메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue , 2015, Pages 61-76

The significance of different health institutions and their respective contributions of active pharmaceutical ingredients to wastewater

Author keywords

Neurological drug; Nursing home; Pharmaceutical contribution; Psychiatric hospital; Wastewater concentration

Indexed keywords

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACES (API); EFFLUENTS; NEUROLOGY; NURSING;

EID: 84940472147     PISSN: 01604120     EISSN: 18736750     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.07.020     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 84865828847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring release of pharmaceutical compounds: occurrence and environmental risk assessment of two WWTP effluents and their receiving bodies in the Po Valley, Italy
    • Al Aukidy M., Verlicchi P., Jelic A., Petrovic M., Barcelò D. Monitoring release of pharmaceutical compounds: occurrence and environmental risk assessment of two WWTP effluents and their receiving bodies in the Po Valley, Italy. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 438:15-25.
    • (2012) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.438 , pp. 15-25
    • Al Aukidy, M.1    Verlicchi, P.2    Jelic, A.3    Petrovic, M.4    Barcelò, D.5
  • 2
    • 84940489233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015)
    • AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals Seroquel FDA Approved Label [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015). http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/020639s061lbl.pdf.
    • Seroquel FDA Approved Label
  • 3
    • 79251498016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas
    • Beier S., Cramer C., Köster S., Mauer C., Palmowski L., Schröder H.F., Pinnekamp J. Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas. Water Sci. Technol. 2011, 63:66-71.
    • (2011) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.63 , pp. 66-71
    • Beier, S.1    Cramer, C.2    Köster, S.3    Mauer, C.4    Palmowski, L.5    Schröder, H.F.6    Pinnekamp, J.7
  • 5
    • 79952899651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace-level analysis of organic contaminants in drinking waters and groundwaters
    • Capdeville M., Budzinski H. Trace-level analysis of organic contaminants in drinking waters and groundwaters. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2011, 30:586-606.
    • (2011) TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. , vol.30 , pp. 586-606
    • Capdeville, M.1    Budzinski, H.2
  • 6
    • 84882271924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015, [in German])
    • Cheplapharm Arzneimittel GmbH Aponal 100 Summary of Product Characteristics, [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015, [in German]). http://www.fachinfo.de.
    • Aponal 100 Summary of Product Characteristics,
  • 7
    • 67349256707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discharge of pharmaceutical products (PPs) through a conventional biological sewage treatment plant: MECs vs PECs?
    • Coetsier C., Spinelli S., Lin L., Roig B., Touraud E. Discharge of pharmaceutical products (PPs) through a conventional biological sewage treatment plant: MECs vs PECs?. Environ. Int. 2009, 35:787-792.
    • (2009) Environ. Int. , vol.35 , pp. 787-792
    • Coetsier, C.1    Spinelli, S.2    Lin, L.3    Roig, B.4    Touraud, E.5
  • 9
    • 78649652503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental toxicology and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater
    • Escher B.I., Baumgartner R., Koller M., Treyer K., Lienert J., McArdell C.S. Environmental toxicology and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals from hospital wastewater. Water Res. 2011, 45:75-92.
    • (2011) Water Res. , vol.45 , pp. 75-92
    • Escher, B.I.1    Baumgartner, R.2    Koller, M.3    Treyer, K.4    Lienert, J.5    McArdell, C.S.6
  • 10
    • 84940555918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German])
    • Federal Health Report Germany Hospitals, rehab clinics and hospitalization: classification: Germany, types of facilities [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]). https://www.gbe-bund.de/oowa921-install/servlet/oowa/aw92/WS0100/_XWD_FORMPROC?TARGET=&PAGE=_XWD_108&OPINDEX=1&HANDLER=_XWD_CUBE.SETPGS&DATACUBE=_XWD_136&D.000=3734.
    • Hospitals, rehab clinics and hospitalization: classification: Germany, types of facilities
  • 11
    • 84940554567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People in need of long-term care: classification: year, region, age, sex, long-term care level, type of care [internet document]
    • (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]).
    • Federal Health Report Germany, 2014b. People in need of long-term care: classification: year, region, age, sex, long-term care level, type of care [internet document], https://www.gbe-bund.de/oowa921-install/servlet/oowa/aw92/dboowasys921.xwdevkit/xwd_init?gbe.isgbetol/xs_start_neu/&p_aid=i&p_aid=4717275&nummer=834&p_sprache=D&p_indsp=-&p_aid=10150559 (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]).
