메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 127, Issue 2, 2015, Pages 251-257

Practical implementation of incretin-based therapy in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes

Author keywords

Glycemia; Incretin; Inpatient; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

ALOGLIPTIN; DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR; EXENDIN 4; GLUCAGON LIKE PEPTIDE 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; INCRETIN; LINAGLIPTIN; LIRAGLUTIDE; SAXAGLIPTIN; SITAGLIPTIN; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; INSULIN;

EID: 84941008769     PISSN: 00325481     EISSN: 19419260     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.996504     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 84885964455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is incretin-based therapy ready for the care of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes?: The time has come for GLP-1 receptor agonists!
    • Schwartz S, DeFronzo RA. Is incretin-based therapy ready for the care of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes?: The time has come for GLP-1 receptor agonists!. Diabetes Care 2013;36: 2107–11.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 2107-2111
    • Schwartz, S.1    Defronzo, R.A.2
  • 2
    • 84885986031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is incretin-based therapy ready for the care of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes?: Insulin therapy has proven itself and is considered the mainstay of treatment
    • Umpierrez GE, Korytkowski M. Is incretin-based therapy ready for the care of hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes?: Insulin therapy has proven itself and is considered the mainstay of treatment. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2112–17.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 2112-2117
    • Umpierrez, G.E.1    Korytkowski, M.2
  • 3
    • 85049593829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Hospital Association Hospital Statistics
    • (2009 survey data) American Hospital Association; Chicago
    • Health Forum, LLC. American Hospital Association Hospital Statistics. (2009 survey data) American Hospital Association; Chicago: 2011.
    • (2011)
    • Health Forum, L.L.C.1
  • 6
    • 0842268332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of the Diabetes in Hospitals Writing Committee. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals
    • Clement S, Braithwaite SS, Magee MF, et al. on behalf of the Diabetes in Hospitals Writing Committee. Management of diabetes and hyperglycemia in hospitals. Diabetes Care 2004;27:553–91.
    • (2004) Diabetes Care , vol.27 , pp. 553-591
    • Clement, S.1    Braithwaite, S.S.2    Magee, M.F.3
  • 7
    • 0041488807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermountain Heart Collaborative Group. Effect of fasting glucose levels on mortality rate in patients with and without diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
    • Muhlestein JB, Anderson JL, Horne BD, et al. Intermountain Heart Collaborative Group. Effect of fasting glucose levels on mortality rate in patients with and without diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am Heart J 2003;146:351–8.
    • (2003) Am Heart J , vol.146 , pp. 351-358
    • Muhlestein, J.B.1    Erson, J.L.2    Horne, B.D.3
  • 8
    • 33746583335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of hyperglycemia in the cardiac surgery population: The Portland Diabetic Project
    • Furnary AP, Wu Y. Clinical effects of hyperglycemia in the cardiac surgery population: the Portland Diabetic Project. Endocr Pract 2006;12:22–6.
    • (2006) Endocr Pract , vol.12 , pp. 22-26
    • Furnary, A.P.1    Wu, Y.2
  • 9
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients
    • van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1359–67.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van Den Berghe, G.1    Wouters, P.2    Weekers, F.3
  • 10
    • 20244384563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): Effects on mortality and morbidity
    • DIGAMI 2 Investigators
    • Malmberg K, Ryden L, Wedel H, Birkeland K, Bootsma A; DIGAMI 2 Investigators. Intense metabolic control by means of insulin in patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI 2): effects on mortality and morbidity. Eur Heart J 2005;26:650–61.
