Can the "elements of crimes" narrow or broaden responsibility for criminal behaviour defined in the Rome Statute?

Legal Aspects of International Organization

Volumn 48, Issue , 2009, Pages 381-400

  Triffterer, Otto ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

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EID: 84940655041     PISSN: 09244883     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. For some of the issues presented here, I refer to my former publications, in particular 'Command Responsibility, Grundstrukturen und Anwendungsbereiche von Art. 28 des Rom Statutes. Eignung, auch zur Bekämpfung des Internationalen Terrorismus?', in C. Prittwitz et al. (eds.), Festschrift für Klaus Lüderssen zum 70. Geburtstag am 2. Mai 2002 (2002);
2. Kriminalpolitische und Dogmatische Überlegungen zum Entwurf Gleichlautender "Elements of Crimes" für alle Tatbestände des Völkermordes', in B. Schünemann et al. (eds.), Festschrift für Claus Roxin zum 70. Geburtstag am 15. Mai 2001 (2001);
3. 'Ius in bello: Eskalation durch "Kollateralschäden" wie durch Kriegsverbrechen? Anmerkungen zu dem Bewaffneten Konflikt Zwischen Israel und der Libanesischen Hizbullah Miliz', in R. Moos et al. (eds.), Festschrift für Roland Miklau zum 65. Geburtstag (2006);
4. 'Command Responsibility - crimen sui generis or participation as "otherwise provided" in Article 28 Rome Statute?', in J. Arnold et al. (eds.), Festschrift für Albin Eser zum 70. Geburtstag (2005);
5. 'Command Responsibility, Article 28 Rome Statute, an Extension of Individual Criminal Responsibility for Crimes Within the Jurisdiction of the Court - Compatible with Article 22, nullum crimen sine lege?' in O. Triffterer (ed.), Gedächtnisschrift für Theo Vogler (2004);
6. 'The new International Criminal Law - Its General Principles Establishing Individual Criminal Responsibility', (2001) 32 Thesaurus Acroasium (Schriftenreihe Thessaloniki)
7. 'The Object of Review Mechanisms: Statutes' Provisions, Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence' in R. Bellelli (ed.), Conference on International Criminal Justice, Turin, 14-18 May 2007 (2008).
8. For the various types of modalities, see for instance O. Triffterer, Österreichisches Strafrecht: Allgemeiner Teil, 2nd ed. (1994), 61, tablet no. 3b therein; for explanations to the different types of definitions see chapter 3 II. 1. a) bb), margin no. 82.
9. The title quoted here is used for the corresponding Elements of Crimes, reprinted in Annex II, in O. Triffterer (ed.), Commentary on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court - Observers' Notes, Article by Article, 1st ed. (1999); 2nd ed. forthcoming in Mai 2008).
10. Element no. 1, see for the Elements of Crimes http://www.icc-cpi.int/library/about/officialjournal/Element-of-Crimes-English.pdf (16.04. 2008)
11. and Annex II, in O. Triffterer (ed.), Commentary, supra note 4. Emphasis added.
12. For detailed documentation of the historical development, including the here following information, see E. Gadirov, Article 9 margin no. 1 et seq., in O. Triffterer (ed.), Commentary, 1st ed., (1999), completely reprinted and revised by R. S. Clark in the 2nd ed. (2008), supra note 4.
13. See for instance W. A. Schabas, Genocide in International Law: The Crimes of Crimes (2000).
14. See http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/racism/DurbanReview/index.htm (16.04. 2008).
15. For this aspect, see O. Triffterer, in 32 Thesaurus Acroasium (Schriftenreihe Thessaloniki), supra note 1, at 639 et seq.
16. For further information especially the Report of the Preparatory Commission for the Assembly of States Parties see http://untreaty.un.org/cod/icc/asp/first.htm (16.04. 2008).
17. See O. Triffterer, 'Genocide, its Particular Intent to Destroy in Whole or in Part the Group as Such', (2001) 14 Leiden Journal of International Law 399.
18. See also J. Trahan, 'Why the Killing in Darfur Is Genocide?', (2008) 31 Fordham International Law Journal 390 et seq.
19. See O. Triffterer, Österreichisches Strafrecht, supra note 2, in particular at 386 et seq..
20. See for instance O. Triffterer, Österreichisches Strafrecht, supra note 3, at 386 et seq.
21. See K. Schmoller, Alternative Tatsachenaufklärung im Strafrecht: Wahlfeststellungen, Stufenverhältnisse, "Freispruch Zweiter Klasse" (1986).
22. See O. Triffterer, 'Ius in bello: Eskalation durch "Kollateralschäden" oder Kriegsverbrechen und ihre Beweisbarkeit und Vermeidbarkeit, Anmerkungen zu dem Bewaffneten Konflikt zwischen Israel und der Libanesischen Hizbullah Miliz' in R. Moos (ed.), Strafprozessrecht im Wandel: Festschrift für Roland Miklau zum 65. Geburtstag (2006), at 557 et seq.
23. For the First Report to the General Assembly see http://www.un.org/icty/rappannue/1994/AR94e.pdf (24.04. 2008).
24. See http://www.un.org/depts/german/sr/sr-93u94/sr827.html (24.04. 2008).
25. For pending cases before the ICTY see www.un.org/icty/cases-e/index-e.htm (24.04. 2008).