    • (2014)
  • 12
    • 84940532247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German])
    • Federal Health Report Germany General hospitals: hospital statistics according to DESTATIS [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]). http://www.gbe-bund.de/gbe10/abrechnung.prc_abr_test_logon?p_uid=gasts&p_aid=&p_knoten=FID&p_sprache=D&p_suchstring=2034:Krankenhausbedarfsplan.
    • General hospitals: hospital statistics according to DESTATIS
  • 13
    • 84940532247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German])
    • Federal Health Report Germany Other hospitals: hospital statistics according to DESTATIS [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]). http://www.gbe-bund.de/gbe10/abrechnung.prc_abr_test_logon?p_uid=gastg&p_aid=&p_knoten=FID&p_sprache=D&p_suchstring=9565:Krankenh%E4user,%20Krankenhaus.
    • Other hospitals: hospital statistics according to DESTATIS
  • 14
  • 15
    • 84940503781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed June 30, 2015, [in German])
    • Federal Ministry of Health Statutory health insurance - yearly average 2011: members and insured relatives (accessed June 30, 2015, [in German]). https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/fileadmin/dateien/Downloads/Statistiken/GKV/Mitglieder__Versicherte/KM1_Jahresdurchschnitt_2011.pdf.
    • Statutory health insurance - yearly average 2011: members and insured relatives
  • 18
    • 84940495819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German])
    • Federal Statistical Office DESTATIS State & Society - population based on census 2011 [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]). https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesellschaftStaat/Bevoelkerung/Bevoelkerungsstand/Tabellen/Zensus_Geschlecht_Staatsangehoerigkeit.html.
    • State & Society - population based on census 2011
  • 19
    • 84940492637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German])
    • Federal Statistical Office DESTATIS Selected socio-demographic data (employment, education, migration background, religion): Zensus 2011 [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015, [in German]). https://www.destatis.de/DE/PresseService/Presse/Pressekonferenzen/2013/Zensus2011/soziodemo_excel.xls;jsessionid=E4968163276567EFF6941E2D2A861C45.cae4?__blob=publicationFile.
    • Selected socio-demographic data (employment, education, migration background, religion): Zensus 2011
  • 20
    • 84940494018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 17, 2015)
    • Federal Statistical Office DESTATIS Water management: water supply from 1991 to 2010 [internet document], (accessed June 17, 2015). https://www.destatis.de/DE/ZahlenFakten/GesamtwirtschaftUmwelt/Umwelt/UmweltstatistischeErhebungen/Wasserwirtschaft/Tabellen/Wasserabgabe1991_2010.html.
    • Water management: water supply from 1991 to 2010
  • 21
    • 79953758678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of micropollutant tracers. II. Carbamazepine tracer for wastewater contamination from a nearby water recharge system and from non-specific sources
    • Gasser G., Rona M., Voloshenko A., Shelkov R., Lev O., Elhanany S., et al. Evaluation of micropollutant tracers. II. Carbamazepine tracer for wastewater contamination from a nearby water recharge system and from non-specific sources. Desalination 2011, 273:398-404.
    • (2011) Desalination , vol.273 , pp. 398-404
    • Gasser, G.1    Rona, M.2    Voloshenko, A.3    Shelkov, R.4    Lev, O.5    Elhanany, S.6
  • 22
    • 33646075711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of pharmaceuticals of various therapeutic classes by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis in hospital effluent wastewaters
    • Gómez M.J., Petrović M., Fernández-Alba A.R., Barceló D. Determination of pharmaceuticals of various therapeutic classes by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis in hospital effluent wastewaters. J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1114:224-233.
    • (2006) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1114 , pp. 224-233
    • Gómez, M.J.1    Petrović, M.2    Fernández-Alba, A.R.3    Barceló, D.4
  • 25
    • 30644470396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutropenia, agranulocytosis and dipyrone
    • Hamerschlak N., Cavalcanti A.B. Neutropenia, agranulocytosis and dipyrone. Sao Paulo Med. J. 2005, 123:247-249.
    • (2005) Sao Paulo Med. J. , vol.123 , pp. 247-249
    • Hamerschlak, N.1    Cavalcanti, A.B.2
  • 26
    • 20444507475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of effluents from hospitals and private households to the total loads of diclofenac and carbamazepine in municipal sewage effluents-modeling versus measurements
    • Heberer T., Feldmann D. Contribution of effluents from hospitals and private households to the total loads of diclofenac and carbamazepine in municipal sewage effluents-modeling versus measurements. J. Hazard. Mater. 2005, 122:211-218.