    • (2005) Eur Heart J , vol.26 , pp. 650-661
    • Malmberg, K.1    Ryden, L.2    Wedel, H.3    Birkeland, K.4    Bootsma, A.5
  • 11
    • 38049096093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis
    • German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet)
    • Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F, Meier-Hellman A, Ragaller M; German Competence Network Sepsis (SepNet). Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:125–39.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 125-139
    • Brunkhorst, F.M.1    Engel, C.2    Bloos, F.3    Meier-Hellman, A.4    Ragaller, M.5
  • 12
    • 72249083789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: The Glucontrol study
    • European Glucontrol Trial
    • Preiser JC, Devos P, Ruiz-Santana S; European Glucontrol Trial. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:1738–48.
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 1738-1748
    • Preiser, J.C.1    Devos, P.2    Ruiz-Santana, S.3
  • 13
    • 63249128249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients
    • The NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators
    • The NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators. Finfer S, Chittock DR, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1283–97.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1283-1297
    • Finfer, S.1    Chittock, D.R.2
  • 14
    • 32044465949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU
    • Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med 2006;354:449–61.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 449-461
    • Van Den Berghe, G.1    Wilmer, A.2    Hermans, G.3
  • 15
    • 67650090984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemia and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized in the general ward
    • Turchin A, Matheny ME, Shubina M, et al. Hypoglycemia and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes hospitalized in the general ward. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1153–7.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1153-1157
    • Turchin, A.1    Matheny, M.E.2    Shubina, M.3
  • 16
    • 50449103607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: A meta-analysis
    • Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2008;300:933–44.
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , pp. 933-944
    • Wiener, R.S.1    Wiener, D.C.2    Larson, R.J.3
  • 17
    • 33746653814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control
    • The ACE/ADA Task Force on inpatient diabetes
    • The ACE/ADA Task Force on inpatient diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1955–62.
    • (2006) Diabetes Care , vol.29 , pp. 1955-1962
  • 18
    • 33750111805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control
    • The ACE/ADA Task Force on inpatient diabetes
    • The ACE/ADA Task Force on inpatient diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control. Endocr Pract 2006;12:458–68.
    • (2006) Endocr Pract , vol.12 , pp. 458-468
  • 19
    • 63249135422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control in the ICU—how tight is too tight?
    • Inzucchi SE, Siegel MD. Glucose control in the ICU—how tight is too tight? N Engl J Med 2009;360:1346–9.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1346-1349
    • Inzucchi, S.E.1    Siegel, M.D.2
  • 20
    • 84870225739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients
    • Jacobi J, Bircher N, Krinsley J, et al. Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2012;40:3251–76.
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 3251-3276
    • Jacobi, J.1    Bircher, N.2    Krinsley, J.3
  • 22
  • 23
    • 79951694168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment prevents glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and islet-cell dysfunction in humans
    • van Raalte DH, van Genugten RE, Linssen MM, Ouwens DM, Diamant M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment prevents glucocorticoid-induced glucose intolerance and islet-cell dysfunction in humans. Diabetes Care 2011;34:412–17.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 412-417
    • Van Raalte, D.H.1    Van Genugten, R.E.2    Linssen, M.M.3    Ouwens, D.M.4    Diamant, M.5
  • 24
    • 33745319608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4
    • Ranta F, Avram D, Berchtold S, et al. Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4. Diabetes 2006;55:1380–90.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 1380-1390
    • Ranta, F.1    Avram, D.2    Berchtold, S.3
  • 25
    • 78650733949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Defining the potential of glucagonlike peptide-1-based therapies
    • Chilton R, Wyatt J, Nandish S, Oliverso R, Lujan M. Cardiovascular comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus: defining the potential of glucagonlike peptide-1-based therapies. Am J Med 2011;124: S35–53.
    • (2011) Am J Med , vol.124 , pp. S35-S53
    • Chilton, R.1    Wyatt, J.2    Nandish, S.3    Oliverso, R.4    Lujan, M.5
  • 26
    • 79952694840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular safety of exenatide BID: An integrated analysis from controlled clinical trials in participants with type 2 diabetes
    • Ratner R, Han J, Nicewarner D, Yushamanova I, Hoogwerf BJ, Shen L. Cardiovascular safety of exenatide BID: an integrated analysis from controlled clinical trials in participants with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011;10:22.
