Dissolved Organic Matter Quality in a Shallow Aquifer of Bangladesh: Implications for Arsenic Mobility

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 49, Issue 18, 2015, Pages 10815-10824

  Mladenov, Natalie ^a,b   Zheng, Yan ^c,d   Simone, Bailey ^a   Bilinski, Theresa M ^e   McKnight, Diane M ^a   Nemergut, Diana ^a   Radloff, Kathleen A ^d   Rahman, M Moshiur ^c,f   Ahmed, Kazi Matin ^g  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UTC Aerospace Systems   (United States)

^c CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^d Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

^e ST EDWARD'S UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY   (Bangladesh)

^g UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA   (Bangladesh)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AQUIFERS; ARSENIC; ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; COMPLEXATION; DISSOLUTION; GROUNDWATER; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; GROUNDWATER RESOURCES; IRON COMPOUNDS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; RIVER POLLUTION; SEWAGE; WATER POLLUTION;

COMPETITIVE SORPTION; COMPLEXATION REACTION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTERS; ELECTRON SHUTTLING; FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES; GROUNDWATER SYSTEM; REDUCTIVE DISSOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPIC SIGNATURES;

SURFACE WATERS;

ARSENIC; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; FULVIC ACID; GROUND WATER; SURFACE WATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCE; IRON; SEWAGE; WATER POLLUTANT;

ADSORPTION; AQUIFER; ARSENIC; CORRELATION; DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER; FULVIC ACID; GROUNDWATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCE; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; MOBILITY; OPTICAL PROPERTY; QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS; SEWAGE; SHALLOW WATER; SURFACE WATER;

AQUIFER; ARTICLE; BANGLADESH; CARBON NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DISSOLUTION; ELECTRON; HUMAN; HUMIC SUBSTANCE; OPTICS; POLLUTION; SEWAGE; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY; ANALYSIS; CHEMISTRY; FLUORESCENCE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROCEDURES; SEDIMENT; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER POLLUTANT;

ARAIHAZAR; BANGLADESH; DHAKA [BANGLADESH];

ARSENIC; BANGLADESH; FLUORESCENCE; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; GROUNDWATER; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; IRON; MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SEWAGE; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER PURIFICATION;

