Which instruments to support diagnosis of depression have sufficient accuracy? A systematic review

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 69, Issue 7, 2015, Pages 497-508

  Pettersson, Agneta ^a   Boström, Kristina Bengtsson ^b,c   Gustavsson, Petter ^a   Ekselius, Lisa ^d  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^b RandD Centre Skaraborg Primary Care   (Sweden)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^d UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Depressive disorder; Diagnosis; Evidence; Interview; Meta analysis; Psychiatric status rating scales; Psychological standards; Questionnaires; Standards

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DSM-IV; HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE ASSESSMENT; MINI INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHIATRIC INTERVIEW; PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE 9; PRIMARY CARE EVALUATION OF MENTAL DISORDER; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STRUCTURED CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR DSM DISORDERS; STRUCTURED INTERVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PROCEDURES; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; STANDARDS;

DEPRESSION; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; HUMANS; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; ROC CURVE; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 84940427171     PISSN: 08039488     EISSN: 15024725     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1008568     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Smolders M, Laurant M, Verhaak P, Prins M, van Marwijk H, Penninx B, et al. Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for depression and anxiety disorders is associated with recording of the diagnosis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2009;31:460-9.
2. Spitzer RL. Psychiatric diagnosis: Are clinicians still necessary? Compr Psychiatry 1983;24:399-411.
3. Leckman JF, Sholomskas D, Thompson WD, Belanger A, Weissman MM. Best estimate of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis: A methodological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;39:879-83.
4. Mitchell AJ, Vaze A, Rao S. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: A meta-analysis. Lancet 2009;374:609-19.
5. Ramirez Basco M, Bostic JQ, Davies D, Rush AJ, Witte B, Hendrickse W, et al. Methods to improve diagnostic accuracy in a community mental health setting. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1599-605.
6. Miller PR, Dasher R, Collins R, Griffiths P, Brown F. Inpatient diagnostic assessments: 1. Accuracy of structured vs. unstructured interviews. Psychiatry Res 2001;105:255-64.
7. Taiminen T, Ranta K, Karlsson H, Lauerma H, Leinonen KM, Wallenius E, et al. Comparison of clinical and best-estimate research DSM-IV diagnoses in a Finnish sample of first-admission psychosis and severe affective disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2001;55:107-11.
8. Gilbody S, Sheldon T, House A. Screening and case-finding instruments for depression: A meta-analysis. CMAJ 2008;178:997-1003.
9. O'Connor EA, Whitlock EP, Beil TL, Gaynes BN. Screening for depression in adult patients in primary care settings: A systematic evidence review. Ann Internal Med 2009;151:793-803.
10. Knaup C, Koesters M, Schoefer D, Becker T, Puschner B. Effect of feedback of treatment outcome in specialist mental healthcare: Meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2009;195:15-22.
11. Shaw EJ, Sutcliffe D, Lacey T, Stokes T. Assessing depression severity using the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework depression indicators: A systematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2013;63:e309-17.
12. Gilbody S, Sheldon T, Wessely S. Should we screen for depression? BMJ 2006;332:1027-30.
13. Brennan C, Worrall-Davies A, McMillan D, Gilbody S, House A. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: A diagnostic meta-analysis of case-finding ability. J Psychosom Res 2010;69:371-8.
14. Meader N, Mitchell AJ, Chew-Graham C, Goldberg D, Rizzo M, Bird V, et al. Case identification of depression in patients with chronic physical health problems: A diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis of 113 studies. Br J Gen Pract 2011;61:e808-20.
15. Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): A meta-analysis. CMAJ 2012;184:E191-6.
16. Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Di Nisio M, Smidt N, van Rijn JC, Bossuyt PM. Evidence of bias and variation in diagnostic accuracy studies. CMAJ 2006;174:469-76.
17. Nuevo R, Dunn G, Dowrick C, Vazquez-Barquero JL, Casey P, Dalgard OS, et al. Cross-cultural equivalence of the Beck Depression Inventory: A five-country analysis from the ODIN study. J Affect Disord 2009;114:156-62.
18. Lesser IM. Cultural considerations using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III for mood and anxiety disorders assessment. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 1997;19:149-60.
19. Iwata N, Buka S. Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms: A cross-cultural/ethnic comparison among university students in East Asia, North and South America. Soc Sci Med 2002;55:2243-52.
