Continental runoff into the oceans (1950-2008)

Journal of Hydrometeorology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 1502-1520

  Clark, Elizabeth A ^a,e   Sheffield, Justin ^b   van Vliet, Michelle T H ^c   Nijssen, Bart ^d   Lettenmaier, Dennis P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b Princeton University   (United States)

^c WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d University of Washington   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Hydrologic cycle; Hydrology; Land surface model; Rivers; Water budget

Indexed keywords

HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; HYDROLOGICAL MODELING; LAND SURFACE; RIVER DISCHARGE; RUNOFF; STREAMFLOW; WATER BUDGET;

ANTARCTICA; ARCTIC; GREENLAND; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 84941286529     PISSN: 1525755X     EISSN: 15257541     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-14-0183.1     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Adam, J. C., and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2003: Adjustment of global gridded precipitation for systematic bias. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4257, doi:10.1029/2002JD002499.
2. Adam, J. C., E. A. Clark, D. P. Lettenmaier, and E. F. Wood, 2006: Correction of global precipitation products for orographic effects. J. Climate, 19, 15-38, doi:10.1175/JCLI3604.1.
3. Alsdorf, D. E., E. Rodríguez, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2007: Measuring surface water from space. Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2002, doi:10.1029/2006RG000197.
4. Baumgartner, A., and E. Reichel, 1975: The World Water Balance: Mean Annual Global, Continental and Maritime Precipitation, Evaporation and Run-Off. Elsevier, 179 pp.
5. Becker,A., P. Finger,A.Meyer-Christoffer, B. Rudolf, K. Schamm, U. Schneider, and M. Ziese, 2013: A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901-present. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 71-99, doi:10.5194/essd-5-71-2013.
6. Beven, K., 1997: TOPMODEL: A critique. Hydrol. Processes, 11, 1069-1085, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199707)11:9,1069:: AID-HYP545.3.0.CO;2-O.
7. Beven, K., and M. J. Kirkby, 1979: A physically based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. Hydrol. Sci. Bull., 24, 43-69, doi:10.1080/02626667909491834.
8. Bodo, B. A., 2001: Annotations for monthly discharge data for world rivers (excluding former SovietUnion).NCARRep., 111 pp. [Available online at http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds552.1/docs/docglob.pdf.]
9. Bosilovich, M. G., and S. D. Schubert, 2001: Precipitation recycling over the central United States diagnosed from the GEOS-1 Data Assimilation System. J. Hydrometeor., 2, 26-35, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002,0026:PROTCU.2.0.CO;2.
10. Critchfield, H. J., 1983: General Climatology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, 453 pp.
11. Dai, A., and I. Fung, 1993: Can climate variability contribute to the ''missing'' CO2 sink? Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7, 599-609, doi:10.1029/93GB01165.
12. Dai, A., and K. E. Trenberth, 2002: Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations. J. Hydrometeor., 3, 660-687, doi:10.1175/1525-7541(2002)003,0660: EOFDFC.2.0.CO;2.
13. Dai, A., T. Qian, K. E. Trenberth, and J. D. Milliman, 2009: Changes in continental freshwater discharge from 1948 to 2004. J. Climate, 22, 2773-2791, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2592.1.
14. Döll, P., F. Kaspar, and B. Lehner, 2003: A global hydrological model for deriving water availability indicators: Model tuning and validation. J. Hydrol., 270, 105-134, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00283-4.
15. DWD, 2011: GPCC full data reanalysis version 5. DWD/GPCC, accessed 30 January 2015. [Available online at ftp://ftp-anon.dwd.de/pub/data/gpcc/html/fulldata_download.html.]
16. Fekete, B., C. J. Vörösmarty, and W. Grabs, 2000: Report no. 22: Global composite runoff fields based on observed discharge and simulated water balances. Global Runoff Data Centre/Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Rep., 108 pp.