EID: 84941618886     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01962     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Flanagan, S. V.; Johnston, R. B.; Zheng, Y. Arsenic in tube well water in Bangladesh: health and economic impacts and implications for arsenic mitigation Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 2012, 90 (11) 839-846 10.2471/BLT.11.101253
2. Islam, F. S.; Gault, A. G.; Boothman, C.; Polya, D. A.; Charnock, J. M.; Chatterjee, D.; Lloyd, J. R. Role of metal-reducing bacteria in arsenic release from Bengal delta sediments Nature 2004, 430 (6995) 68-71 10.1038/nature02638
3. Nickson, R. T.; McArthur, J. M.; Ravenscroft, P.; Burgess, W. G.; Ahmed, K. M. Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bengal Appl. Geochem. 2000, 15 (4) 403-413 10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00086-4
4. Harvey, C. F.; Swartz, C. H.; Badruzzaman, A. B. M. et al. Arsenic Mobility and Groundwater Extraction in Bangladesh Science 2002, 298, 1602 10.1126/science.1076978
5. Neumann, R. B.; Ashfaque, K. N.; Badruzzaman, A. B. M.; Ashraf Ali, M.; Shoemaker, J. K.; Harvey, C. F. Anthropogenic influences on groundwater arsenic concentrations in Bangladesh Nat. Geosci. 2010, 3 (1) 46-52 10.1038/ngeo685
6. Fendorf, S.; Michael, H. A.; van Geen, A. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Groundwater Arsenic in South and Southeast Asia Science 2010, 328 (5982) 1123-1127 10.1126/science.1172974
7. Mailloux, B. J.; Trembath-Reichert, E.; Cheung, J.; Watson, M.; Stute, M.; Freyer, G. A.; Ferguson, A. S.; Ahmed, K. M.; Alam, M. J.; Buchholz, B. A.; Thomas, J.; Layton, A. C.; Zheng, Y.; Bostick, B. C.; van Geen, A. Advection of surface-derived organic carbon fuels microbial reduction in Bangladesh groundwater Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2013, 110 (14) 5331-5335 10.1073/pnas.1213141110
8. Kalbitz, K.; Schmerwitz, J.; Schwesig, D.; Matzner, E. Biodegradation of soil-derived dissolved organic matter as related to its properties Geoderma 2003, 113, 273-291 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00365-8
9. Wang, S. L.; Mulligan, C. N. Effect of natural organic matter on arsenic release from soils and sediments into groundwater Environ. Geochem. Health 2006, 28 (3) 197-214 10.1007/s10653-005-9032-y
10. Lovley, D. R.; Coates, J. D.; Blunt-Harris, E. L.; Phillips, E. J. P.; Woodward, J. C. Humic substances as electron acceptors for microbial respiration Nature 1996, 382, 445-448 10.1038/382445a0
11. Kappler, A.; Benz, M.; Schink, B.; Brune, A. Electron shuttling via humic acids in microbial iron(III) reduction in a freshwater sediment FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 2004, 47 (1) 85-92 10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00245-9
12. Jiang, J.; Kappler, A. Kinetics of microbial and chemical reduction of humic substances: implications for electron shuttling Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3563-3569 10.1021/es7023803
13. Roden, E. E.; Kappler, A.; Bauer, I.; Jiang, J.; Paul, A.; Stoesser, R.; Konishi, H.; Xu, H. Extracellular electron transfer through microbial reduction of solid-phase humic substances Nat. Geosci. 2010, 3 (6) 417-421 10.1038/ngeo870
14. Klüpfel, L.; Piepenbrock, A.; Kappler, A.; Sander, M. Humic substances as fully regenerable electron acceptors in recurrently anoxic environments Nat. Geosci. 2014, 7, 195-200 10.1038/ngeo2084
15. Redman, A. D.; Macalady, D. L.; Ahmann, D. Natural organic matter affects arsenic speciation and sorption onto hematite Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36 (13) 2889-2896 10.1021/es0112801
16. Bauer, M.; Blodau, C. Mobilization of arsenic by dissolved organic matter from iron oxides, soils and sediments Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 354 (2-3) 179-190 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.027
17. Jiang, J.; Bauer, I.; Paul, A.; Kappler, A. Arsenic redox changes by microbially and chemically formed semiquinone radicals and hydro-quinones in a humic substance model quinone Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 3639-3645 10.1021/es803112a
18. Warwick, P.; Inam, E.; Evans, N. Arsenics interaction with humic acid Environ. Chem. 2005, 2, 119-124 10.1071/EN05025
19. Buschmann, J.; Kappeler, A.; Lindauer, U.; Kistler, D.; Berg, M.; Sigg, L. Arsenite and arsenate binding to dissolved humic acids: Influence of pH, type of humic acid, and aluminum Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 6015-6020 10.1021/es061057+
20. Liu, G. L.; Cai, Y. Complexation of arsenite with dissolved organic matter Conditional distribution coefficients and apparent stability constants Chemosphere 2010, 81 (7) 890-896 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.002