20. SBU. Diagnostik och uppföljning av förstämningssyndrom: En systematisk litteraturöversikt. Report. Stockholm: Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering (SBU), 2012 212.
21. American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4 ed. Washington: American Psychiatry Press; 1995.
22. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Ann Internal Med 2009;151:264-9, W64.
23. Whiting PF, Weswood ME, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PN, Kleijnen J. Evaluation of QUADAS, a tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2006;6:9.
24. Fleiss J. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol Bull 1971;76:378-82.
25. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002;21:1539-58.
26. Macaskill P, Gatsonis CA, Deeks JJ, Harbord RM, Takwoingi Y. Chapter 10 Analysing and presenting results. In: Deeks JJ, Bossuyt PM, Gatsonis CA, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy, Version 10: Cochrane Collaboration; 2010.
27. Rutter CM, Gatsonis CA. A hierarchical regression approach to meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy evaluations. Stat Med 2001;20:2865-84.
28. Zamora J, Abraira V, Muriel A, Khan K, Coomarasamy A. Meta-Disc: A software for meta-analysis of test accuracy data. BMC Med Res Methodol 2006;6:31.
29. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: An emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008;336:924-6.
30. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, Amorim P, Janavs J, Weiller E, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 4-57.
31. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, Linzer M, deGruy FV, 3rd, Hahn SR, et al. Utility of a new procedure for diagnosing mental disorders in primary care. The PRIME-MD 1000 study. JAMA 1994;272:1749-56.
32. Kessler RC, Ustun TB. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004;13:93-121.
33. Robins LN, Helzer JE, Croughan J, Ratcliff KS. National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Its history, characteristics, and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:381-9.
34. Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia. Arch General Psychiatry 1978;35:837-44.
35. Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R, et al. SCAN. Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:589-93.
36. Dahl AA, Kruger MB, Dahl NH, Karlson H, Knorring LV, Stordal E. SPIFA-A presentation of the Structured Psychiatric Interview for General Practice. Nord J Psychiatry 2009:1-11.
37. Addington D, Addington J, Maticka-Tyndale E, Joyce J. Reliability and validity of a depression rating scale for schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 1992;6:201-8.
38. Bech P, Rasmussen NA, Olsen LR, Noerholm V, Abildgaard W. The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord 2001;66:159-64.
39. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561-71.
40. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977;1:385-401.
41. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361-70.
42. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB. Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire. JAMA 1999;282:1737-44.
43. Poole H, White S, Blake C, Murphy P, Bramwell R. Depression in chronic pain patients: Prevalence and measurement. Pain Pract 2009;9:173-80.
44. Warmenhoven F, van Rijswijk E, Engels Y, Kan C, Prins J, van Weel C, et al. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and a single screening question as screening tools for depressive disorder in Dutch advanced cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2011;20:319-24.
45. Bunevicius A, Staniute M, Brozaitiene J, Bunevicius R. Diagnostic accuracy of self-rating scales for screening of depression in coronary artery disease patients. J Psychosom Res 2012;72:22-5.
46. Dutton GR, Grothe KB, Jones GN, Whitehead D, Kendra K, Brantley PJ. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with African American primary care patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004;26:437-42.
47. Homaifar BY, Brenner LA, Gutierrez PM, Harwood JF, Thompson C, Filley CM, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in persons with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009;90:652-6.
48. Di Benedetto M, Lindner H, Hare DL, Kent S. Depression following acute coronary syndromes: A comparison between the Cardiac Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II. J Psychosom Res 2006;60:13-20.
49. Ailey SH. The sensitivity and specificity of depression screening tools among adults with intellectual disabilities. J Mental Health Res Intellect Disab 2009;2:45-64.
50. Huffman JC, Doughty CT, Januzzi JL, Pirl WF, Smith FA, Fricchione GL. Screening for major depression in post-myocardial infarction patients: Operating characteristics of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Int J Psychiatry Med 2010;40:187-97.
51. Hopko DR, Bell JL, Armento ME, Robertson SM, Hunt MK, Wolf NJ, et al. The phenomenology and screening of clinical depression in cancer patients. J Psychosoc Oncol 2008;26:31-51.
52. De Souza J, Jones LA, Rickards H. Validation of self-report depression rating scales in Huntington's disease. Mov Disord 2009.