    • (2011) Cardiovasc Diabetol , vol.10 , pp. 22
    • Ratner, R.1    Han, J.2    Nicewarner, D.3    Yushamanova, I.4    Hoogwerf, B.J.5    Shen, L.6
  • 27
    • 55549136417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: A randomized, cross-over study
    • DeFronzo RA, Okerson T, Viswanathan P, Guan X, Holcombe JH, MacConell L. Effects of exenatide versus sitagliptin on postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon secretion, gastric emptying, and caloric intake: a randomized, cross-over study. Curr Med Res Opin 2008;24:2943–52.
    • (2008) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.24 , pp. 2943-2952
    • Defronzo, R.A.1    Okerson, T.2    Viswanathan, P.3    Guan, X.4    Holcombe, J.H.5    Macconell, L.6
  • 28
    • 84891854320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin therapy for the inpatient management of general medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes: A pilot, randomized, controlled study
    • Umpierrez GE, Gianchandani R, Smiley D, et al. Safety and efficacy of sitagliptin therapy for the inpatient management of general medicine and surgery patients with type 2 diabetes: a pilot, randomized, controlled study. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3430–5.
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 3430-3435
    • Umpierrez, G.E.1    Gianchandani, R.2    Smiley, D.3
  • 29
    • 84964003014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of incretin-based therapy in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia
    • Umpierrez GE, Schwartz S. Use of incretin-based therapy in hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia. Endocr Pract 2014;20:1–36.
    • (2014) Endocr Pract , vol.20 , pp. 1-36
    • Umpierrez, G.E.1    Schwartz, S.2
  • 30
    • 45549101449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes
    • Cervera A, Wajcberg E, Sriwijitkamol A, et al. Mechanism of action of exenatide to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Am J Phys Endocrinol Metab 2008;294: E846–52.
    • (2008) Am J Phys Endocrinol Metab , vol.294 , pp. 846-852
    • Cervera, A.1    Wajcberg, E.2    Sriwijitkamol, A.3
  • 31
    • 84902257541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous GLP-1 (7-36) amide for prevention of hyperglycemia during cardiac surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Kohl BA, Hammond MS, Cucchiara AJ, Ochroch EA. Intravenous GLP-1 (7-36) amide for prevention of hyperglycemia during cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Cardiothorac Vascul Anesthes 2014;28:618–25.
    • (2014) J Cardiothorac Vascul Anesthes , vol.28 , pp. 618-625
    • Kohl, B.A.1    Hammond, M.S.2    Cucchiara, A.J.3    Ochroch, E.A.4
  • 32
    • 69549126225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a continuous GLP-1 infusion compared with a structured insulin infusion protocol to reach normoglycemia in nonfasted type 2 diabetic patients: A clinical pilot trial
    • Sourij H, Schmolzer I, Kettler-Schmut E, et al. Efficacy of a continuous GLP-1 infusion compared with a structured insulin infusion protocol to reach normoglycemia in nonfasted type 2 diabetic patients: a clinical pilot trial. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1669–71.
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1669-1671
    • Sourij, H.1    Schmolzer, I.2    Kettler-Schmut, E.3
  • 33
    • 67249124672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient in the critically ill: A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross over study
    • Deane AM, Chapman MJ, Fraser RJ, et al. The effect of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient in the critically ill: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross over study. Critical Care 2009;13:R67.
    • (2009) Critical Care , vol.13 , pp. 67
    • Deane, A.M.1    Chapman, M.J.2    Fraser, R.J.3
  • 34
    • 51749088973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose control and hemodynamics after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Mussig K, Oncu A, Lindauer P, et al. Effects of intravenous glucagon-like peptide-1 on glucose control and hemodynamics after coronary artery bypass surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:646–7.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.102 , pp. 646-647
    • Mussig, K.1    Oncu, A.2    Lindauer, P.3
  • 35
    • 1542509792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 normalizes blood glucose after major surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Meier JJ, Weyhe D, Michaely M, et al. Intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 normalizes blood glucose after major surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes. Crit Care Med 2004;32:848–51.