    • (2005) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.122 , pp. 211-218
    • Heberer, T.1    Feldmann, D.2
  • 27
    • 0036020413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone (metamizole)
    • Hedenmalm K., Spigset O. Agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone (metamizole). Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2002, 58:265-274.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.58 , pp. 265-274
    • Hedenmalm, K.1    Spigset, O.2
  • 29
    • 84901798314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between psychosocial risk factors and cause-specific long-term sickness absence
    • Janssens H., Clays E., de Clercq B., Casini A., de Bacquer D., Kittel F., et al. The relation between psychosocial risk factors and cause-specific long-term sickness absence. Eur. J. Pub. Health 2014, 24:428-433.
    • (2014) Eur. J. Pub. Health , vol.24 , pp. 428-433
    • Janssens, H.1    Clays, E.2    de Clercq, B.3    Casini, A.4    de Bacquer, D.5    Kittel, F.6
  • 30
    • 48749124783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the concentrations of polar organic microcontaminants from point sources in the aquatic environment: measure or model?
    • Johnson A.C., Ternes T., Williams R.J., Sumpter J.P. Assessing the concentrations of polar organic microcontaminants from point sources in the aquatic environment: measure or model?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42:5390-5399.
    • (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.42 , pp. 5390-5399
    • Johnson, A.C.1    Ternes, T.2    Williams, R.J.3    Sumpter, J.P.4
  • 31
    • 84873933711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Method validation and reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and alkylphenols in surface waters, sediments, and mussels in an urban estuary
    • Klosterhaus S.L., Grace R., Hamilton M.C., Yee D. Method validation and reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and alkylphenols in surface waters, sediments, and mussels in an urban estuary. Environ. Int. 2013, 54:92-99.
    • (2013) Environ. Int. , vol.54 , pp. 92-99
    • Klosterhaus, S.L.1    Grace, R.2    Hamilton, M.C.3    Yee, D.4
  • 32
    • 0038621137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent
    • Kümmerer K., Henninger A. Promoting resistance by the emission of antibiotics from hospitals and households into effluent. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2003, 9:1203-1214.
    • (2003) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.9 , pp. 1203-1214
    • Kümmerer, K.1    Henninger, A.2
  • 33
    • 72949088369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging, mental health, and demographic change: challenges for psychotherapists
    • Laidlaw K., Pachana N.A. Aging, mental health, and demographic change: challenges for psychotherapists. Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract. 2009, 40:601-608.
    • (2009) Prof. Psychol. Res. Pract. , vol.40 , pp. 601-608
    • Laidlaw, K.1    Pachana, N.A.2
  • 34
    • 67349240435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in hospital effluents and their contribution to wastewater treatment works
    • Langford K.H., Thomas K.V. Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in hospital effluents and their contribution to wastewater treatment works. Environ. Int. 2009, 35:766-770.
    • (2009) Environ. Int. , vol.35 , pp. 766-770
    • Langford, K.H.1    Thomas, K.V.2
  • 35
    • 84860658168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption-based approach for assessing the contribution of hospitals towards the load of pharmaceutical residues in municipal wastewater
    • Le Corre K.S., Ort C., Kateley D., Allen B., Escher B.I., Keller J. Consumption-based approach for assessing the contribution of hospitals towards the load of pharmaceutical residues in municipal wastewater. Environ. Int. 2012, 45:99-111.
    • (2012) Environ. Int. , vol.45 , pp. 99-111
    • Le Corre, K.S.1    Ort, C.2    Kateley, D.3    Allen, B.4    Escher, B.I.5    Keller, J.6
  • 36
    • 33645455293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of measured and predicted environmental concentrations of selected human pharmaceuticals and personal care products
    • Liebig M., Moltmann J.F., Knacker T. Evaluation of measured and predicted environmental concentrations of selected human pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2006, 13:110-119.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. , vol.13 , pp. 110-119
    • Liebig, M.1    Moltmann, J.F.2    Knacker, T.3
  • 37
    • 0141633955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Hospital Data Project: comparing hospital activity within Europe
    • Magee H.F. The Hospital Data Project: comparing hospital activity within Europe. Eur. J. Pub. Health 2003, 13:73-79.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Pub. Health , vol.13 , pp. 73-79
    • Magee, H.F.1
  • 38
    • 58149467674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photodegradation of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in fresh and seawater
    • Matamoros V., Duhec A., Albaiges J., Bayona J.M. Photodegradation of carbamazepine, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in fresh and seawater. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2009, 196:161-168.
    • (2009) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.196 , pp. 161-168
    • Matamoros, V.1    Duhec, A.2    Albaiges, J.3    Bayona, J.M.4
  • 39
    • 77955688048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in the Vidy Bay of Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Part II: micropollutant removal between wastewater and raw drinking water
    • Morasch B., Bonvin F., Reiser H., Grandjean D., de Alencastro, Felippe L., Perazzolo C., et al. Occurrence and fate of micropollutants in the Vidy Bay of Lake Geneva, Switzerland. Part II: micropollutant removal between wastewater and raw drinking water. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010, 29:1658-1668.
