A study of the demographics of web-based health-related social media users

Journal of Medical Internet Research

Volumn 17, Issue 8, 2015, Pages

  Sadah, Shouq A ^a   Shahbazi, Moloud ^a   Wiley, Matthew T ^a,b   Hristidis, Vagelis ^a  

^a University of California Riverside   (United States)

^b SmartDocFinder LLC   (United States)

Author keywords

Demographics; Drug reviews; Health care disparity; Health forums; Online social media

Indexed keywords

AGED; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE DISPARITY; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL MEDIA; SOCIAL NETWORK; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA;

AGED; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; SOCIAL MEDIA; SOCIAL NETWORKING;

EID: 84940642407     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14388871     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4308     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. ECRI. 2011. Social media in healthcare URL: http://kcmsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/ECRI-social-media.pdf [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W1rk2Yt2]
2. Giving benefits the YouTube treatment - workplace benefits association. 2008. URL: http://www.workplacebenefits.org/news/giving-benefits-youtube-treatment-711171-1.html [accessed 2015-01-31] [WebCite Cache ID 6Vyr2D7tA]
3. Health Disparities. URL: http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Data-and-Systems/Health-Disparities.html [WebCite Cache ID 6W1rr2Maq]
4. Frieden TR, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Forward: CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report - United States, 2011. MMWR Surveill Summ 2011 Jan 14;60 Suppl:1-2 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 21430612]
5. Gibbons MC, Fleisher L, Slamon RE, Bass S, Kandadai V, Beck JR. Exploring the potential of Web 2.0 to address health disparities. J Health Commun 2011;16 Suppl 1:77-89. [doi: 10.1080/10810730.2011.596916] [Medline: 21843097]
6. Kane GC, Fichman RG, Gallaugher J, Glaser J. Community relations 2.0. Harv Bus Rev 2009 Nov;87(11):45-50, 132. [Medline: 19891388]
7. Hackworth B, Kunz M. Health care and social media: building relationships via social networks. Acad Heal Care J 2010;6(1):55-69 [FREE Full text] [WebCite Cache]
8. Denecke K, Nejdl W. How valuable is medical social media data? Content analysis of the medical web. Information Sciences 2009 May 30;179(12):1870-1880. [doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2009.01.025]
9. Lu Y, Zhang P, Liu J, Li J, Deng S. Health-related hot topic detection in online communities using text clustering. PLoS One 2013;8(2):e56221 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056221] [Medline: 23457530]
10. Wiley MT, Jin C, Hristidis V, Esterling KM. Pharmaceutical drugs chatter on Online Social Networks. J Biomed Inform 2014 Jun;49:245-254 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2014.03.006] [Medline: 24637141]
11. Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project. Social Networking Fact Sheet URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/social-networking-fact-sheet/ [WebCite Cache ID 6W22L3O2w]
12. eMarketer. 2013. Health care and social media: bulding relationships via social networks URL: http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Hispanic-Shoppers-Bring-Social-Mobile-Habits-Grocery-Aisle/1009839 [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W21kTHSr]
13. Mislove A, Lehmann S, Ahn Y. AAAI. 2011. Understanding the demographics of Twitter users URL: http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/amislove/publications/Twitter-ICWSM.pdf [accessed 2015-06-14] [WebCite Cache ID 6ZHoYQIfV]
14. Mandel B, Culotta A, Boulahanis J. A demographic analysis of online sentiment during hurricane irene. Language in Social Media 2012:27-36 [FREE Full text] [WebCite Cache]
15. Harvard. The literacy problem. URL: http://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/135/2012/09/doakchap1-4.pdf [accessed 2015-06-14] [WebCite Cache ID 6ZHoudAjI]
16. Twitter, Inc. URL: https://twitter.com/ [accessed 2015-08-01] [WebCite Cache ID 6aTENJsel]
17. Google+. URL: https://accounts.google.com/ServiceLogin?service=oz&passive=1209600&continue=https://plus.google.com/?gpsrc%3Dgplp0 [accessed 2015-08-01] [WebCite Cache ID 6aTEQOvFn]
18. Drugs.com. Prescription Drug Information, Interactions & Side Effects URL: http://www.drugs.com/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W23lHwlt]
19. DailyStrength. Treatments: reviews of drugs, therapies and remedies by everyday people URL: http://www.dailystrength.org/treatments [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W23nXoJa]
20. WebMD Drugs & Treatments - Medical Information and user ratings on prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. URL: http://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspx [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W23rKUfB]
21. Drugs.com. Medical Questions Answered URL: http://www.drugs.com/answers/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W23vDAi5]
22. DailyStrength. Online Support Groups URL: http://www.dailystrength.org/support-groups [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W23ztpRe]
23. WebMD - Better information. Better health URL: http://www.webmd.com/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W247u0HQ]
24. The Flesch grade level readability formula. URL: http://www.readabilityformulas.com/flesch-grade-level-readability-formula. php [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W22mEB3h]
25. RxList - The Internet Drug Index for prescription drugs, medications and pill. URL: http://www.rxlist.com/script/main/hp. asp [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W24Layfl]
26. The Streaming APIs | Twitter Developers. URL: https://dev.twitter.com/streaming/overview [accessed 2015-06-14] [WebCite Cache ID 6ZHpD7gjO]
27. Google+ API - Google+ Platform - Google Developers. URL: https://developers.google.com/+/api/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W24x2YYc]
