Undersea Amplified Lightwave Systems Design

Optical Fiber Telecommunications IIIA: Third Edition

Volumn A, Issue , 1997, Pages 302-335

  Bergano, Neal S ^a  

^a AT AND T LABS RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS;

EID: 84940946221     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-051316-4.50014-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (59)

1. Agrawal G.P. Group-velocity dispersion. Nonlinear fiber optics 1989, 51-73. Academic Press, Boston, Chapter 3.
2. Agrawal G.P. Nonlinear fiber optics. 1989, Academic Press, Boston.
3. AT&T Undersea communications systems. AT&T Tech. J. 1995, 74(1).
4. Bell Telephone Laboratories Transmission systems for communications. 1982, 741. Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ. 5th ed.
5. Bergano N.S., Aspell J., Davidson C.R., Trischitta P.R., Nyman B.M., Kerfoot F.W. Bit error rate measurements of a 14,000 km 5 Gb/s fiber-amplifier transmission system using a circulating loop. Electron. Lett. 1991, 27(21):1889.
6. Bergano, N. S., J. Aspell, C. R. Davidson, P. R. Trischitta, B. M. Nyman, and F. W. Kerfoot. 1991b. A 9000 km 5 Gb/s and 21,000 km 2.4 Gb/s feasibility demonstration of transoceanic EDFA systems using a circulating loop. In OFC '91, San Diego, CA. Postdeadline paper PD13, PD13-1.
7. Bergano, N. S., and C. R. Davidson. 1995. Polarization scrambling induced timing jitter in optical amplifier systems. In OFC '95, San Diego, CA. Paper WG3, 122.
8. Bergano N.S., Davidson C.R., Heismann F. Bit-synchronous polarization and phase modulation scheme for improving the transmission performance of optical amplifier transmission system. Electron. Lett. 1996, 32(1).
9. Bergano, N. S., C. R. Davidson, G. M. Homsey, D. J. Kalmus, P. R. Trischitta, J. Aspell, D. A. Gray, R. L. Maybach, S. Yamamoto, H. Taga, N. Edagawa, Y. Yoshida, Y. Horiuchi, T. Kawazawa, Y. Namihira, and S. Akiba. 1992. 9000 km, 5 Gb/s NRZ transmission experiment using 274 erbium-doped fiber-amplifiers. In Optical amplifiers and their applications topical meeting, Santa Fe, NM. Post-deadline paper PD11.
10. Bergano, N. S., C. R. Davidson, and T. Li. 1993. A two-wavelength depolarized transmitter for improved transmission performance in long-haul EDFA systems. In LEOS '93 annual meeting, San Jose, CA, November 1993. Postdeadline paper PD2.2, 23.
11. Bergano, N. S., C. R. Davidson, et al. 1995. 40 Gb/s WDM transmission of eight 5 Gb/s data channels over transoceanic distances using the conventional NRZ modulation format. In OFC '95, San Diego, CA. Paper PD19.
12. Bergano, N. S., C. R. Davidson, A. M. Vengsarkar, B. M. Nyman, S. G. Evangelides, J. M. Darcie, M. Ma, J. D. Evankow, P. C. Corbett, M. A. Mills, G. A. Ferguson, J. R. Pedrazzani, J. A. Nagel, J. L. Zyskind, J. W. Sulhoff, and A. J. Lucero. 1995. 100 Gb/s WDM transmission of twenty 5 Gb/s NRZ data channels over transoceanic distances using a gain flattened amplifier chain. In European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC '95), Brussels, Belgium Paper Th.A. 3.1, 967.
13. Bergano N.S., Kerfoot F.W., Davidson C.R. Margin measurements in optical amplifier systems. IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 1993, 5(3):304.
14. Bergano, N. S., V. J. Mazurczyk, and C. R. Davidson. 1994. Polarization scrambling improves SNR performance in a chain of EDFAs. In OFC '94, San Jose, CA.
15. Bruyere F., Audouin O. Penalties in long-haul optical amplifier systems due to polarization dependent loss and gain. IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 1994, 6(5):654.
16. Ehrbar R.D. Undersea cables for telephony. Undersea lightwave communications 1986, IEEE Press, New York, chapter 1.
