Climate change skepticism among adolescents

Journal of Youth Studies

Volumn 18, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 1135-1153

  Ojala, Maria ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

climate change education; descriptive social norms; environmental efficacy; tolerance toward immigrant; values; youth

Indexed keywords

EID: 84941734681     PISSN: 13676261     EISSN: 14699680     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13676261.2015.1020927     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. A.Abdelzadeh,, and J.Ekman. 2012. “Understanding Critical Citizenship and Other Forms of Public Dissatisfaction: An Alternative Framework.” Politics, Culture and Socialization 3(1): 177–194.
2. E.Amnå,, M.Ekström, M.Kerr, and H.Stattin. 2009. “Political Socialization and Human Agency: The Development of Civic Engagement from Adolescence to Adulthood.” Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift 111(1): 27–39.
3. T.Antilla,, K.Poikolainen, A.Uutela, and A. J.Lonnqvist. 2000. “Structure and Determinants of Worrying among Adolescent Girls.” Journal of Youth Studies 3(1): 49–60. doi:10.1080/136762600113031.
4. P.G.Bain,., M.J.Hornsey, R.Bongiorno, and C.Jeffries. 2012. “Promoting Pro-environmental Action in Climate Change Deniers.” Nature Climate Change 2: 600–603. doi:10.1038/nclimate1532.
5. A.Bandura, 1977. Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
6. A.Biel,, N.Fransson, and U.Dahlstrand. 1997. “Moral Values Assigned to Real-life Events.” Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 38: 21–28. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00004.
7. M.T.Boykoff,, and J.M.Boykoff. 2004. “Balance as Bias: Global Warming and the US Prestige Press.” Global Environmental Change 14: 125–136. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2003.10.001.
8. K.Brysse,, N.Oreskes, J.O'Reilly, and M.Oppenheimer. 2013. “Climate Change Prediction: Erring on the Side of Least Drama?” Global Environmental Change 23: 327–337.
9. J.M.Bynner,, D.M.Romney, and N.P.Emler. 2003. “Dimensions of Political and Related Facets of Identity in Late Adolescence.” Journal of Youth Studies 6(3): 319–335. doi:10.1080/1367626032000138282.
10. A.Carlsson-Kanyama, and L.Hörnsten Friberg. 2012. Views on Climate Change and Adaptation among Politicians and Directors in Swedish Municipalities. Report from Naturvårdsverket, Sweden.
11. R.B.Cialdini, 2007. “Descriptive Social Norms as Underappreciated Sources of Social Control.” Psychometrica 72(2): 263–268. doi:10.1007/s11336-006-1560-6.
12. D.J.Davidson,, and M.Haan. 2012. “Gender, Political Ideology, and Climate Change Beliefs in an Extractive Industry Community.” Population and Environment 34(2): 217–234. doi:10.1007/s11111-011-0156-y.
13. E.Dostie-Goulet, 2009. “Social Networks and the Development of Political Interest.” Journal of Youth Studies 12: 405–421. doi:10.1080/13676260902866512.
14. A.Engels,, O.Hüther, M.Schäfer, and H.Held. 2013. “Public Climate-change Skepticism, Energy Preference and Political Participation.” Global Environmental Change 23(5): 1018–1027. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.008.
15. Eurobarometer. 2009. Europeans’ Attitudes towards Climate Change. Accessed August 18. http://ec.europa.eu/sverige/documents/eurobarometer_klimatforandringar.pdf.
16. I.Feygina,, J.T.Jost, and R.E.Goldsmith. 2010. “System Justification, the Denial of Global Warming, and the Possibility of ‘System-sanctioned Change’.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 36: 326–338. doi:10.1177/0146167209351435.
17. H.R.Gordon,, and J.K.Taft. 2011. “Rethinking Youth Political Socialization: Teenage Activists Talk Back.” Youth & Society 43(4): 1499–1527. doi:10.1177/0044118X10386087.
18. J.I.M.de Groot,, and L.Steg. 2008. “Value Orientations to Explain Beliefs Related to Environmental Significant Behavior: How to Measure Egoistic, Altruistic, and Biospheric Value Orientations.” Environment and Behavior 40: 330–354. doi:10.1177/0013916506297831.
19. A.Grønhøj,, and J.Thøgersen. 2009. “Like Father, like Son? Intergenerational Transmission of Values, Attitudes, and Behaviours in the Environmental Domain.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 29: 414–421.
20. N.Harring,, and S.C.Jagers. 2013. “Should We Trust in Values? Explaining Public Support for Pro-environmental Taxes.” Sustainability 5: 210–227. doi:10.3390/su5010210.
21. M.Hjerm, 2006. “What the Future May Bring: Xenophobia among Swedish Adolescents.” Acta Sociologica 48(4): 292–307. doi:10.1177/0001699305059943.
22. K.Hobson,, and S.Niemeyer. 2013. “‘What Sceptics Believe’: The Effects of Information and Deliberation on Climate Change Scepticism.” Public Understanding of Science 22(4): 396–412.