    • (2010) Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 1658-1668
    • Morasch, B.1    Bonvin, F.2    Reiser, H.3    Grandjean, D.4    de Alencastro, F.L.5    Perazzolo, C.6
  • 40
    • 0029619580 scopus 로고
    • The management of alcohol withdrawal using chlormethiazole
    • Morgan M.Y. The management of alcohol withdrawal using chlormethiazole. Alcohol Alcohol. 1995, 30:771-774.
    • (1995) Alcohol Alcohol. , vol.30 , pp. 771-774
    • Morgan, M.Y.1
  • 41
    • 78751547466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of hospital wastewater pollution by pharmaceuticals: first results of Mediflux study carried out in three French hospitals
    • Mullot J., Karolak S., Fontova A., Levi Y. Modeling of hospital wastewater pollution by pharmaceuticals: first results of Mediflux study carried out in three French hospitals. Water Sci. Technol. 2010, 62:2912.
    • (2010) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.62 , pp. 2912
    • Mullot, J.1    Karolak, S.2    Fontova, A.3    Levi, Y.4
  • 42
    • 33846889562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments
    • Nikolaou A., Meric S., Fatta D. Occurrence patterns of pharmaceuticals in water and wastewater environments. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 387:1225-1234.
    • (2007) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.387 , pp. 1225-1234
    • Nikolaou, A.1    Meric, S.2    Fatta, D.3
  • 43
    • 84924674376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in hospital effluent and waste water influent/effluent by direct-injection LC-MS-MS
    • Oliveira T.S., Murphy M., Mendola N., Wong V., Carlson D., Waring L. Characterization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in hospital effluent and waste water influent/effluent by direct-injection LC-MS-MS. Sci. Total Environ. 2015, 518-519:459-478.
    • (2015) Sci. Total Environ. , pp. 459-478
    • Oliveira, T.S.1    Murphy, M.2    Mendola, N.3    Wong, V.4    Carlson, D.5    Waring, L.6
  • 44
    • 84858078307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products during laboratory soil aquifer treatment simulation with different primary substrate concentrations
    • Onesios K.M., Bouwer E.J. Biological removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products during laboratory soil aquifer treatment simulation with different primary substrate concentrations. Water Res. 2012, 46:2365-2375.
    • (2012) Water Res. , vol.46 , pp. 2365-2375
    • Onesios, K.M.1    Bouwer, E.J.2
  • 45
    • 75849121844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the fraction of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater originating from a hospital
    • Ort C., Lawrence M.G., Reungoat J., Eaglesham G., Carter S., Keller J. Determining the fraction of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater originating from a hospital. Water Res. 2010, 44(2):605-615.
    • (2010) Water Res. , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 605-615
    • Ort, C.1    Lawrence, M.G.2    Reungoat, J.3    Eaglesham, G.4    Carter, S.5    Keller, J.6
  • 46
    • 84872405335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption and occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the aquatic environment in Spain
    • Ortiz de García S., Pinto Pinto G., García Encina P., Irusta Mata R. Consumption and occurrence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in the aquatic environment in Spain. Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 444:451-465.
    • (2013) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.444 , pp. 451-465
    • Ortiz de García, S.1    Pinto Pinto, G.2    García Encina, P.3    Irusta Mata, R.4
  • 47
    • 84940530596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015)
    • Pfizer, Inc. Lyrica FDA Approved Label [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015). http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021446s029,022488s008lbl.pdf.
    • Lyrica FDA Approved Label
  • 48
    • 84940521884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015)
    • Pfizer, Inc. Neurontin FDA Approved Label [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015). http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020235s061,020882s044,021129s043lbl.pdf.
    • Neurontin FDA Approved Label
  • 50
    • 75849159626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of micropollutants and reduction of biological activity in a full scale reclamation plant using ozonation and activated carbon filtration
    • Reungoat J., Macova M., Escher B.I., Carswell S., Mueller J.F., Keller J. Removal of micropollutants and reduction of biological activity in a full scale reclamation plant using ozonation and activated carbon filtration. Water Res. 2010, 44:625-637.
    • (2010) Water Res. , vol.44 , pp. 625-637
    • Reungoat, J.1    Macova, M.2    Escher, B.I.3    Carswell, S.4    Mueller, J.F.5    Keller, J.6
  • 52
    • 55149095715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flows of active pharmaceutical ingredients originating from health care practices on a local, regional, and nationwide level in Germany-is hospital effluent treatment an effective approach for risk reduction?
