Meta-analysis of the effect of dietary sodium restriction with or without concomitant renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system–inhibiting treatment on albuminuria

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Volumn 10, Issue 9, 2015, Pages 1542-1552

  D’Elia, Lanfranco ^a   Rossi, Giovanni ^a   Di Cola, Michele Schiano ^a   Savino, Ivana ^a   Galletti, Ferruccio ^a   Strazzullo, Pasquale ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALBUMIN; CREATININE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; SODIUM INTAKE;

ALBUMINURIA; ARTICLE; DIABETES MELLITUS; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; META ANALYSIS; MICROALBUMINURIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; SALT INTAKE; SODIUM INTAKE; SODIUM RESTRICTION; ADMINISTRATION AND DOSAGE; BLOOD; DIET THERAPY; DRUG EFFECTS;

ALBUMINURIA; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; CREATININE; DIET, SODIUM-RESTRICTED; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; SODIUM, DIETARY;

EID: 84941208581     PISSN: 15559041     EISSN: 1555905X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.09110914     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Strazzullo P: Reducing sodium and increasing potassium intake. BMJ 346: f2195, 2013
2. He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA: Effect of longer term modest salt reduction on blood pressure: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ 346: f1325, 2013
3. Strazzullo P, D’Elia L, Kandala NB, Cappuccio FP: Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ 339: b4567, 2009
4. Aburto NJ, Ziolkovska A, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP, Meerpohl JJ: Effect of lower sodium intake on health: Systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ 346: f1326, 2013
5. Fox CS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Culleton B, Wilson PW, Levy D: Predictors of new-onset kidney disease in a community-based population. JAMA 291: 844–850, 2004
6. Yu HC, Burrell LM, Black MJ, Wu LL, Dilley RJ, Cooper ME, Johnston CI: Salt induces myocardial and renal fibrosis in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Circulation 98: 2621–2628, 1998
7. Matavelli LC, Zhou X, Varagic J, Susic D, Frohlich ED: Salt loading produces severe renal hemodynamic dysfunction independent of arterial pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H814–H819, 2007
8. Fiore MC, Jimenez PM, Cremonezzi D, Juncos LI, Garcı´a NH: Statins reverse renal inflammation and endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic high salt intake. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 301: F263–F270, 2011
9. Nickenig G, StrehlowK, Roeling J, ZolkO, Knorr A, Bo¨hmM: Salt induces vascular AT1 receptor overexpression in vitro and in vivo. Hypertension 31: 1272–1277, 1998
10. Stewen P, Mervaala E, Karppanen H, Nyman T, Saijonmaa O, Tikkanen I, Fyhrquist F: Sodium load increases renal angiotensin type 1 receptors and decreases bradykinin type 2 receptors. Hypertens Res 26: 583–589, 2003
11. Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J, Gansevoort RT; Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium: Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: A collaborative metaanalysis. Lancet 375: 2073–2081, 2010
12. Houlihan CA, Akdeniz A, Tsalamandris C, Cooper ME, Jerums G, Gilbert RE: Urinary transforming growth factor-b excretion in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and elevated albumin excretion rate: Effects of angiotensin receptor blockade and sodium restriction. Diabetes Care 25: 1072–1077, 2002
13. Vogt L, Waanders F, Boomsma F, de Zeeuw D, Navis G: Effects of dietary sodium and hydrochlorothiazide on the antiproteinuric efficacy of losartan. J Am Soc Nephrol 19: 999–1007, 2008
14. Ekinci EI, Thomas G, Thomas D, Johnson C, Macisaac RJ, Houlihan CA, Finch S, Panagiotopoulos S, O’Callaghan C, Jerums G: Effects of salt supplementation on the albuminuric response to telmisartan with or without hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes are modulated by habitual dietary salt intake. Diabetes Care 32: 1398–1403, 2009
15. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG; PRISMA Group: Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews andmeta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6: e1000097, 2009
16. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC, editors: Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, editors: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions, Version 5.0.1 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available at www.cochrane-handbook.org. Accessed May 8, 2015
17. D’Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P: Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 57: 1210–1219, 2011
18. Cornell JE, Mulrow CD, Localio R, Stack CB, Meibohm AR, Guallar E, Goodman SN: Random-effects meta-analysis of inconsistent effects: A time for change. Ann Intern Med 160: 267–270, 2014
19. Kontopantelis E, Reeves D: metaan: Random-effectsmeta-analysis. Stata J 10: 395–407, 2010
20. Sterne JAC, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JPA, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, Carpenter J, Rücker G, Harbord RM, Schmid CH, Tetzlaff J, Deeks JJ, Peters J, Macaskill P, Schwarzer G, Duval S, Altman DG, Moher D, Higgins JP: Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 343: d4002, 2011
21. Bax L, Yu LM, Ikeda N, Tsuruta H, Moons KG: Development andvalidationofMIX:Comprehensive free software formeta-analysis of causal research data. BMC Med Res Methodol 6: 50, 2006
22. Mühlhauser I, Prange K, Sawicki PT, Bender R, Dworschak A, Schaden W, Berger M: Effects of dietary sodium on blood pressure in IDDM patients with nephropathy. Diabetologia 39: 212–219, 1996
23. FotherbyMD, Potter JF: Metabolic and orthostatic blood pressure responses to a low-sodium diet in elderly hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens 11: 361–366, 1997
24. Swift PA, Markandu ND, Sagnella GA, He FJ, MacGregor GA: Modest salt reduction reduces blood pressure and urine protein excretion in black hypertensives: A randomized control trial. Hypertension 46: 308–312, 2005
25. Luik PT, Hoogenberg K, Van Der Kleij FG, Beusekamp BJ, Kerstens MN, De Jong PE, Dullaart RP, Navis GJ: Short-term moderate sodium restriction induces relative hyperfiltration in normotensive normoalbuminuric Type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 45: 535–541, 2002
26. Vedovato M, Lepore G, Coracina A, Dodesini AR, Jori E, Tiengo A, Del Prato S, Trevisan R: Effect of sodium intake on blood pressure and albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients: The role of insulin resistance. Diabetologia 47: 300–303, 2004
27. He FJ, Marciniak M, Visagie E, Markandu ND, Anand V, Dalton RN, Mac Gregor GA: Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure, urinary albumin, and pulsewave velocity inwhite, black, and Asian mild hypertensives. Hypertension 54: 482–488, 2009
28. Houlihan CA, Allen TJ, Baxter AL, Panangiotopoulos S, Casley DJ, Cooper ME, Jerums G: A low-sodium diet potentiates the effects of losartan in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25: 663–671, 2002
29. Slagman MC, Waanders F, Hemmelder MH, Woittiez AJ, Janssen WM, Lambers Heerspink HJ, Navis G, Laverman GD; Holland NE phrology STudy Group: Moderate dietary sodium restriction added to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition compared with dual blockade in lowering proteinuria and blood pressure: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 343: d4366, 2011
30. McMahon EJ, Bauer JD, Hawley CM, Isbel NM, Stowasser M, Johnson DW, Campbell KL: A randomized trial of dietary sodium restriction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 24: 2096–2103, 2013
31. Campbell KL, Johnson DW, Bauer JD, Hawley CM, Isbel NM, Stowasser M, Whitehead JP, Dimeski G, McMahon E: A randomized trial of sodium-restriction on kidney function, fluidvolume and adipokines in CKD patients. BMC Nephrol 15: 57, 2014
32. Kwakernaak AJ, Krikken JA, Binnenmars SH, Visser FW, Hemmelder MH, Woittiez AJ, Groen H, Laverman GD, Navis G: Holland Nephrology Study (HONEST) Group: Effects of sodium restriction and hydrochlorothiazide on RAAS blockade efficacy in diabetic nephropathy: A randomised clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2: 385–395, 2014
33. Heeg JE, de Jong PE, van der Hem GK, de Zeeuw D: Efficacy and variability of the antiproteinuric effect of ACE inhibition by lisinopril. Kidney Int 36: 272–279, 1989
34. Vegter S, Perna A, Postma MJ, Navis G, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P: Sodium intake, ACE inhibition, and progression to ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 23: 165–173, 2012
35. Lambers Heerspink HJ, Holtkamp FA, Parving HH, Navis GJ, Lewis JB, Ritz E, de Graeff PA, de Zeeuw D: Moderation of dietary sodium potentiates the renal and cardiovascular protective effects of angiotensin receptor blockers. Kidney Int 82: 330–337, 2012