21. Liu, G.; Cai, Y. Studying arsenite-humic acid complexation using size exclusion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 262, 1223-1229 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.043
22. Ritter, K.; Aiken, G. R.; Ranville, J. F.; Bauer, M.; Macalady, D. L. Evidence for the Aquatic Binding of Arsenate by Natural Organic Matter-Suspended Fe(III) Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 5380-5387 10.1021/es0519334
23. Sharma, P.; Ofner, J.; Kappler, A. Formation of binary and ternary colloids and dissolved complexes of organic matter, Fe and As Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (12) 4479-4485 10.1021/es100066s
24. Liu, G. L.; Fernandez, A.; Cai, Y. Complexation of Arsenite with Humic Acid in the Presence of Ferric Iron Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (8) 3210-3216 10.1021/es102931p
25. Mikutta, C.; Kretzschmar, R. Spectroscopic evidence for ternary complex formation between arsenate and ferric iron complexes of humic substances Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (22) 9550-9557 10.1021/es202300w
26. Anawar, H. M.; Akai, J.; Komaki, K.; Terao, H.; Yoshioka, T.; Ishizuka, T.; Safiullah, S.; Kato, K. Geochemical occurrence of arsenic in groundwater of Bangladesh: sources and mobilization processes J. Geochem. Explor. 2003, 77 (2-3) 109-131 10.1016/S0375-6742(02)00273-X
27. Bhattacharya, P.; Hasan, M. A.; Sracek, O.; Smith, E.; Ahmed, K. M.; Von Brömssen, M.; Hug, S. M. I.; Naidu, R. Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilization in the Holocene flood plains in south-central Bangladesh Environ. Geochem. Health 2009, 31 (1) 23-43 10.1007/s10653-008-9230-5
28. Hoang, T. H.; Bang, S.; Kim, K. W.; Nguyen, M. H.; Dang, D. M. Arsenic in groundwater and sediment in the Mekong River delta, Vietnam Environ. Pollut. 2010, 158 (8) 2648-2658 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.05.001
29. McArthur, J. M.; Ravenscroft, P.; Safiulla, S.; Thirlwall, M. F. Arsenic in groundwater: Testing pollution mechanisms for sedimentary aquifers in Bangladesh Water Resour. Res. 2001, 37 (1) 109-117 10.1029/2000WR900270
30. McArthur, J. M.; Banerjee, D. M.; Hudson-Edwards, K. A.; Mishra, R.; Purohit, R.; Ravenscroft, P.; Cronin, A.; Howarth, R. J.; Chatterjee, A.; Talukder, T.; Lowry, D.; Houghton, S.; Chadha, D. K. Natural organic matter in sedimentary basins and its relation to arsenic in anoxic ground water: the example of West Bengal and its worldwide implications Appl. Geochem. 2004, 19, 1255-1293 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.02.001
31. Sengupta, S.; McArthur, J. M.; Sarkar, A.; Leng, M. J.; Ravenscroft, P.; Howarth, R. J.; Banerjee, D. M. Do ponds cause arsenic-pollution of groundwater in the Bengal Basin? An answer from West Bengal Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 5156-5164 10.1021/es702988m
32. Datta, S.; Neal, A. W.; Mohajerin, T. J.; Ocheltree, T.; Rosenheim, B. E.; White, C. D.; Johannesson, K. H. Perennial ponds are not an important source of water or dissolved organic matter to groundwaters with high arsenic concentrations in West Bengal, India Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011, 10.1029/2011GL049301
33. Mladenov, N.; Zheng, Y.; Miller, M. P.; Nemergut, D. R.; Legg, T.; Simone, B.; Hageman, C.; Rahman, M. M.; Ahmed, K. M.; McKnight, D. M. Dissolved Organic Matter Sources and Consequences for Iron and Arsenic Mobilization in Bangladesh Aquifers Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 123-128 10.1021/es901472g
34. Reza, A. H. M. S.; Jean, J. S.; Lee, M. K.; Liu, C. C.; Bundschuh, J.; Yang, H. J.; Lee, J. C.; Lee, Y. C. Implications of organic matter on arsenic mobilization into groundwater: Evidence from northwestern (Chapai-Nawabganj), central (Manikganj) and southeastern (Chandpur) Bangladesh Water Res. 2010, 44 (19) 5556-5574 10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.004
35. Reza, A. S.; Jean, J. S.; Yang, H. J.; Lee, M. K.; Hsu, H. F.; Liu, C. C.; Lee, C. Y. et al. A comparative study on arsenic and humic substances in alluvial aquifers of Bengal delta plain (NW Bangladesh), Chianan plain (SW Taiwan) and Lanyang plain (NE Taiwan): implication of arsenic mobilization mechanisms Environ. Geochem. Health 2011, 33 (3) 235-258 10.1007/s10653-010-9335-5
36. Weinman, B.; Goodbred, S. L.; Zheng, Y.; Aziz, Z.; Steckler, M.; van Geen, A.; Singhvi, A. K.; Nagar, Y. C. Contributions of floodplain stratigraphy and evolution to the spatial patterns of groundwater arsenic in Araihazar, Bangladesh Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 2008, 120 (11-12) 1567-1580 10.1130/B26209.1
37. Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Bangladesh; British Geological Survey: Keyworth, U.K., 2001.
38. Zheng, Y.; Stute, M.; van Geen, A.; Gavrieli, I.; Dhar, R.; Simpson, H. J.; Schlosser, P.; Ahmed, K. M. Redox control of arsenic mobilization in Bangladesh groundwater Appl. Geochem. 2004, 19 (2) 201-214 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2003.09.007
39. Stute, M.; Zheng, Y.; Schlosser, P.; Horneman, A.; Dhar, R. K.; Datta, S.; Hoque, M. A.; Seddique, A. A.; Shamsudduha, M.; Ahmed, K. M.; van Geen, A. Hydrological control of As concentrations in Bangladesh groundwater Water Resour. Res. 2007, 43 (9) n/a 10.1029/2005WR004499
40. van Geen, A.; Zheng, Y.; Goodbred, S.; Horneman, A.; Aziz, Z.; Cheng, Z.; Stute, M.; Mailloux, B.; Weinman, B.; Hoque, M. A.; Seddique, A. A.; Hossain, M. S.; Chowdhury, S. H.; Ahmed, K. M. Flushing history as a hydrogeological control on the regional distribution of arsenic in shallow groundwater of the Bengal Basin Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (7) 2283-2288 10.1021/es702316k
41. Dhar, R. K.; Zheng, Y.; Stute, M.; van Geen, A.; Cheng, Z.; Shanewaz, M.; Shamsudduha, M.; Hoque, M. A.; Rahman, M. W.; Ahmed, K. M. Temporal Variability of Groundwater Chemistry in Shallow and Deep Aquifers of Araihazar, Bangladesh J. Contam. Hydrol. 2008, 99 (1-4) 97 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.007
42. Zheng, Y. Mobilization of natural arsenic in groundwater: targeting low arsenic aquifers in high arsenic occurrence areas Geology in China 2010, 37 (3) 723-728
43. Legg, T. M.; Zheng, Y.; Simone, B.; Radloff, K. A.; Mladenov, N.; Gonzalez, A.; Knights, D.; Siu, H. C.; Rahman, M. M.; Ahmed, K. M.; McKnight, D. M.; Nemergut, D. R. Carbon, metals, and grain size correlate with bacterial community structure in sediments of a high arsenic aquifer Front. Microbiol. 2012, 3, 82-82 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00082
44. Zheng, Y.; van Geen, A.; Stute, M.; Dhar, R.; Mo, Z.; Cheng, Z.; Horneman, A.; Gavrieli, I.; Simpson, H. J.; Versteeg, R. et al. Geochemical and hydrogeological contrasts between shallow and deeper aquifers in two villages of Araihazar, Bangladesh: Implications for deeper aquifers as drinking water sources Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2005, 69 (22) 5203-5218 10.1016/j.gca.2005.06.001
45. Radloff, K. Geochemical and Hydrologic Determinants of Arsenic Distribution in Sedimentary Aquifers in Bangladesh; Columbia University: New York, 2010.
46. Thurman, E. M.; Malcolm, R. L. Preparative isolation of aquatic humic substances Environ. Sci. Technol. 1981, 15, 463-466 10.1021/es00086a012
47. Weishaar, J. L.; Aiken, G. R.; Bergamaschi, B. A.; Fram, M. S.; Fujii, R.; Mopper, K. Evaluation of specific ultraviolet absorbance as an indicator of the chemical composition and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37 (20) 4702-4708 10.1021/es030360x
48. Cory, R. M.; McKnight, D. M. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals ubiquitous presence of oxidized and reduced quinones in dissolved organic matter Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39 (21) 8142-8149 10.1021/es0506962
49. Mladenov, N.; Huntsman-Mapila, P.; Wolski, P.; Masamba, W. R.; McKnight, D. M. Dissolved organic matter accumulation, reactivity, and redox state in ground water of a recharge wetland Wetlands 2008, 28 (3) 747-759 10.1672/07-140.1
50. Miller, M. P.; McKnight, D. M.; Cory, R. M.; Williams, M. W.; Runkel, R. L. Hyporheic exchange and fulvic acid redox reactions in an alpine stream/wetland ecosystem, Colorado front range Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40 (19) 5943-5949 10.1021/es060635j
51. Datta, S.; Mailloux, B.; Jung, H. B.; Hoque, M. A.; Stute, M.; Ahmed, K. M.; Zheng, Y. Redox trapping of arsenic during groundwater discharge in sediments from the Meghna riverbank in Bangladesh Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106 (40) 16930-16935 10.1073/pnas.0908168106
52. Jung, H. B.; Bostick, B. C.; Zheng, Y. Field, Experimental, and Modeling Study of Arsenic Partitioning across a Redox Transition in a Bangladesh Aquifer Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (3) 1388-1395 10.1021/es2032967
53. Dhar, R.; Zheng, Y.; Stute, M.; Van Geen, A.; Cheng, Z.; Shanewaz, M.; Shamsudduha, M.; Hoque, M.; Rahman, M.; Ahmed, K. Temporal variability of groundwater chemistry in shallow and deep aquifers of Araihazar, Bangladesh J. Contam. Hydrol. 2008, 99 (1) 97-111 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.03.007