17. Fekete, B., C. J. Vörösmarty, and W. Grabs, 2002: High-resolution fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated water balances. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16, 15-1-15-10, doi:10.1029/1999GB001254.
18. Fekete, B., C. J. Vörösmarty, J. O. Roads, and C. J.Willmott, 2004: Uncertainties in precipitation and their impacts on runoff estimates. J. Climate, 17, 294-304, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017,0294: UIPATI.2.0.CO;2.
19. Gao, H., and Coauthors, 2010: Water budget record from Variable InfiltrationCapacity (VIC) model. AlgorithmTheoretical Basis Document for Terrestrial Water Cycle Data Records, 56 pp.
20. Gedney, N., P. M. Cox, R. A. Betts, O. Boucher, C. Huntingford, and P. A. Stott, 2006: Detection of a direct carbon dioxide effect in continental river runoff records. Nature, 439, 835-838, doi:10.1038/nature04504.
21. Gerten, D., S. Rost, W. von Bloh, and W. Lucht, 2008: Causes of change in 20th century global river discharge. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20405, doi:10.1029/2008GL035258.
22. Gleick, P. H., 1993: Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources. Oxford University Press, 473 pp.
23. Grabs, W., T. de Couet, and J. Pauler, 1996: Report No. 10: Freshwater fluxes from continents into the world oceans based on data of the global runoff data base. Global Runoff Data Centre/Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) Rep., 228 pp.
24. Haddeland, I., T. Skaugen, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2007: Hydrologic effects of land and water management in North America and Asia: 1700-1992. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1035-1045, doi:10.5194/hess-11-1035-2007.
25. Haddeland, I., and Coauthors, 2011: Multimodel estimate of the global terrestrial water balance: Setup and first results. J. Hydrometeor., 12, 869-884, doi:10.1175/2011JHM1324.1.
26. Harris, I., and P. D. Jones, 2014: CRU TS3.22: Climatic Research Unit (CRU) time-series (TS) version 3.22 of high resolution gridded data of month-by-month variation in climate (Jan. 1901-Dec. 2013). NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre, accessed 30 January 2015, doi:10.5285/18BE23F8-D252-482D-8AF9-5D6A2D40990C.
27. Harris, I., and P. D. Jones, T. J. Osborn, and D. H. Lister, 2014: Updated highresolution grids of monthly climatic observations-The CRU TS3.10 dataset. Int. J. Climatol., 34, 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711.
28. Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 38-55, doi:10.1175/JHM560.1.
29. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull.Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077,0437:TNYRP.2.0.CO;2.
30. Kistler, R., and Coauthors, 2001: The NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247-267, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082,0247:TNNYRM.2.3.CO;2.
31. Korzun, V. I., 1978: World Water Balance and Water Resources of the Earth (English translation). UNESCO, 663 pp.
32. Labat, D., Y. Goddéris, J. L. Probst, and J. L. Guyot, 2004: Evidence for global runoff increase related to climate warming. Adv. Water Resour., 27, 631-642, doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2004.02.020.
33. Lammers, R. B., A. I. Shiklomanov, C. J. Vörösmarty, B. M. Fekete, and B. J. Peterson, 2001: Assessment of contemporary Arctic river runoff based on observational discharge records. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3321-3334, doi:10.1029/2000JD900444.
34. Lehner, B., K. Verdin, and A. Jarvis, 2006: HydroSHEDS technical documentation.WorldWildlife Fund, 27 pp. [Available online at http://hydrosheds.cr.usgs.gov/webappcontent/HydroSHEDS_TechDoc_v10.pdf.]
35. Li, H., M. Huang, M. S. Wigmosta, Y. Ke, A. M. Coleman, L. R. Leung, A. Wang, and D. M. Ricciuto, 2011: Evaluating runoff simulations from the Community Land Model 4.0 using observations from flux towers and a mountainous watershed. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24120, doi:10.1029/2011JD016276.