36. Verhave JC, Hillege HL, Burgerhof JGM, Janssen WM, Gansevoort RT, Navis GJ, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE; PREVEND Study Group: Sodium intake affects urinary albumin excretion especially in overweight subjects. J InternMed 256: 324–330, 2004
37. Campese VM, Parise M, Karubian F, Bigazzi R: Abnormal renal hemodynamics in black salt-sensitive patientswith hypertension. Hypertension 18: 805–812, 1991
38. Rocchini AP, Key J, Bondie D, Chico R, Moorehead C, Katch V, Martin M: The effect of weight loss on the sensitivity of blood pressure to sodiumin obese adolescents. NEngl J Med 321: 580–585, 1989
39. Weir MR, Dengel DR, Behrens MT, Goldberg AP: Salt-induced increases in systolic blood pressure affect renal hemodynamics and proteinuria. Hypertension 25: 1339–1344, 1995
40. van Paassen P, de Zeeuw D, Navis G, de Jong PE: Does the reninangiotensin system determine the renal and systemic hemodynamic response to sodium in patients with essential hypertension? Hypertension 27: 202–208, 1996
41. Kocks MJ, Buikema H, Gschwend S, Boomsma F, de Zeeuw D, Navis G: High dietary sodium blunts affects of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibition on vascular angiotensin I-to-angiotensin II conversion in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 42: 601–606, 2003
42. Vogt L, Kocks MJ, Laverman GD, Navis G: Renoprotection by blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemin diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. Specific involvement of intra-renal angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in therapy resistance? Minerva Med 95: 395–409, 2004
43. Yilmaz R, Akoglu H, Altun B, Yildirim T, Arici M, Erdem Y: Dietary salt intake is related to inflammation and albuminuria in primary hypertensive patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 66: 1214–1218, 2012
44. Rosόn MI, Cavallero S, Della Penna S, Cao G, Gorzalczany S, Pandolfo M, Kuprewicz A, Canessa O, Toblli JE, Fernández BE: Acute sodium overload produces renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in normal rats. Kidney Int 70: 1439–1446, 2006
45. Tian N, Gu JW, Jordan S, Rose RA, HughsonMD,Manning RD Jr.: Immune suppression prevents renal damage and dysfunction and reduces arterial pressure in salt-sensitive hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H1018–H1025, 2007
46. Mann JF, Schmieder RE, McQueen M, Dyal L, Schumacher H, Pogue J, Wang X, Maggioni A, Budaj A, Chaithiraphan S, Dickstein K, Keltai M, Metsärinne K, Oto A, Parkhomenko A, Piegas LS, Svendsen TL, Teo KK, Yusuf S; ONTARGET investigators: Renal outcomes with telmisartan, ramipril, or both, in people at high vascular risk (the ONTARGET study): A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 372: 547–553, 2008
47. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I, Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Anderson C; ONTARGET Investigators: Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 358: 1547–1559, 2008
48. Fried LF, Emanuele N, Zhang JH, Brophy M, Conner TA, Duckworth W, Leehey DJ, McCullough PA, O’Connor T, Palevsky PM, Reilly RF, Seliger SL, Warren SR, Watnick S, Peduzzi P, Guarino P; VA NEPHRON-D Investigators: Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 369: 1892–1903, 2013
49. Parving H-H, Brenner BM, McMurray JJV, de Zeeuw D, Haffner SM, Solomon SD, Chaturvedi N, Persson F, Desai AS, Nicolaides M, Richard A, Xiang Z, Brunel P, Pfeffer MA; ALTITUDE Investigators: Cardiorenal end points in a trial of aliskiren for type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 367: 2204–2213, 2012
50. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redόn J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleight P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Zannad F; Task Force Members: 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 31: 1281–1357, 2013
51. Tuttle KR, Bakris GL, Bilous RW, Chiang JL, de Boer IH, Goldstein- Fuchs J, Hirsch IB, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Narva AS, Navaneethan SD, Neumiller JJ, Patel UD, Ratner RE, Whaley-Connell AT, Molitch ME: Diabetic kidney disease: A report from an ADA Consensus Conference. Am J Kidney Dis 64: 510–533, 2014
52. Pimenta E, Gaddam KK, Oparil S, Aban I, Husain S, Dell’Italia LJ, Calhoun DA: Effects of dietary sodium reduction on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension: Results from a randomized trial. Hypertension 54: 475–481, 2009