Preventing Heart Failure with Exercise Training

Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports

Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2015, Pages

  Parto, Parham ^a   J Lavie, Carl ^a   Arena, Ross ^b   O Ventura, Hector ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Body mass index; Cardiorespiratory fitness; Congestive heart failure; Depression; Exercise training; HTN; Lipids; Obesity paradox; Psychological factors

Indexed keywords

BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DEPRESSION; DISTRESS SYNDROME; EXERCISE; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE VOLUME; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; OBESITY; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW;

EID: 84940368561     PISSN: 19329520     EISSN: 19329563     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0472-3     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Braunwald E. Shattuck lecture—cardiovascular medicine at the turn of the millennium: triumphs, concerns, and opportunities. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1360–9.
2. Roger V. Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res. 2013;113:646–59.
3. Lavie CJ, Alpert MA, Arena R, Mehra MR, Milani RV, Ventura HO. Impact of obesity and the obesity paradox on prevalence and prognosis of in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol HF. 2013;1:93–102.
4. Kaminsky LA, Arena R, Beckie TM, Brubaker PH, Church TS, Forman DE, et al. The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in the United States: the need for a national registry: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013;127:652–62.
5. Swift DL, Lavie CJ, Johannsen NM, Arena R, Earnest CP, O’Keefe JH, et al. Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and exercise training in primary and secondary coronary prevention. Circ J. 2013;77:281–92.
6. Downing J, Balady GJ. The role of exercise training in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:561–9.
7. Francis DP, Shamim W, Davies LC, Piepoli MF, Ponikowski P, Anker SD, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for prognosis in chronic heart failure: continuous and independent prognostic value from VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:154–61.
8. McElroy PA, Janicki JS, Weber KT. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1988;62(2):35A.
9. Yasaka Y, Yamabe H, Yokoyama M. Dependence of peak oxygen uptake on oxygen transport capacity in chronic heart failure: comparison of graded protocol and fixed protocol. Int J Cardiol. 1997;59:149–56.
10. Lavie CJ, Berra K, Arena R. Formal cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in heart failure—evidence for substantial clinical benefits. JCRP. 2013;33:209–11.
11. Keteyan SJ. Exercise training in congestive heart failure: risks and benefits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;53:119–28.
12. Smart N, Marwick TH. Exercise training for patients with heart failure: a systematic review of factors that improve mortality and morbidity. Am J Med. 2004;116:693–706.
13. Piepoli MF, Davos C, Francis DP, Coats AJ, ExTraMATCH Collaborative. Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH). BMJ. 2004;328:189.
14. Sullivan MJ, Knight B, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Relation between central and peripheral hemodynamics during exercise in patients with severe heart failure. Circulation. 1989;80:769–81.
15. O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL, Keteyian SJ, Cooper LS, Ellis SJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAJA. 2009;301:1439–50.
16. Keteyian SJ, Leifer ES, Houston-Miller N, Kraus WE, Brawner CA, O’Connor CM, et al. Relation between volume of exercise and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;601:1899–905.
17. Berry JD, Pandey A, Gao A, Leonard D, Farzaneh-Far R, Ayers C, et al. Physical fitness and risk for heart failure and coronary artery disease. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6:627–34.
18. Lavie CJ, Ventura HO, Milani RV, Arena R. Critical impact of fitness in the prevention and treatment of heart failure. AHJ. 2014;169:194–6. This paper provides considerable evidence suggesting that poor CRF is a strong overall CV risk factor.
19. Pandey A, Patel M, Goa A, Willis BL, Das SR, Leonard D, et al. Changes in mid-life fitness predicts heart failure risk at a later age independent of interval development of cardiac and noncardiac risk factors: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. AHJ. 2015;169:290–7. This paper provides evidence that fitness during mid-life is an independent and modifiable risk factor for HF hospitalization later on in life.
20. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, et al. ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(16):e147–239.
21. Edelmann F, Gelbrich G, Dungen H, Frohling S, Wachter R, Stahrenberg R, et al. Exercise training in diastolic heart failure—pilot study: a prospective, randomized, controlled study to determine the effects of physical training on exercise capacity and quality of life [Ex-DHF-P]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1780–91.
22. Pandey A, Parashar A, Kumbani D, Agarwal S, Garg J, Kitzman D, et al. Exercise training in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail. 2015;8:33–40. This study suggests that exercise training in HFpEF patients is associated with improved QoL and CRF without significantly affecting LV systolic or diastolic function.
23. Kasner M, Westermann D, Steendijk P, Gaub R, Wilkenshoff U, Weitmann K, et al. Utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of diastolic function in heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a comparative Doppler-conductance catheterization study. Circulation. 2007;116:637–47.
24. Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, et al. Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2456–67.
25. Ahmed A, Rich MW, Fleg JL, Zile MR, Young JB, Kitzmann DW, et al. Effects of digoxin on morbidity and mortality in diastolic heart failure: the ancillary digitalis investigation group trial. Circulation. 2006;114:397–403.
26. Suchy C, Massen L, Rognmo O, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Beckers P, Kraigher-Krainer E, et al. Optimising exercise training in prevention and treatment of diastolic heart failure (OptimEx-CLIN): rationale and design of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21(2 Suppl):18–25. This study will help define the optimal dose and method of exercise training in patients with HFpEF.
27. Kannel WB. Incidence and epidemiology of heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2000;5:167–73.
28. Park YM, Sui X, Liu J, Zhou H, Kokkinos PF, Lavie CJ, et al. The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on age-related lipids and lipoproteins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(19):2091–100. This paper highlights that higher CRF levels may delay the development of dyslipidemia.
29. Cullen P. Evidence that triglycerides are an independent coronary heart disease risk factor. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:943–9.
30. Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, de Jesus JM, Houston Miller N, Hubbard VS, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:2960–84.
31. Carroll MD, Lacher DA, Sorlie PD, Cleeman JI, Gordon DJ, Wolz M, et al. Trends in serum lipids and lipoproteins of adults, 1960–2002. JAMA. 2005;294:1773–81.
32. Schubert CM, Rogers NL, Remsberg EK, Sun SS, Chumlea WC, Demerath EW, et al. Lipids, lipoproteins, lifestyle, adiposity and fat free mass during middle age: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:251–60.
33. Wilson PWF, Anderson KM, Harri T, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Determinants of change in total cholesterol and HDL-C with age: the Framingham Study. J Gerontol. 1994;49:M252–7.
34. Garry PJ, Hunt WC, Koehler KM, Vanderjagt DJ, Vellas BJ. Longitudinal study of dietary intakes and plasma lipids in healthy elderly men and women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:682–8.
35. Ferrara A, Barrett-Connor E, Shan J. Total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol decrease with age in older men and women. The Ranch Bernardo Study 1984–1994. Circulation. 1997;96:37–43.
36. Liu J, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Zhou H, Park YM, Cai B, et al. Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on blood pressure trajectory with aging in a cohort of healthy men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:1245–53. This paper suggests that higher fitness levels delay the development of hypertension.
37. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. Seventh report of the join national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206–52.
38. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Willett WC. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:16–22.
39. Cheng S, Xanthakis V, Sullivan LM, Vasan RS. Blood pressure tracking over the adult life course: patterns and correlates in the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2012;60:1393–9.
40. Franklin SS, Gustin IV W, Wong ND, Larson MG, Weber MA, Kannel WB, et al. The Framingham Heart Study. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. Circulation. 1997;96:308–15.
41. Newhouse A, Jiang W. Co-morbidities in heart failure: heart failure and depression. Heart Fail Clin. 2014;10(2):295–304.
42. Rutledge T, Reis VA, Linke SE, Greenberg BH, Mills PJ. Depression in heart failure a meta-analytic review of prevalence intervention effects, and associations with clinical outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(8):1527–37.
43. Van den Broek KC, de Filippi CR, Christenson RH, Seliger SL, Gottdiener JS, Kop WJ. Predictive value of depressive symptoms and B-type natriuretic peptide for new-onset heart failure and mortality. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(5):723–9.
44. Jiang W, Alexander J, Christopher E, Kuchibhatla M, Gaulden LH, Cuffe MS, et al. Relationship of depression to increased risk of mortality and rehospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(15):1849–56.
45. Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, O’Connor C, Keteyian S, Landzberg J, Howlett J, et al. Effects of exercise training on depressive symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure: the HF-ACTION randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;308(5):465–74.
46. Mead GE, Morley W, Campbell P, Greig CA, McMurdo M, Lawlor DA. Exercise for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;3:CD004366.
47. Mentz RJ, Babyak MA, Bittner V, Fleg JL, Keteyian SJ, Swank AM, et al. Prognostic significance of depression in African Americans with heart failure: insights from HF-ACTION. Circ Heart Fail. 2015. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001995. This paper presents the association between African-Americans that have HF and depression who are at increased risk for all-cause mortality/hospitalization.
48. Hoffman BM, Babyak MA, Craighead WE, Sherwood A, Doraiswamy PM, Coons MJ, et al. Exercise and pharmacotherapy in patients with major depression: one year follow-up of the SMILE study. Psychosom Med. 2011;73(2):127–33.
49. Lavie CJ, Milani RV. Adverse psychological and coronary risk profiles in young patients with coronary artery disease and benefits of formal cardiac rehabilitation. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1878–83.
50. Lavie CJ, Milani RV, O’Keefe J, Lavie TJ. Impact of exercise training on psychological risk factors. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;53:464–70.
51. Milani RV, Lavie CJ. Impact of cardiac rehabilitation on depression and its associated mortality. Am J Med. 2007;120:799–806.
52. Milani RV, Lavie CJ. Reducing psychosocial stress: a novel mechanism of improving survival from exercise training. Am J Med. 2009;122:931–8.
53. Milani RV, Lavie CJ, Mehra MR, Ventura HO. Impact of exercise training and depression on survival in failure due to coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:64–8.
54. Kenchaiah S, Evan JC, Levy D. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:305–13.
55. Lavie CJ, Cahalin LP, Chase P, Myers J, Bensimhon D, Peberdy MA, et al. Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88:251–8.
56. McAuley PA, Artero EG, Sui X, Lee D, Church TS, Lavie CJ, et al. The obesity paradox, cardiorespiratory fitness, and coronary heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(5):443–51.
57. DeSchutter A, Lavie CJ, Milani RV. The impact of obesity on risk factors and prevalence and prognosis of coronary heart disease—the obesity paradox. PCAD. 2014;56:401–8.
58. Clark AL, Fonarow GC, Horwich TB. Obesity and the obesity paradox in heart failure. PCAD. 2014;56:409–14. This paper reviews the relationship between the obesity paradox and CRF, while suggesting explanations for the obesity paradox and evidence for intentional weight loss in HF.
59. Lavie CJ, DeSchutter A, Milani RV. Body composition and the obesity paradox in coronary heart disease—can heavier really be healthier? Heart. 2015; In Press. This paper highlights the key findings of the obesity paradox in the context of CHD.