36. Liang, X., D. P. Lettenmaier, E. F. Wood, and S. J. Burges, 1994: A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for GSMs. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14 415-14 428, doi:10.1029/94JD00483.
37. Lohmann, D., R. Nolte-Holube, and E. Raschke, 1996: A largescale horizontal routing model to be coupled to land surface parametrization schemes. Tellus, 48, 708-721, doi:10.3402/tellusa.v48i5.12200.
38. Lohmann, D., E. Raschke, B. Nijssen, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 1998: Regional scale hydrology: I. Formulation of the VIC-2L model coupled to a routing model. Hydrol. Sci. J., 43, 131-141, doi:10.1080/02626669809492107.
39. L'Vovich, M. I., 1979: World Water Resources and their Future. Amer. Geophys. Union, 415 pp.
40. Macmillan, 1995: The Macmillan World Atlas. Macmillan, 415 pp.
41. Maurer, E. P., A. W. Wood, J. C. Adam, D. P. Lettenmaier, and B. Nijssen, 2002: A long-term hydrologically based data set of land surface fluxes and states for the conterminous United States. J. Climate, 15, 3237-3251, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015,3237: ALTHBD.2.0.CO;2.
42. Milliman, J. D., K. L. Farnsworth, P. D. Jones, K. H. Xu, and L. C. Smith, 2008: Climatic and anthropogenic factors affecting river discharge to the global ocean, 1951-2000. Global Planet. Change, 62, 187-194, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.03.001.
43. Mitchell, T. D., and P. D. Jones, 2005: An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. Int. J. Climatol., 25, 693-712, doi:10.1002/joc.1181.
44. NCAR, 2013: Dai and Trenberth global river flow and continental discharge dataset. NCAR, accessed 6 January 2014. [Available online at www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/catalog/surface/dai-runoff/index.html.]
45. New, M. G., M. Hulme, and P. D. Jones, 1999: Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part I: Development of a 1961-90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology. J. Climate, 12, 829-856, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012,0829: RTCSTC.2.0.CO;2.
46. New, M. G., M. Hulme, and P. D. Jones, 2000: Representing twentieth-century space-time climate variability. Part II: Development of 1901-1996 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate. J. Climate, 13, 2217-2238, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013,2217:RTCSTC.2.0.CO;2.
47. Nijssen, B. N., D. P. Lettenmaier, X. Liang, S. W. Wetzel, and E. F. Wood, 1997: Streamflow simulation for continental-scale river basins. Water Resour. Res., 33, 711-724, doi:10.1029/96WR03517.
48. Nijssen, B. N., G. M. O'Donnell, D. P. Lettenmaier, and E. F. Wood, 2001: Predicting the discharge of global rivers. J. Climate, 14, 3307-3323, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014,3307:PTDOGR.2.0.CO;2.
49. Oki, T., K. Musiake, H. Matsuyama, and K. Masuda, 1995: Global atmospheric water balance and runoff from large river basins. Hydrol. Processes, 9, 655-678, doi:10.1002/hyp.3360090513.
50. Oki, T., Y. Agata, S. Kanae, T. Saruhashi, D. Yang, and K. Musiake, 2001: Global assessment of current water resources using total runoff integrated pathways. Hydrol. Sci. J., 46, 983-995, doi:10.1080/02626660109492890.
51. Oleson, K. W., and Coauthors, 2004: Technical description of the Community Land Model (CLM). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-4611STR, 186 pp.
52. Reclus, E., 1888: The Earth. Vol. I, A New Physical Geography, Virtue, 500 pp.
53. Reichle, R. H., R. D. Koster, G. J. M. De Lannoy, B. A. Forman, Q. Liu, S. P. P. Mahanama, and A. Toure, 2011: Assessment and enhancement of MERRAland surface hydrology estimates. J. Climate, 24, 6322-6338, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05033.1.