53. Caracciolo B, Giaquinto S. Criterion validity of the center for epidemiological studies depression (CES-D) scale in a sample of rehabilitation inpatients. J Rehabil Med 2002;34:221-5.
54. Breslau N. Depressive symptoms, major depression, and generalized anxiety: A comparison of self-reports on CES-D and results from diagnostic interviews. Psychiatry Res 1985;15:219-29.
55. Sultan S, Luminet O, Hartemann A. Cognitive and anxiety symptoms in screening for clinical depression in diabetes A systematic examination of diagnostic performances of the HADS and BDI-SF. J Affect Disord 2009.
56. Whelan-Goodinson R, Ponsford J, Schonberger M. Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess depression and anxiety following traumatic brain injury as compared with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. J Affect Disord 2009;114:94-102.
57. Hall A, A'Hern R, Fallowfield L. Are we using appropriate self-report questionnaires for detecting anxiety and depression in women with early breast cancer? Eur J Cancer 1999;35:79-85.
58. Orive M, Padierna JA, Quintana JM, Las-Hayas C, Vrotsou K, Aguirre U. Detecting depression in medically ill patients: Comparative accuracy of four screening questionnaires and physicians' diagnoses in Spanish population. J Psychosom Res 2010;69:399-406.
59. Silverstone PH. Poor efficacy of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in both medical and psychiatric patients. J Psychosom Res 1994;38:441-50.
60. Terluin B, Brouwers EP, van Marwijk HW, Verhaak PF, van der Horst HE. Detecting depressive and anxiety disorders in distressed patients in primary care; comparative diagnostic accuracy of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (4DSQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). BMC Fam Pract 2009;10:58.
61. Lowe B, Spitzer RL, Grafe K, Kroenke K, Quenter A, Zipfel S, et al. Comparative validity of three screening questionnaires for DSM-IV depressive disorders and physicians' diagnoses. J Affect Disord 2004;78:131-40.
62. Haddad M, Walters P, Phillips R, Tsakok J, Williams P, Mann A, et al. Detecting depression in patients with coronary heart disease: A diagnostic evaluation of the PHQ-9 and HADS-D in primary care, findings from the UPBEAT-UK study. PloS one 2013;8:e78493.
63. Zoger S, Svedlund J, Holgers KM. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) as a screening instrument in tinnitus evaluation. Int J Audiol 2004;43:458-64.
64. Stafford L, Berk M, Jackson HJ. Validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2007;29:417-24.
65. Wittkampf K, van Ravesteijn H, Baas K, van de Hoogen H, Schene A, Bindels P, et al. The accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in detecting depression and measuring depression severity in high-risk groups in primary care. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2009;31:451-9.
66. Henkel V, Mergl R, Kohnen R, Allgaier AK, Moller HJ, Hegerl U. Use of brief depression screening tools in primary care: Consideration of heterogeneity in performance in different patient groups. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2004;26:190-8.
67. Thekkumpurath P, Walker J, Butcher I, Hodges L, Kleiboer A, O'Connor M, et al. Screening for major depression in cancer outpatients: The diagnostic accuracy of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Cancer 2011;117:218-27.
68. Persoons P, Luyckx K, Desloovere C, Vandenberghe J, Fischler B. Anxiety and mood disorders in otorhinolaryngology outpatients presenting with dizziness: Validation of the self-administered PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire and epidemiology. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2003;25:316-23.
69. Navines R, Castellvi P, Moreno-Espana J, Gimenez D, Udina M, Canizares S, et al. Depressive and anxiety disorders in chronic hepatitis C patients: Reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire. J Affect Disord 2012;138:343-51.
70. Picardi A, Adler DA, Abeni D, Chang H, Pasquini P, Rogers WH, et al. Screening for depressive disorders in patients with skin diseases: A comparison of three screeners. Acta Derm Venereol 2005;85:414-9.
71. Diez-Quevedo C, Rangil T, Sanchez-Planell L, Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. Validation and utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire in diagnosing mental disorders in 1003 general hospital Spanish inpatients. Psychosom Med 2001;63:679-86.
72. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16:606-13.
73. Cassin S, Sockalingam S, Hawa R, Wnuk S, Royal S, Taube-Schiff M, et al. Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a depression screening tool for bariatric surgery candidates. Psychosomatics 2013;54:352-8.