23. S.Holmberg, 2007. “Sverigedemokraterna, vilka är dom och vad vill dom? [Sverigedemokraterna - who are they and what do they want?]” In Det nya Sverige [The New Sweden], edited by S. Homberg and L. Weibull, 11–36. Gothenburg: SOM. Göteborgs Universitet.
24. S.Holmberg,, L.Weibull, and H.Oscarsson. 2011. Lycksalighetens ö [The Island of Happiness]. Gothenburg: SOM-Report 52.
25. IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers. Geneva: IPCC.
26. IPCC. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Summary for Policymakers. Geneva: IPCC.
27. M.Islam,, A.Barnes, and L.Toma. 2013. “An Investigation into Climate Scepticism among Farmers.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 34: 137–150. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.02.002.
28. S.Jackman, 2009. Australians, Americans and Climate Change. Sydney: The United States studies center, University of Sydney.
29. B.B.Jensen,, and K.Schnack. 1997. “The Action Competence Approach in Environmental Education.” Environmental Education Research 3(2): 163–178. doi:10.1080/1350462970030205.
30. D.M.Kahan,, D.Braman, J.Gastil, P.Slovic, and C.K.Mertz. 2007. “Culture and Identity-protective Cognition: Explaining the White Male Effect in Risk Perception.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 4(3): 465–505. doi:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2007.00097.x.
31. D.M.Kahan,, E.Peters, M.Wittlin, P.Slovic, L.Larrimore Ouellette, D.Braman, and G.Mandel. 2012. “The Polarizing Impact of Science Literacy and Numeracy on Perceived Climate Change Risks.” Nature Climate Change 2: 732–735. doi:10.1038/nclimate1547.
32. C.A.Klöckner,, A.Beisenkamp, and S.Hallmann. 2010. “Klimawandel aus der Sicht 9–14 jährige Kinder-Emotionen, Bewältigungressourcen und allgemeines Wohlbefinden [Climate Change from the Perspective of 9–14 Year Old Children's Emotions, Coping Resources and General Well-being].” Umweltpsychology 14: 121–142.
33. I.Knez,, S.Thorsson, and I.Eliasson. 2013. “Climate Change: Concerns, Beliefs and Emotions in Residents, Experts, Decision Makers, Tourists, and Tourist Industry.” American Journal of Climate Change 2: 254–269. doi:10.4236/ajcc.2013.24025.
34. A.A.Leiserowitz,, E.W.Maibach, C.Roser-Renouf, N.Smith, and E.Dawson. 2013. “Climategate, Public Opinion, and the Loss of Trust.” American Behavioral Scientist 57: 819–837. doi:10.1177/0002764212458272.
35. J.M.Leppänen,, A.E.Haala, A.M.Lensu, and M.T.Kuitunen. 2012. “Parent-child Similarity in Environmental Attitudes: A Pairwise Comparison.” Journal of Environmental Education 43(3): 162–176.
36. Z.Leviston,, and I.Walker. 2012. “Beliefs and Denials about Climate Change: An Australian Perspective.” Ecopsychology 4(4): 277–285. doi:10.1089/eco.2012.0051.
37. J.Linde, 2004. “Doubting Democrats? A Comparative Analysis of Support for Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe.” PhD diss., Örebro Studies in Political Science 10, Örebro University.
38. S.Livingstone,, and T.Markham. 2008. “The Contribution of Media Consumption to Civic Participation.” British Journal of Sociology 59(2): 351–371. doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2008.00197.x.
39. P.Lynn, 2009. “Methods for Longitudinal Surveys.” In Methodology of Longitudinal Surveys, edited by P. Lynn, 1–20. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
40. D.Lynn Guber, 2013. “A Cooling Climate for Change? Party Polarization and the Politics of Global Warming.” American Behavioral Scientist 57(1): 93–115. doi:10.1177/0002764212463361.
41. E.Maccoby, 2007. “Historical Overview of Socialization Research and Theory.” In Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research, edited by J.E. Grusec and P.D. Hastings, 13–41. New York: Guildford.
42. A.M.McCright,, and R.E.Dunlap. 2011. “Cool Dudes: The Denial of Climate Change among Conservative White Males in the United States.” Global Environmental Change, 21: 1163–1172. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.06.003.
43. J.Nolan,, P.W.Schultz, R.B.Cialdini, V.Griskevicius, and N.Goldstein. 2008. “Normative Social Influence is Underdetected.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34: 913–923. doi:10.1177/0146167208316691.
44. P.Norris, ed. 1999. Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
45. M.Ojala, 2005. “Adolescents’ Worries about Environmental Risks: Subjective Well-being, Values, and Existential Dimensions.” Journal of Youth Studies 8(3): 331–348. doi:10.1080/13676260500261934.
46. M.Ojala, 2012a. “Hope and Climate Change: The Importance of Hope for Pro-environmental Engagement among Young People.” Environmental Education Research 18(5): 625–642. doi:10.1080/13504622.2011.637157.