17. Feggeler, J. C., D. G. Duff, N. S. Bergano, C. Chen, Y. Chen, C. R. Davidson, D. G. Ehrenberg, S. J. Evangelides, G. A. Ferguson, F. L. Heismann, G. M. Homsey, H. D. Kidorf, T. M. Kissell, A. E. Meixner, R. Menges, J. L. Miller, O. Mizuhara, T. V. Nguyen, B. M. Nyman, Y. K. Park, W. W. Patterson, and G. F. Valvo. 1996. 10 Gb/s WDM transmission measurements on an installed optical amplifier undersea cable system. In OFC '96, San Jose, CA. Paper TUN3, 72.
18. Fukada Y., Imai T., Mamoru A. BER fluctuation suppression in optical in-line amplifier systems using polarization scrambling technique. Electron. Lett. 1994, 30(5):432.
19. Giles C.R., Desurvire E. Propagation of signal and noise in concatenated erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. J. Lightwave Tech. 1991, 9(2):147.
20. Giles C.R., Desurvire E., Simpson J. Transient gain and cross talk in erbium-doped fiber amplifier. Opt. Lett. 1989, 14(16):880.
21. Gordon J.P., Mollenauer L.F. Phase noise in photonic communications systems using linear amplifiers. Opt. Lett. 1990, 15(23):1351.
22. Gordon J.P., Mollenauer L.F. Effects on fiber nonlinearities and amplifier spacing on ultra-long distance transmission. J. Lightwave Commun. 1991, 9(2):170.
23. Humblet P.A., Azizoglu M. On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers. J. Lightwave Tech. 1991, 9:1576.
24. Imai, T., M. Murakami, Y. Fukada, M. Aiki, and T. Ito. 1992. Over 10,000 km straight line transmission system experiment at 2.5 Gb/s using in-line optical amplifiers. In Optical amplifiers and their applications topical meeting, Santa Fe, NM. Postdeadline paper PD12, PD-12.
25. Jensen, R. A., C. R. Davidson, D. L. Wilson, and J. K. Lyons. 1994. Novel technique for monitoring long-haul undersea optical-amplifier systems. In Optical Fiber Communications Conference, San Jose, CA. Paper ThR3.
26. Jensen, R. A., D. G. Duff, J. J. Risko, and C. R. Davidson. 1995. Possibility for upgrade of the first installed optical amplifier system. In Topical meeting on optical amplifiers and their applications, Davos, Switzerland. Paper ThB2, 9.
27. Kaiser P., Keck D.B. Fiber types and their status. Optical fiber telecommunications II 1988, 29-51. Academic Press, Boston. S.E. Miller, I.P. Kaminow (Eds.).
28. Kawai S., Iwatsuki K., Suzuki K., Nishi S., Saruwatari M., Sato K., Wakita K. 10 Gbit/s optical soliton transmission over 7200 km by using a monolithically integrated MQW-DFB-LD/MQW-EA modulator light source. Electron. Lett. 1994, 30(3):251.
29. Kliger D.S., Lewis J.W., Randall C.E. Polarized light in optics and spectroscopy. 1990, Academic Press, New York.
30. Kodama Y., Hasegawa A. Generation of asymptotically stable optical solitons and suppression of the Gordon-Haus effect. Opt. Lett. 1992, 17:31.
31. Li T. The impact of optical amplifiers on long-distance lightwave telecommunications. Proc. IEEE 1993, 18(11):1568.
32. Lichtman E. Optimal amplifier spacing in ultra-long lightwave systems. Electron. Lett. 1993, 29:2058.
33. Lichtman E. Performance degradation due to polarization dependent gain and loss in lightwave systems with optical amplifiers. Electron. Lett. 1993, 29(22):1971.
34. Lichtman E. Limitations imposed by polarization-dependent gain and loss on all-optical ultra-long communication systems. J. Lightwave Tech. 1995, 13(5).
35. Malyon D., Widdowson T., Bryant E.G., Carter S.F., Wright J.V., Stallard W.A. Demonstration of optical pulse propagation over 10,000 km of fiber using recirculating loop. Electron. Lett. 1991, 27(2):120.
36. Marcuse D. Derivation of analytical expressions for the bit-error probability in lightwave systems with optical amplifiers. J. Lightwave Tech. 1990, 8:1816.
37. Marcuse D., Chraplyvy A.R., Tkach R.W. Effects of fiber nonlinearity on long-distance transmission. J. Lightwave Tech. 1991, 9(1):121.