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 848-851
    • Meier, J.J.1    Weyhe, D.2    Michaely, M.3
  • 36
    • 84881507609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hyperglycemia with the administration of intravenous exenatide to patients in the cardiac intensive care unit
    • Abuannadi M, Kosiborod M, Riggs L, et al. Management of hyperglycemia with the administration of intravenous exenatide to patients in the cardiac intensive care unit. Endocr Pract 2013;19: 81–90.
    • (2013) Endocr Pract , vol.19 , pp. 81-90
    • Abuannadi, M.1    Kosiborod, M.2    Riggs, L.3
  • 37
    • 77749273703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of 48-h glucagon-like peptide-1 infusion in compensated chronic patients with heart failure
    • Halbirk M, Norrelund H, Moller N, et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic effects of 48-h glucagon-like peptide-1 infusion in compensated chronic patients with heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010;298:H1096–102.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.298 , pp. 1096-1102
    • Halbirk, M.1    Norrelund, H.2    Moller, N.3
  • 38
    • 77955405152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of exenatide in severely burned pediatric patients
    • Mecott GA, Herndon DN, Kulp GA, et al. The use of exenatide in severely burned pediatric patients. Crit Care 2010;14:R153.
    • (2010) Crit Care , vol.14 , pp. 153
    • Mecott, G.A.1    Herndon, D.N.2    Kulp, G.A.3
  • 39
    • 34547930879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycemic control and left ventricular function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
    • Sokos GG, Bolukoglu H, German J, et al. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on glycemic control and left ventricular function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:824–9.
    • (2007) Am J Cardiol , vol.100 , pp. 824-829
    • Sokos, G.G.1    Bolukoglu, H.2    German, J.3
  • 40
    • 1442311383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucagonlike peptide-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction after successful reperfusion
    • Nikolaidis LA, Mankad S, Sokos GG, et al. Effects of glucagonlike peptide-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction after successful reperfusion. Circulation 2004;109:962–5.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 962-965
    • Nikolaidis, L.A.1    Mankad, S.2    Sokos, G.G.3
  • 41
    • 84860807487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide reduces final infarct size in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and short-duration of ischemia
    • Lonborg J, Kelbaek H, Vejlstrup N, et al. Exenatide reduces final infarct size in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and short-duration of ischemia. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2012;5:288–95.
    • (2012) Circ Cardiovasc Interv , vol.5 , pp. 288-295
    • Lonborg, J.1    Kelbaek, H.2    Vejlstrup, N.3
  • 42
    • 77951934948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DPP-4 inhibition by sitagliptin improves the myocardial response to dobutamine stress and mitigates stunning in a pilot study of patients with coronary artery disease
    • Read PA, Khan FZ, Heck PM, Heck PM, Hoole SP, Dutka DP. DPP-4 inhibition by sitagliptin improves the myocardial response to dobutamine stress and mitigates stunning in a pilot study of patients with coronary artery disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010;3:195–201.
    • (2010) Circ Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.3 , pp. 195-201
    • Read, P.A.1    Khan, F.Z.2    Heck, P.M.3    Heck, P.M.4    Hoole, S.P.5    Dutka, D.P.6
  • 43
    • 33845293219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon- like peptide-1 infusion improves left ventricular ejection fraction and functional status in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Sokos GG, Nikolaidis LA, Mankad S, Elahi D, Shannon RP. Glucagon- like peptide-1 infusion improves left ventricular ejection fraction and functional status in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiac Fail 2006;12:694–9.
