Investigating the Mg-Si binary system via combinatorial sputter deposition as high energy density anodes for lithium-ion batteries

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Volumn 7, Issue 36, 2015, Pages 20124-20133

  Schmuelling, Guido ^a   Winter, Martin ^a   Placke, Tobias ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER   (Germany)

Author keywords

active matrix; combinatorial magnetron sputter deposition; lithium ion battery; magnesium; silicon

Indexed keywords

DEPOSITION; ELECTRIC BATTERIES; ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM ALLOYS; LITHIUM COMPOUNDS; MAGNESIUM; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SECONDARY BATTERIES; SILICON; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SPUTTER DEPOSITION; THIN FILMS; X RAY DIFFRACTION; X RAY SPECTROSCOPY;

ACTIVE MATERIAL; ACTIVE MATRIXES; BINARY SYSTEMS; CAPACITY RETENTION; CONSTANT CURRENT; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; HIGH ENERGY DENSITIES;

LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES;

EID: 84941786543     PISSN: 19448244     EISSN: 19448252     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05382     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Winter, M.; Brodd, R. J. What Are Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors? Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (10) 4245-4269 10.1021/cr020730k
2. Armand, M.; Tarascon, J. M. Building Better Batteries Nature 2008, 451 (7179) 652-657 10.1038/451652a
3. Goodenough, J. B.; Kim, Y. Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries Chem. Mater. 2010, 22 (3) 587-603 10.1021/cm901452z
4. Wagner, R.; Preschitschek, N.; Passerini, S.; Leker, J.; Winter, M. Current Research Trends and Prospects among the Various Materials and Designs Used in Lithium-Based Batteries J. Appl. Electrochem. 2013, 43 (5) 481-496 10.1007/s10800-013-0533-6
5. Andre, D.; Kim, S.-J.; Lamp, P.; Lux, S. F.; Maglia, F.; Paschos, O.; Stiaszny, B. Future Generations of Cathode Materials: An Automotive Industry Perspective J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3 (13) 6709-6732 10.1039/C5TA00361J
6. Goriparti, S.; Miele, E.; De Angelis, F.; Di Fabrizio, E.; Zaccaria, R. P.; Capiglia, C. Review on Recent Progress of Nanostructured Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries J. Power Sources 2014, 257, 421-443 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.103
7. Kohs, W.; Santner, H. J.; Hofer, F.; Schrottner, H.; Doninger, J.; Barsukov, I.; Buqa, H.; Albering, J. H.; Möller, K. C.; Besenhard, J. O.; Winter, M. A Study on Electrolyte Interactions with Graphite Anodes Exhibiting Structures with Various Amounts of Rhombohedral Phase J. Power Sources 2003, 119, 528-537 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00278-7
8. Kasavajjula, U.; Wang, C. S.; Appleby, A. J. Nano- and Bulk-Silicon-Based Insertion Anodes for Lithium-Ion Secondary Cells J. Power Sources 2007, 163 (2) 1003-1039 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.084
9. Obrovac, M. N.; Christensen, L. Structural Changes in Silicon Anodes During Lithium Insertion/Extraction Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2004, 7 (5) A93-A96 10.1149/1.1652421
10. Besenhard, J. O.; Yang, J.; Winter, M. Will Advanced Lithium-Alloy Anodes Have a Chance in Lithium-Ion Batteries? J. Power Sources 1997, 68 (1) 87-90 10.1016/S0378-7753(96)02547-5
11. Winter, M.; Besenhard, J. O.; Albering, J. H.; Yang, J.; Wachtler, M. Lithium Storage Alloys as Anode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries Prog. Batteries Battery Mater. 1998, 17, 208-213
12. Liu, W. R.; Wang, J. H.; Wu, H. C.; Shieh, D. T.; Yang, M. H.; Wu, N. L. Electrochemical Characterizations on Si and C-Coated Si Particle Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Electrochem. Soc. 2005, 152 (9) A1719-A1725 10.1149/1.1954967
13. Courtel, F. M.; Duguay, D.; Abu-Lebdeh, Y.; Davidson, I. J. Investigation of Crsi2 and Mosi2 as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Power Sources 2012, 202, 269-275 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.11.047
14. Hwang, S. M.; Lee, H. Y.; Jang, S. W.; Lee, S. M.; Lee, S. J.; Baik, H. K.; Lee, J. Y. Lithium Insertion in Siag Powders Produced by Mechanical Alloying Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2001, 4 (7) A97-A100 10.1149/1.1375176