38. Mazurczyk, V. J., and D. G. Duff. 1995. Effect of intersymbol interference on signal-to-noise measurements. In OFC '95, San Diego, CA. Paper WQ1, 188.
39. Mazurczyk, V. J., and J. L. Zyskind. 1993. Polarization hole burning in erbium doped fiber amplifiers. CLEO '93, Baltimore. Postdeadline paper CPD26.
40. Mecozzi A., Moores J.D., Haus H.A., Lai Y. Soliton transmission control. Opt. Lett. 1991, 16:1841.
41. Mollenauer L.F., Gordon J.P., Evangelides S.G. The sliding-frequency guiding filter: An improved form of soliton jitter control. Opt. Lett. 1992, 17:1575-1577.
42. Mollenauer L.F., Neubelt M.J., Haner M., Lichtman E., Evangelides S.G., Nyman B.M. Demonstration of error-free soliton transmission at 2.5 Gb/s over more than 14,000 km. Electron. Lett. 1991, 27(22):2055.
43. Mollenauer L.F., Smith K. Demonstration of soliton transmission over more than 4000 km in fiber with loss periodically compensated by Raman gain. Opt. Lett. 1988, 13(8):675.
44. Personick S.D. Receiver design for digital fiber optic communications systems. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 1973, 52(6).
45. Runge P.K., Trischitta P.R. The SL undersea lightwave system. Undersea lightwave communications 1986, IEEE Press, New York.
46. Schesser J., Abbott S.M., Easton R.L., Stix M.S. Design requirements for the current generation of undersea cable systems. AT&T Tech. J. 1995, 74(1):16.
47. Taga, H., M. Suzuki, Y. Yoshida, H. Tanaka, S. Yamamoto, and H. Wakabayashi. 1991. 2.5 Gb/s optical transmission using electroabsorption modulator over 11,000 km EDFA systems. In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Paper CPDP38. Technical Digest. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America.
48. Tanifuji T., Ikeda M. Pulse circulation measurement of transmission characteristics in long optical fibers. Appl. Opt. 1977, 16(8):2175.
49. Taylor, M. G. 1993. Observation of new polarization dependence effect in long haul optically amplified system. In OFC '93, San Jose, CA. Post deadline paper PD5.
50. Taylor M.G. Improvement in Q with low frequency polarization modulation on transoceanic EDFA link. IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 1994, 6(7):860.
51. Taylor M.G., Penticost S.J. Improvement in performance of long haul EDFA link using high frequency polarization modulation. Electron. Lett. 1994, 30(10):805.
52. Thiennot J., Pirtio F., Thomine J.B. Optical undersea cable systems trends. Proc. IEEE 1993, 81(11):1610.
53. Trishitta P.R., Colas M., Green M., Wuzniak G., Arena J. The TAT-12/13 cable network. IEEE Communications Magazine. 1996, 34(2):24.
54. Trischitta P.R., Marra W.C. Global undersea communications networks. IEEE Communications Magazine. 1996, 34(2).
55. Trischitta P.R., Sannuti P., Chamzas C. A circulating loop experimental technique to simulate the jitter accumulation of a chain of fiber optic regenerators. IEEE Trans. Commun. 1988, COM-36:2.
56. Vengsarkar, A. M., P. J. Lemaire, G. Jacobovitz, J. J. Veselka, V. Bhatia, and J. B. Judkins. 1995. Long-period fiber gratings as gain-flattening and laser stabilizing devices. In Proceedings of the IOOC '95 vol. 5, 3-4. Hong Kong.
57. Vengsarkar, A. M., P. J. Lemaire, J. B. Judkins, J. E. Sipe, and T. Erdogan. 1995. Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters. In OFC '95, San Diego, CA. Paper PD4.
58. Widdowson T., Malyon D.J. Error ratio measurements over transoceanic distances using recirculating loop. Electron. Lett. 1991, 27(24):2201.
59. Yamamoto S., Edagawa N., Taga H., Yoshida Y., Wakabayashi H. Observation of BER degradation due to fading in long-distance optical amplifier system. Electron. Lett. 1993, 29(2):209.