    • Schuster A., Hädrich C., Kümmerer K. Flows of active pharmaceutical ingredients originating from health care practices on a local, regional, and nationwide level in Germany-is hospital effluent treatment an effective approach for risk reduction?. Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus 2008, 8:457-471.
    • (2008) Water Air Soil Pollut. Focus , vol.8 , pp. 457-471
    • Schuster, A.1    Hädrich, C.2    Kümmerer, K.3
  • 56
    • 84921689580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of north Indian cities and risk assessment
    • Singh K.P., Rai P., Singh A.K., Verma P., Gupta S. Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater of north Indian cities and risk assessment. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2014, 186:6663-6682.
    • (2014) Environ. Monit. Assess. , vol.186 , pp. 6663-6682
    • Singh, K.P.1    Rai, P.2    Singh, A.K.3    Verma, P.4    Gupta, S.5
  • 58
    • 84940566363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015)
    • UCB, Inc. Keppra FDA Approved Label [internet document], (accessed June 30, 2015). http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/021035s093,021505s033lbl.pdf.
    • Keppra FDA Approved Label
  • 60
    • 84862259475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in urban wastewater: removal, mass load and environmental risk after a secondary treatment-a review
    • Verlicchi P., Al Aukidy M., Zambello E. Occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in urban wastewater: removal, mass load and environmental risk after a secondary treatment-a review. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 429:123-155.
    • (2012) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.429 , pp. 123-155
    • Verlicchi, P.1    Al Aukidy, M.2    Zambello, E.3
  • 61
    • 84861332141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital effluent: investigation of the concentrations and distribution of pharmaceuticals and environmental risk assessment
    • Verlicchi P., Al Aukidy M., Galletti A., Petrovic M., Barceló D. Hospital effluent: investigation of the concentrations and distribution of pharmaceuticals and environmental risk assessment. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 430:109-118.
    • (2012) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.430 , pp. 109-118
    • Verlicchi, P.1    Al Aukidy, M.2    Galletti, A.3    Petrovic, M.4    Barceló, D.5
  • 62
    • 84887149392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of measured and predicted concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface water: a case study of a catchment area in the Po Valley (Italy)
    • Verlicchi P., Al Aukidy M., Jelic A., Petrović M., Barceló D. Comparison of measured and predicted concentrations of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater and surface water: a case study of a catchment area in the Po Valley (Italy). Sci. Total Environ. 2014, 470-471:844-854.
    • (2014) Sci. Total Environ. , pp. 844-854
    • Verlicchi, P.1    Al Aukidy, M.2    Jelic, A.3    Petrović, M.4    Barceló, D.5
  • 64
    • 84940505522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015)
    • WHOCC - structure and principles, WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015). http://www.whocc.no/atc/structure_and_principles/.
    • WHOCC - structure and principles,
  • 65
    • 84878932835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015)
    • WHOCC - definitions and general considerations, WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, [internet document], (accessed June 04, 2015). http://www.whocc.no/ddd/definition_and_general_considera/.
    • WHOCC - definitions and general considerations,
  • 67
    • 33750624076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and biodegradability studies of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage effluent
    • Yu J.T., Bouwer E.J., Coelhan M. Occurrence and biodegradability studies of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products in sewage effluent. Agric. Water Manag. 2006, 86:72-80.
    • (2006) Agric. Water Manag. , vol.86 , pp. 72-80
    • Yu, J.T.1    Bouwer, E.J.2    Coelhan, M.3
  • 68
    • 84862814443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of pharmaceuticals and antiseptics in water by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: analysis via pentafluorobenzylation and stable isotope dilution
    • Yu J.T., Bisceglia K.J., Bouwer E.J., Roberts A.L., Coelhan M. Determination of pharmaceuticals and antiseptics in water by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: analysis via pentafluorobenzylation and stable isotope dilution. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 403:583-591.
    • (2012) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.403 , pp. 583-591
    • Yu, J.T.1    Bisceglia, K.J.2    Bouwer, E.J.3    Roberts, A.L.4    Coelhan, M.5
  • 69
    • 84875776610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection, occurrence and fate of 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals in psychiatric hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China
    • Yuan S., Jiang X., Xia X., Zhang H., Zheng S. Detection, occurrence and fate of 22 psychiatric pharmaceuticals in psychiatric hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China. Chemosphere 2013, 90:2520-2525.
    • (2013) Chemosphere , vol.90 , pp. 2520-2525
    • Yuan, S.1    Jiang, X.2    Xia, X.3    Zhang, H.4    Zheng, S.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.