15. Jia, H. P.; Stock, C.; Kloepsch, R.; He, X.; Badillo, J. P.; Fromm, O.; Vortmann, B.; Winter, M.; Placke, T. Facile Synthesis and Lithium Storage Properties of a Porous Nisi2/Si/Carbon Composite Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7 (3) 1508-1515 10.1021/am506486w
16. Liu, W. R.; Wu, N. L.; Shieh, D. T.; Wu, H. C.; Yang, M. H.; Korepp, C.; Besenhard, J. O.; Winter, M. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Nisi-Si Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Electrochem. Soc. 2007, 154 (2) A97-A102 10.1149/1.2402106
17. Chen, Y.; Qian, J. F.; Cao, Y. L.; Yang, H. X.; Ai, X. P. Green Synthesis and Stable Li-Storage Performance of Fesi2/Si@C Nanocomposite for Lithium-Ion Batteries ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2012, 4 (7) 3753-3758 10.1021/am300952b
18. Wang, G. X.; Sun, L.; Bradhurst, D. H.; Zhong, S.; Dou, S. X.; Liu, H. K. Nanocrystalline Nisi Alloy as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Alloys Compd. 2000, 306 (1-2) 249-252 10.1016/S0925-8388(00)00775-1
19. Lee, K. M.; Lee, Y. S.; Kim, Y. W.; Sun, Y. K.; Lee, S. M. Electrochemical Characterization of Ti-Si and Ti-Si-Al Alloy Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries Produced by Mechanical Ball Milling J. Alloys Compd. 2009, 472 (1-2) 461-465 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.04.102
20. Nayeb-Hashemi, A. A.; Clark, J. B. The Mg-Si (Magnesium-Silicon) System Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams 1984, 5 (6) 584-592 10.1007/BF02868321
21. Xiao, C. M.; Du, N.; Zhang, H.; Yang, D. R. Improved Cyclic Stability of Mg2si by Direct Carbon Coating as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Alloys Compd. 2014, 587, 807-811 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.10.115
22. Moriga, T.; Watanabe, K.; Tsuji, D.; Massaki, S.; Nakabayashi, I. Reaction Mechanism of Metal Silicide Mg2si for Li Insertion J. Solid State Chem. 2000, 153 (2) 386-390 10.1006/jssc.2000.8787
23. Song, S. W.; Striebel, K. A.; Song, X. Y.; Cairns, E. J. Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Mg2si Thin-Film Electrodes J. Power Sources 2003, 119, 110-112 10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00135-6
24. Ma, R. J.; Liu, Y. F.; Yang, Y. X.; Gao, M. X.; Pan, H. G. Mg2Si Anode for Li-Ion Batteries: Linking Structural Change to Fast Capacity Fading Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105 (21) 213901 10.1063/1.4902510
25. Roberts, G. A.; Cairns, E. J.; Reimer, J. A. Magnesium Silicide as a Negative Electrode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Power Sources 2002, 110 (2) 424-429 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00207-0
26. Kim, H.; Choi, J.; Sohn, H. J.; Kang, T. The Insertion Mechanism of Lithium into Mg2si Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries J. Electrochem. Soc. 1999, 146 (12) 4401-4405 10.1149/1.1392650
27. Shi, Z.; Liu, M. L.; Naik, D.; Gole, J. L. Electrochemical Properties of Li-Mg Alloy Electrodes for Lithium Batteries J. Power Sources 2001, 92 (1-2) 70-80 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00521-8
28. Zhang, W. J. Lithium Insertion/Extraction Mechanism in Alloy Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Power Sources 2011, 196 (3) 877-885 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.114
29. Voutsas, A. T.; Hatalis, M. K.; Boyce, J.; Chiang, A. Raman Spectroscopy of Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Films Deposited by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition J. Appl. Phys. 1995, 78 (12) 6999-7006 10.1063/1.360468
30. Onari, S.; Cardona, M. Resonant Raman-Scattering in Ii-Iv Semiconductors Mg2si, Mg2ge, and Mg2sn Phys. Rev. [Sect] B 1976, 14 (8) 3520-3531 10.1103/PhysRevB.14.3520
31. Baleva, M.; Zlateva, G.; Atanassov, A.; Abrashev, M.; Goranova, E. Resonant Raman Scattering in Ion-Beam-Synthesized Mg2Si in a Silicon Matrix Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2005, 72 (11) 115330 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.115330
32. Whitten, W. B.; Chung, P. L.; Danielson, G. C. Elastic Constants and Lattice Vibration Frequencies of Mg2si J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1965, 26 (1) 49-56 10.1016/0022-3697(65)90071-5
33. Song, S. W.; Striebel, K. A.; Reade, R. P.; Roberts, G. A.; Cairns, E. J. Electrochemical Studies of Nanoncrystalline Mg2si Thin Film Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition J. Electrochem. Soc. 2003, 150 (1) A121-A127 10.1149/1.1527937