54. Zheng, Y.; Hakim, S. A. I.; Nahar, Q.; van Agthoven, A.; Flanagan, S. V. Sanitation coverage in Bangladesh since the millennium: consistency matters J. Water, Sanit. Hyg. Dev. 2013, 3 (2) 240-251 10.2166/washdev.2013.154
55. Artinger, R.; Buckau, G.; Geyer, S.; Fritz, P.; Wolf, M.; Kim, J. I. Characterization of groundwater humic substances: influence of sedimentary organic carbon Appl. Geochem. 2000, 15 (1) 97-116 10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00021-9
56. Neumann, R. B.; Pracht, L. E.; Polizzotto, M. L.; Badruzzaman, A. B. M.; Ali, M. A. Biodegradable organic carbon in sediments of an arsenic-contaminated aquifer in Bangladesh Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 2014, 1 (4) 221-225 10.1021/ez5000644
57. Knappett, P. S.; Escamilla, V.; Layton, A.; McKay, L. D.; Emch, M.; Williams, D. E.; Huq, R.; van Geen, A. et al. Impact of population and latrines on fecal contamination of ponds in rural Bangladesh Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409 (17) 3174-3182 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.043
58. Van Geen, A.; Ahmed, K. M.; Akita, Y.; Alam, M. J.; Culligan, P. J.; Emch, M.; Yunus, M. et al. Fecal contamination of shallow tubewells in Bangladesh inversely related to arsenic Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45 (4) 1199-1205 10.1021/es103192b
59. Bade, D. L.; Carpenter, S. R.; Cole, J. J.; Pace, M. L.; Kritzberg, E.; Van de Bogert, M. C.; Cory, R. M.; McKnight, D. M. 2007. Sources and fates of dissolved organic carbon in lakes as determined by whole-lake carbon isotope additions Biogeochemistry 2007, 84, 115-129 10.1007/s10533-006-9013-y
60. Knappett, P. S.; McKay, L. D.; Layton, A.; Williams, D. E.; Alam, M. J.; Huq, M. R.; van Geen, A. et al. Implications of fecal bacteria input from latrine-polluted ponds for wells in sandy aquifers Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46 (3) 1361-1370 10.1021/es202773w
61. Fellman, J. B.; DAmore, D. V.; Hood, E.; Boone, R. D. Fluorescence characteristics and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter in forest and wetland soils from coastal temperate watersheds in southeast Alaska Biogeochemistry 2008, 88, 169-184 10.1007/s10533-008-9203-x
62. McKnight, D. M.; Boyer, E. W.; Westerhoff, P. K.; Doran, P. T.; Kulbe, T.; Andersen, D. T. Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity Limnol. Oceanogr. 2001, 46 (1) 38-48 10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038
63. Fujii, M.; Imaoka, A.; Yoshimura, C.; Waite, T. Effects of molecular composition of natural organic matter on ferric iron complexation at circumneutral pH Environ. Sci. Technol. 2014, 48 (8) 4414-4424 10.1021/es405496b
64. Lin, H. T.; Wang, M. C.; Li, G. C. Complexation of arsenate with humic substance in water extract of compost Chemosphere 2004, 56, 1105-1112 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.05.018
65. Wolf, M.; Kappler, A.; Jiang, J.; Meckenstock, R. U. Effects of humic substances and quinones at low concentrations on ferrihydrite reduction by Geobacter metallireducens Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43 (15) 5679-5685 10.1021/es803647r
66. Guo, H. M.; Zhang, B.; Yang, S.; Li, Y.; Stuben, D.; Norra, S.; Wang, J. Role of colloidal particles for hydrogeochemistry in As-affected aquifers of the Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia Geochem. J. 2009, 43, 227-243 10.2343/geochemj.1.0020
67. Meharg, A. A.; Scrimgeour, C.; Hossain, S. A.; Fuller, K.; Cruickshank, K.; Williams, P. N.; Kinniburgh, D. G. Codeposition of organic carbon and arsenic in bengal delta aquifers Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 4928-4935 10.1021/es060722b
68. Bauer, M.; Blodau, C. Arsenic distribution in the dissolved, colloidal and particulate size fraction of experimental solutions rich in dissolved organic matter and ferric iron Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 2009, 73 (3) 529-542 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.030
69. Grafe, M.; Eick, M. J.; Grossl, P. R. Adsorption of arsenate (V) and arsenite (III) on goethite in the presence and absence of dissolved organic carbon Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2001, 65 (6) 1680-1687 10.2136/sssaj2001.1680
70. Du, J.; Jing, C.; Duan, J.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, S. Removal of arsenate with hydrous ferric oxide coprecipitation: Effect of humic acid J. Environ. Sci. 2014, 26, 240-247 10.1016/S1001-0742(13)60437-4
71. Giasuddin, A. B.; Kanel, S. R.; Choi, H. Adsorption of humic acid onto nanoscale zerovalent iron and its effect on arsenic removal Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (6) 2022-2027 10.1021/es0616534