    • (2006) J Cardiac Fail , vol.12 , pp. 694-699
    • Sokos, G.G.1    Nikolaidis, L.A.2    Mankad, S.3    Elahi, D.4    Shannon, R.P.5
  • 45
    • 38149083367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of GLP-1 analogues exendin-4 and GLP-1(9-36) amide against ischemiareperfusion injury in rat heart
    • Sonne DP, Engstrom T, Treiman M. Protective effects of GLP-1 analogues exendin-4 and GLP-1(9-36) amide against ischemiareperfusion injury in rat heart. Regul Pept 2008;146:243–9.
    • (2008) Regul Pept , vol.146 , pp. 243-249
    • Sonne, D.P.1    Engstrom, T.2    Treiman, M.3
  • 46
    • 84871825708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exenatide improves endothelial function assessed by flow mediated dilation technique in subjects with type 2 diabetes: Results from an observational research
    • Irace C, De Luca S, Shehaj E, et al. Exenatide improves endothelial function assessed by flow mediated dilation technique in subjects with type 2 diabetes: results from an observational research. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013;10:72–7.
    • (2013) Diab Vasc Dis Res , vol.10 , pp. 72-77
    • Irace, C.1    De Luca, S.2    Shehaj, E.3
  • 47
    • 2942668372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces natriuresis in healthy subjects and in insulin-resistant obese men
    • Gutzwiller JP, Tschopp S, Bock A, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces natriuresis in healthy subjects and in insulin-resistant obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:3055–61.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 3055-3061
    • Gutzwiller, J.P.1    Tschopp, S.2    Bock, A.3
  • 48
    • 84883765959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and investigators
    • Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, Steg PG, Davidson J, Hirshberg B; SAVOR-TIMI 53 Steering Committee and investigators. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013;369: 1317–26.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 1317-1326
    • Scirica, B.M.1    Bhatt, D.L.2    Braunwald, E.3    Steg, P.G.4    Davidson, J.5    Hirshberg, B.6
  • 50
    • 84888615218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The necessity for clinical reasoning in the era of evidence-based medicine
    • Sniderman AD, LaChapelle KJ, Rachon NA, Furberg CD. The necessity for clinical reasoning in the era of evidence-based medicine. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88:1108–14.
    • (2013) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.88 , pp. 1108-1114
    • Sniderman, A.D.1    Lachapelle, K.J.2    Rachon, N.A.3    Furberg, C.D.4
  • 51
    • 77952309372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: A 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial
    • 1860-LIRA-DPP-4 Study Group
    • Pratley RE, Nauck M, Bailey T, Montanya E, Cuddihy R, Filetti S; 1860-LIRA-DPP-4 Study Group. Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. Lancet 2010;375:1447–56.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.375 , pp. 1447-1456
    • Pratley, R.E.1    Nauck, M.2    Bailey, T.3    Montanya, E.4    Cuddihy, R.5    Filetti, S.6
  • 52
    • 75149127635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous glucagonlike peptide-1 slows gastric emptying in healthy subjects, attenuating postprandial glycemia
    • Deane AM, Nguyen NQ, Stevens JE, et al. Endogenous glucagonlike peptide-1 slows gastric emptying in healthy subjects, attenuating postprandial glycemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95: 215–21.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 215-221
    • Deane, A.M.1    Nguyen, N.Q.2    Stevens, J.E.3
  • 53
    • 77956832959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic use of anti-emetic medications reduced nausea and vomiting associated with exenatide treatment: A retrospective analysis of an open-label, parallelgroup, single-dose study in healthy subjects
    • Ellero C, Han J, Bhavsar S, et al. Prophylactic use of anti-emetic medications reduced nausea and vomiting associated with exenatide treatment: a retrospective analysis of an open-label, parallelgroup, single-dose study in healthy subjects. Diabetic Med 2010; 27:1168–73.
    • (2010) Diabetic Med , vol.27 , pp. 1168-1173
    • Ellero, C.1    Han, J.2    Bhavsar, S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.