74. Elderon L, Smolderen KG, Na B, Whooley MA. Accuracy and prognostic value of American Heart Association: Recommended depression screening in patients with coronary heart disease: Data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2011;4:533-40.
75. Bombardier CH, Kalpakjian CZ, Graves DE, Dyer JR, Tate DG, Fann JR. Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in assessing major depressive disorder during inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012;93:1838-45.
76. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56-62.
77. Rush AJ, Giles DE, Schlesser MA, Fulton CL, Weissenburger J, Burns C. The Inventory for Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res 1986;18:65-87.
78. Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:382-9.
79. Zung WW. A self-rating depression scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1965;12:63-70.
80. Bech P, Kastrup M, Rafaelsen OJ. Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1986;326:1-37.
81. Korner A, Lauritzen L, Abelskov K, Gulmann NC, Brodersen AM, Wedervang-Jensen T, et al. Rating scales for depression in the elderly: External and internal validity. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:384-9.
82. Rettew DC, Lynch AD, Achenbach TM, Dumenci L, Ivanova MY. Meta-analyses of agreement between diagnoses made from clinical evaluations and standardized diagnostic interviews. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2009;18:169-84.
83. Amorim P, Lecrubier Y, Weiller E, Hergueta T, Sheehan D. DSM-IH-R Psychotic Disorders: Procedural validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Concordance and causes for discordance with the CIDI. Eur Psychiatry 1998;13:26-34.
84. Jones JE, Hermann BP, Barry JJ, Gilliam F, Kanner AM, Meador KJ. Clinical assessment of Axis I psychiatric morbidity in chronic epilepsy: A multicenter investigation. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005;17:172-9.
85. Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Kroenke K, Hornyak R, McMurray J. Validity and utility of the PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire in assessment of 3000 obstetric-gynecologic patients: The PRIME-MD Patient Health Questionnaire Obstetrics - Gynecology Study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:759-69.
86. Maters GA, Sanderman R, Kim AY, Coyne JC. Problems in cross-cultural use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: " No butterflies in the desert". PloS one 2013;8:e70975.
87. Kendel F, Wirtz M, Dunkel A, Lehmkuhl E, Hetzer R, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Screening for depression: Rasch analysis of the dimensional structure of the PHQ-9 and the HADS-D. J Affect Disord 2010;122:241-6.
88. Cameron IM, Crawford JR, Lawton K, Reid IC. Differential item functioning of the HADS and PHQ-9: An investigation of age, gender and educational background in a clinical UK primary care sample. J Affect Disord 2013;147:262-8.
89. Forkmann T, Gauggel S, Spangenberg L, Brahler E, Glaesmer H. Dimensional assessment of depressive severity in the elderly general population: Psychometric evaluation of the PHQ-9 using Rasch Analysis. J Affect Disord 2013;148:323-30.
90. Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: A comprehensive review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2013;35:416-31.
91. Baas KD, Cramer AO, Koeter MW, van de Lisdonk EH, van Weert HC, Schene AH. Measurement invariance with respect to ethnicity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). J Affect Disord 2011;129:229-35.
92. Lecrubier Y, Sheehan DV, Weiller E, Amorim P, Bonora I, Harnett Sheehan K. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI. Eur Psychiatry 1997;12:224-31.
93. Sheehan D, Lecrubier Y, Harnett Sheehan K, Janavs J, Weiller E, Keskiner A. The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychitric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. Eur Psychiatry 1997;12:232-41.
94. Leopold KA, Ahles TA, Walch S, Amdur RJ, Mott LA, Wiegand-Packard L. Prevalence of mood disorders and utility of the PRIME-MD in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;42:1105-12.
95. Loerch B, Szegedi A, Kohnen R, Benkert O. The primary care evaluation of mental disorders (PRIME-MD), German version: a comparison with the CIDI. J Psychiatr Res 2000;34:211-20.
96. Booth BM, Kirchner JE, Hamilton G, Harrell R, Smith GR. Diagnosing depression in the medically ill: validity of a lay-administered structured diagnostic interview. J Psychiatr Res 1998;32:353-60.
97. Hasin DS, Grant BF. Diagnosing depressive disorders in patients with alcohol and drug problems: a comparison of the SADS-L and the DIS. J Psychiatr Res 1987;21:301-11.