34. Buchenauer, C. J.; Cardona, M. Raman Scattering in Mg2Si, Mg2Ge, and Mg2Sn Phys. Rev. [Sect] B 1971, 3 (8) 2504-2507 10.1103/PhysRevB.3.2504
35. Onari, S.; Cardona, M. Resonant Raman-Scattering in II-IV Semiconductors Mg2Si, Mg2Ge, and Mg2Sn Phys. Rev. B 1976, 14 (8) 3520-3531 10.1103/PhysRevB.14.3520
36. Takamura, T.; Ohara, S.; Uehara, M.; Suzuki, J.; Sekine, K. A Vacuum Deposited Si Film Having a Li Extraction Capacity over 2000 Mah/G with a Long Cycle Life J. Power Sources 2004, 129 (1) 96-100 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.11.014
37. Lee, K. L.; Jung, J. Y.; Lee, S. W.; Moon, H. S.; Park, J. W. Electrochemical Characteristics of a-Si Thin Film Anode for Li-Ion Rechargeable Batteries J. Power Sources 2004, 129 (2) 270-274 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.10.013
38. Moon, T.; Kim, C.; Park, B. Electrochemical Performance of Amorphous-Silicon Thin Films for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries J. Power Sources 2006, 155 (2) 391-394 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.012
39. Schranzhofer, H.; Bugajski, J.; Santner, H. J.; Korepp, C.; Möller, K. C.; Besenhard, J. O.; Winter, M.; Sitte, W. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study of the Sei Formation on Graphite and Metal Electrodes J. Power Sources 2006, 153 (2) 391-395 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.05.034
40. Krueger, S.; Kloepsch, R.; Li, J.; Nowak, S.; Passerini, S.; Winter, M. How Do Reactions at the Anode/Electrolyte Interface Determine the Cathode Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries? J. Electrochem. Soc. 2013, 160 (4) A542-A548 10.1149/2.022304jes
41. Smith, A. J.; Burns, J. C.; Dahn, J. R. A High Precision Study of the Coulombic Efficiency of Li-Ion Batteries Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2010, 13 (12) A177-A179 10.1149/1.3487637
42. Besenhard, J. O.; Wagner, M. W.; Winter, M.; Jannakoudakis, A. D.; Jannakoudakis, P. D.; Theodoridou, E. Inorganic Film-Forming Electrolyte Additives Improving the Cycling Behavior of Metallic Lithium Electrodes and the Self-Discharge of Carbon Lithium Electrodes J. Power Sources 1993, 44 (1-3) 413-420 10.1016/0378-7753(93)80183-P
43. Xu, K. Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (10) 4303-4417 10.1021/cr030203g
44. Obrovac, M. N.; Krause, L. J. Reversible Cycling of Crystalline Silicon Powder J. Electrochem. Soc. 2007, 154 (2) A103-A108 10.1149/1.2402112
45. Park, C. M.; Kim, Y. U.; Kim, H.; Sohn, H. J. Enhancement of the Rate Capability and Cyclability of an Mg-C Composite Electrode for Li Secondary Batteries J. Power Sources 2006, 158 (2) 1451-1455 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.017
46. Ender, M.; Weber, A.; Ivers-Tiffee, E. Analysis of Three-Electrode Setups for Ac-Impedance Measurements on Lithium-Ion Cells by Fem Simulations J. Electrochem. Soc. 2012, 159 (2) A128-A136 10.1149/2.100202jes
47. Etacheri, V.; Haik, O.; Goffer, Y.; Roberts, G. A.; Stefan, I. C.; Fasching, R.; Aurbach, D. Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate (Fec) on the Performance and Surface Chemistry of Si-Nanowire Li-Ion Battery Anodes Langmuir 2012, 28 (1) 965-976 10.1021/la203712s
48. Aurbach, D.; Markovsky, B.; Weissman, I.; Levi, E.; Ein-Eli, Y. On the Correlation between Surface Chemistry and Performance of Graphite Negative Electrodes for Li Ion Batteries Electrochim. Acta 1999, 45 (1-2) 67-86 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00194-2
49. Vetter, J.; Novak, P.; Wagner, M. R.; Veit, C.; Möller, K. C.; Besenhard, J. O.; Winter, M.; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M.; Vogler, C.; Hammouche, A. Ageing Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries J. Power Sources 2005, 147 (1-2) 269-281 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.006
50. Andre, D.; Meiler, M.; Steiner, K.; Wimmer, C.; Soczka-Guth, T.; Sauer, D. U. Characterization of High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. I. Experimental Investigation J. Power Sources 2011, 196 (12) 5334-5341 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.12.102
51. Ruffo, R.; Hong, S. S.; Chan, C. K.; Huggins, R. A.; Cui, Y. Impedance Analysis of Silicon Nanowire Lithium Ion Battery Anodes J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113 (26) 11390-11398 10.1021/jp901594g