47. M.Ojala, 2012b. “How Do Children Cope with Global Climate Change? Coping Strategies, Engagement, and Well-being.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 32: 225–233. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.02.004.
48. M.Ojala, 2012c. “Regulating Worry, Promoting Hope: How Do Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Cope with Climate Change?” International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 7(4): 537–561.
49. M.Ojala, 2013. “Coping with Climate Change among Adolescents: Implications for Subjective Well-being and Environmental Engagement.” Sustainability 5(5): 2191–2209. doi:10.3390/su5052191.
50. H.Oscarsson,, and S.Homberg. 2008. Regeringsskifte: väljarna och valet 2006 [Change of Government: The Voters and the 2006 Election]. Stockholm: Nordstedt Juridik.
51. J.Ostman, 2014. “The Influence of Media Use on Environmental Engagement: A Political Socialization Approach.” Environmental Communication 8(1): 92–109.
52. T.F.Pettigrew, 1998. “Reactions towards the New Minorities of Western Europe.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 77–103. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.77.
53. W.Poortinga,, A.Spence, L.Whitmarsh, S.Capstick., and N.F.Pidgeon. 2011. “Uncertain Climate: An Investigation into Public Scepticism about Anthropogenic Climate Change.” Global Environmental Change 21(3): 1015–1024. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.03.001.
54. S.Rahmstorf, 2004. The Climate Sceptics. Potsdam: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Accessed January 13. http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/Publications/Other/rahmstorf_climate_sceptics_2004.pdf
55. Royal Society. 2010. Climate Change: A Summary of the Science. London: Royal Society.
56. S.H.Schwartz, 1977. “Normative Influences on Altruism.” In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 10, edited by L. Berkowitz, 221–279. New York: Academic Press.
57. J.Scott,. 2000. “Children as Respondents: The Challenge for Quantitative Methods.” In Research with Children, edited by P. Christensen and A.James, 98–119. London: Routledge.
58. K.Skogen, 1999. “Another Look at Culture and Nature: How Culture Patterns Influence Environmental Orientation among Norwegian Youth.” Acta Sociologica 42: 223–239. doi:10.1177/000169939904200303.
59. N.Smith,, and A.Leiserowitz. 2012. “The Rise of Global Warming Skepticism: Exploring Affective Image Associations in the United States over Time.” Risk Analysis 32: 1021–1031. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01801.x.
60. Statistics Sweden. 2010. Population Statistics. Örebro: Sweden Statistics. www.scb.se.
61. H.Stattin,., and M.Kerr. 2001. “Adolescents’ Values Matter.” In Navigating through Adolescence: European Perspectives, edited by J.-E. Nurmi, 21–58. New York: Routledge.
62. Å.Strandbu,, and K.Skogen. 2000. “Environmentalism among Norwegian Youth: Different Paths to Attitudes and Action?” Journal of Youth Studies 3(2): 189–209.
63. J.B.Thøgersen, 2006. “Norms for Environmentally Responsible Behavior: An Extended Taxonomy.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 26: 247–261.
64. M.H.Van Zalk., M.Kerr, N.van Zalk, and H.Stattin. 2013. “Xenophobia and Tolerance toward Immigrants in Adolecence: Cross-influence Processes within Friendships.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 41: 627–639. doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9694-8.
65. A.E.J.Wals, 2010. “Mirroring, Gestaltswitching and Transformative Social Learning.” International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 11 (4): 380–390.
66. J.P.Wanous,, and M.J.Hudy. 2001. “Single-item Reliability: A Replication and Extension.” Organizational Research Methods 4: 361–375. doi:10.1177/109442810144003.
67. J.P.Wanous,, A.E.Reichers, and M.J.Hudy. 1997. “Overall Job Satisfaction: How Good Are Single-item Measures?” Journal of Applied Psychology 82: 247–252.
68. L.Whitmarsh, 2011. “Scepticism and Uncertainty about Climate Change: Dimension, Determinants and Change over Time.” Global Environmental Change 21: 690–700. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.016.
69. A.L.Wichman, 2012. “Uncertainty Threat Can Cause Stereotyping: The Moderating Role of Personal Need for Structure.” SAGE Open 2: 1–7. doi:10.1177/2158244012444442.
70. S.J.Wilson,, and C.Snell 2010. “Bad for the Penguins … because They Need Ice and That to Live on’: An Exploratory Study into the Environmental Views, Concerns and Knowledge of Socially Disadvantaged Young People.” Journal of Youth Studies 13(2): 151–168. doi:10.1080/13676260903233704.