54. Rodell, M., and Coauthors, 2004: The Global Land Data Assimilation System. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 381-394, doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-3-381.
55. Schaner, N., N. Voisin, B. Nijssen, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2012: The contribution of glacier melt to streamflow. Environ. Res. Lett., 7, 034029, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/7/3/034029.
56. Sheffield, J., and E. F. Wood, 2007: Characteristics of global and regional drought, 1950-2000: Analysis of soil moisture data from off-line simulation of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D17115, doi:10.1029/2006JD008288.
57. Sheffield, J., G. Goteti, and E. F. Wood, 2006: Development of a 50-yr high-resolution global dataset of meteorological forcings for land surface modeling. J. Climate, 19, 3088-3111, doi:10.1175/JCLI3790.1.
58. Shiklomanov, I.A., 1999: World water resources and their use: A joint SHI/UNESCO product. Accessed 16 April 2014. [Available online at http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/.]
59. Shiklomanov, I.A., and A. A. Sokolov, 1985: Methodological basis of world water balance investigation and computation. New Approaches in WaterBalanceComputations, A. Van derBeken and A.Herrmann, Eds., IAHS Publ. 148, 77-92.
60. Syed, T. H., J. S. Famiglietti, and D. P. Chambers, 2009: GRACEbased estimates of terrestrial freshwater discharge from basin to continental scales. J. Hydrometeor., 10, 22-40, doi:10.1175/2008JHM993.1.
61. Trenberth, K. E., L. Smith, T. Qian, A. Dai, and J. Fasullo, 2007: Estimates of the global water budget and its annual cycle using observational and model data. J. Hydrometeor., 8, 758-769, doi:10.1175/JHM600.1.
62. van Vliet, M. T. H., J. R. Yearsley, W. H. P. Franssen, F. Ludwig, I. Haddeland, D. P. Lettenmaier, and P. Kabat, 2012: Coupled daily streamflow and water temperature modelling in large river basins.Hydrol.Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4303-4321, doi:10.5194/hess-16-4303-2012.
63. van Vliet, M. T. H., W. H. P. Franssen, J. R. Yearsley, F. Ludwig, I. Haddeland, D. P. Lettenmaier, and P. Kabat, 2013: Global river discharge and water temperature under climate change. Global Environ. Change, 23, 450-464, doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.11.002.
64. Voisin, N., A. W. Wood, and D. P. Lettenmaier, 2008: Evaluation of precipitation products for global hydrological prediction. J. Hydrometeor., 9, 388-407, doi:10.1175/2007JHM938.1.
65. Vörösmarty, C. J., C. A. Federer, and A. L. Schloss, 1998: Potential evaporation functions compared on U.S. watersheds: Possible implications for global-scale water balance and terrestrial ecosystem modeling. J. Hydrol., 207, 147-169, doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00109-7.
66. Vörösmarty, C. J., B.M. Fekete, M. Meybeck, and R. B. Lammers, 2000: Global system of rivers: Its role in organizing continental land mass and defining land-to-ocean linkages. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 599-621, doi:10.1029/1999GB900092.
67. Water Systems Analysis Group, 2007: Potential simulated topological networks (STN-30p). Water Systems Analysis Group, accessed 22 July 2010. [Available online at www.wsag.unh.edu/Stn-30/stn-30.html.]
68. Weedon, G. P., S. Gomes, P. Viterbo, H. Österle, J. C. Adam, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, and M. Best, 2010: The WATCH forcing data 1958-2001: A meteorological forcing dataset for land surface and hydrological models. WATCH Tech. Rep. 22, 41 pp. [Available online at http://www.eu-watch.org/publications/technical-reports/3.]
69. Weedon, G. P., and Coauthors, 2011: Creation of the WATCH forcing data and its use to assess global and regional reference crop evaporation over land during the twentieth century. J. Hydrometeor., 12, 823-848, doi:10.1175/2011JHM1369.1.