28. jsoup Java HTML Parser, with best of DOM, CSS, and jquery. URL: http://jsoup.org/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2528eFu]
29. Top names over the last 100 years. URL: http://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/decades/century.html [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W25cpwBx]
30. U.S. Census Bureau Demographic Internet Staff. 2012. Age and sex composition in the United States URL: https://www.census.gov/population/age/data/2012comp.html [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W25iCZh0]
31. U.S. Census Bureau Demographic Internet Staff. 2012. Computer and internet access in the United States URL: https://www.census.gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012.html [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W271RtOB]
32. US Census Bureau Data Integration Division. Genealogy Data - Frequently occurring surnames from Census 2000 - US Census Bureau URL: http://www.census.gov/topics/population/genealogy/data/2000-surnames.html [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W27P3i6N]
33. Smith C. User demographics of the major social networks. 2012. URL: http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/user-demographics-of-the-major-social-networks-infographic/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W27uwrNE]
34. April 2011: The Days of Double-Digit Growth in Social Network Users Are Over. URL: http://www.iab.net/research/industry-data-and-landscape/1675/1644724 [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W284mBJz]
35. Finn G. Behind The Numbers Of Google+'s Monumental Rise To 25 Million Visitors. 2011. URL: http://searchengineland.com/behind-the-numbers-of-googles-monumental-rise-to-25-million-unique-visitor-88076 [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W28agd5M]
36. Ashley J. BBC News - Women more likely to report ill health than men. 2010. URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8588686.stm [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W28nDUGK]
37. Kwak H, Lee C, Park H, Moon S. What is Twitter, a Social Network or a News Media? ACM 2010 Apr:591-600 [FREE Full text] [WebCite Cache]
38. The comprehensive resource for Google+ trends and statistics. URL: http://www.gplusdata.com/users/sign-in [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W29H2CHP]
39. Gu Q, Dillon CF, Burt VL. Prescription drug use continues to increase: U.S. prescription drug data for 2007-2008. NCHS Data Brief 2010 Sep(42):1-8 [FREE Full text] [Medline: 20854747]
40. US Census Bureau. 2012. Statistical abstract of the United States - Section 1 URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/12statab/pop.pdf [accessed 2015-02-01] [WebCite Cache ID 6W29OSGmX]
41. Bennett S. Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn: age, ethnicity and gender of the major social networks. 2011. URL: http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/pew-social-network-age-ethnicity-gender/453165?red=at [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2A8l2Cu]
42. Young A, Chaudhry H, Thomas JV, Dugan M. A census of actively licensed physicians in the United States. J Med Regul 2012;99:11-24 [FREE Full text] [WebCite Cache]
43. Denavas-walt B, Proctor B, Smith J. US Census Bureau, Current Population Reports. Washington, DC; 2013. Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p60-245.pdf [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2D1eglk]
44. US Census Bureau Data Integration Division. Income URL: http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/statemedian/ [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2D9aO6n]
45. US Census Bureau. 2012. Statistical abstract of the United States - Section 4 URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/12statab/educ.pdf [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2DHYzQJ]
46. Cooper CP, Gelb CA, Rim SH, Hawkins NA, Rodriguez JL, Polonec L. Physicians who use social media and other internet-based communication technologies. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2012;19(6):960-964 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000628] [Medline: 22634078]
47. Hampton KN, Goulet LS, Rainie L, Purcell K. Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project. 2011 Jun 16. Social networking sites and our lives URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/2011/06/16/social-networking-sites-and-our-lives/ [accessed 2015-08-01] [WebCite Cache ID 6aTEsGHIL]
48. Wicks P, Keininger DL, Massagli MP, de la Loge C, Brownstein C, Isojärvi J, et al. Perceived benefits of sharing health data between people with epilepsy on an online platform. Epilepsy Behav 2012 Jan;23(1):16-23 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.09.026] [Medline: 22099528]
49. Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality (AHRQ). 2014. Disparities in healthcare quality among racial and ethnic minority groups URL: http://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhqrdr10/minority.html [accessed 2015-06-14] [WebCite Cache ID 6ZHq5iyFV]
50. Mendes E. Gallup poll. 2010. In US, health disparities across incomes are wide-ranging URL: http://www.gallup.com/poll/143696/health-disparities-across-incomes-wide-ranging.aspx [accessed 2015-02-02] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2E9gDMj]
51. Adler N, Newman K. Socioeconomic Disparities In Health: Pathways And Policies. Health Affairs 2002 Mar 01;21(2):60-76 [FREE Full text] [doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.60]
52. Madden M. Pew Research Center. 2013. Technology use by different income groups URL: http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/05/29/technology-use-by-different-income-groups/ [accessed 2015-06-14] [WebCite Cache ID 6ZHs8GsTY]
53. Ryan C. US Census Bureau. 2013. Language Use in the United States URL: http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf [accessed 2015-02-01] [WebCite Cache ID 6W2EHGxIj]