translocation across rat small intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 251, G823-G829 (1986
82. Tyler-McMahon B. M., Boules M., & Richelson E. Neurotensin: peptide for the next millennium. Regul. Pept. 93, 125-136 (2000
83. Wu Z., Martinez-Fong D., Tredaniel J., & Forgez P. Neurotensin and its high affinity receptor 1 as a potential pharmacological target in cancer therapy. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 3, 184 (2012
84. Bean A. J., Dagerlind A., Hokfelt T., & Dobner P. R. Cloning of human neurotensin/neuromedin N genomic sequences and expression in the ventral mesencephalon of schizophrenics and age/sex matched controls. Neuroscience 50, 259-268 (1992
85. Barelli H., et al. Role of endopeptidase 3.4.24.16 in the catabolism of neurotensin, in vivo, in the vascularly perfused dog ileum. Br. J. Pharmacol. 112, 127-132 (1994
86. Checler F., Vincent J. P., & Kitabgi P. Neuromedin N: high affinity interaction with brain neurotensin receptors and rapid inactivation by brain synaptic peptidases. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 126, 239-244 (1986
87. Friry C., Feliciangeli S., Richard F., Kitabgi P., & Rovere C. Production of recombinant large proneurotensin/neuromedin N-derived peptides and characterization of their binding and biological activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290, 1161-1168 (2002
88. Ernst A., Hellmich S., & Bergmann A. Proneurotensin 1-117, a stable neurotensin precursor fragment identified in human circulation. Peptides 27, 1787-1793 (2006
89. Melander O., et al. Plasma proneurotensin and incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and mortality. JAMA 308, 1469-1475 (2012
90. Melander O., et al. Validation of plasma proneurotensin as a novel biomarker for the prediction of incident breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 23, 1672-1676 (2014
91. Fawad A., Schultz C., Nilsson P., Orho-Melander M., & Melander O. Proneurotensin independently predicts cardiovascular disease-the Malmö Preventive Project. Presented at the 25th European Meeting on Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection