Are social support and HIV coping strategies associated with lower depression in adults on antiretroviral treatment? Evidence from rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

AIDS Care - Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV

Volumn 26, Issue 12, 2014, Pages 1482-1489

  Yeji, Francis ^a,b,c   Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin ^b,d   Newell, Marie Louise ^c,e   Hirschhorn, Lisa R ^f   Hosegood, Victoria ^c,g   Bärnighausen, Till ^c,h  

^a NAVRONGO HEALTH RESEARCH CENTRE   (Ghana)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^f HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^h HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiretroviral treatment; Coping strategies; Depression; HIV AIDS; Social support

Indexed keywords

ANTI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR THERAPY; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EMPATHY; FEMALE; GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PREVALENCE; LOVE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MARRIAGE; MENTAL HEALTH; POPULATION GROUP; RURAL AREA; SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE; SOCIAL AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOUTH AFRICA; TRUST; ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; CLINICAL TRIAL; HIV INFECTIONS; MIDDLE AGED; MULTICENTER STUDY; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; RURAL POPULATION; STANDARDS; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; VALIDATION STUDY;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ADULT; AGED; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POVERTY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOUTH AFRICA; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES;

EID: 84940224809     PISSN: 09540121     EISSN: 13600451     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.931561     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Arinze-Onyia, S. U., Onwasigwe, C. N., Uzochukwu, B. S. C.,Nwobi, E. A., Ndu, A. C., &Nwobodo, E. D. (2010). The effects of health education on knowledge and attitudes to emergency contraception by female students of a tertiary educational institution in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences, 25, 165-171.
2. Asante, K. O. (2012). Social support and the psychological wellbeing of people living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana. African Journal of Psychiatry, 15, 340-345. doi:10.4314/ ajpsy.v15i5.42
3. Bärnighausen, T., Hosegood, V., Timaeus, I. M., &Newell, M.-L. (2007). The socioeconomic determinants of HIV incidence: Evidence from a longitudinal, population-based study in rural South Africa. AIDS, 21(Suppl. 7), S29-S38. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000300533.59483.95
4. Bärnighausen, T., Chaiyachati, K., Chimbindi, N., Peoples, A., Haberer, J., &Newell, M.-L. (2011). Interventions to increase antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of evaluation studies. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 11, 942-951. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11) 70181-5
5. Carrico, A. W., Antoni, M. H., Duran, R. E., Ironson, G., Penedo, F., Fletcher, M. A., Schneiderman, N. (2006). Reductions in depressed mood and denial coping during cognitive behavioral stress management with HIV-positive gay men treated with HAART. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 31, 155-164. doi:10.1207/s15324796abm 3102-7
6. Cho, S., Zunin, I. D., Chao, P. J., Heiby, E. M., &McKoy, J. (2012). Effects of pain controllability and discrepancy in social support on depressed mood among patients with chronic pain. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 270-279. doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9175-4
7. Collins, P. Y., Holman, A. R., Freeman, M. C., Patel, V. (2006). What is the relevance of mental health to HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs in developing countries? A systematic review. AIDS, 20, 1571-1582. doi:10.1097/ 01.aids.0000238402.70379.d4
8. Coyne, J. C. (1976). Toward an interactional description of depression. Psychiatry, 39(1), 28-40.
9. Daradkeh, T. K., Ghubash, R., &El-Rufaie, O. E. F. (2001). Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Arabic version of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 89(1), 85-94. doi:10.2466/pr0. 2001.89.1.85
10. Deichert, N. T., Fekete, E. M., Boarts, J. M., Druley, J. A., &Delahanty , D. L. (2008). Emotional support and affect: Associations with health behaviors and active coping efforts in men living with HIV AIDS and Behavior, 12 (1), 139-145. doi:10.1007/s10461-007-9214-y
11. Folkman, S., &Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21(3), 219-239. doi:10.2307/2136617
12. Forouzan, A. S., Shushtari, Z. J., Sajjadi, H., Salimi, Y., &Dejman, M. (2013). Social support network among people living with HIV/AIDS in Iran. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2013, 715381. doi:10.1155/2013/715381
13. Freeman, M., Nikomo, N., Kafaar, Z., &Kelly, K. (2007). Factors associated with prevalence of mental disorder in people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. AIDS Care, 19, 1201-1209. doi:10.1080/09540120701426482
14. Hankins, M. (2008). The reliability of the twelve-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) under realistic assumptions. BMC Public Health, 8, 355. doi:10.1186/1471-24 58-8-355
15. Heaney, C. A., &Israel, B. A. (2008). Social networks and social support. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, &K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 24-36). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
16. Helgeson, V. S., &Cohen, S. (1996). Social support and adjustment to cancer: Reconciling descriptive, correlational, and intervention research. Health Psychology, 15(2), 135-148. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.15.2.135
17. Holtzman, S., Newth, S., &Delongis, A. (2004). The role of social support in coping with daily pain among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 677-695. doi:10.1177/1359105304045381
18. Houlihan, C. F., Bland, R. M., Mutevedzi, P. C., Lessells, R. J., Ndirangu, J., Thulare, H., &Newell, M.-L. (2011). Cohort profile: Hlabisa HIV treatment and care programme. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40, 318-326. doi:10.1093/ije/dyp402
19. HSRC. (2013). South African national HIV, behaviour and health survey 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2013, from http:// www.hsrc.ac.za/en/research-areas/Research-Areas-HAST /HAST-National-HIV-Survey
20. Goldberg, D., &Williams, P. (1991). A User's guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER-Nelson.
21. Goldberg, D. P., Gater, R., Sartorius, N., Ustun, T. B., Piccinelli, M., Gureje, O., &Rutter, C. (1997). The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychological Medicine, 27, 191-197. doi:10.1017/S0033291796004242
22. Govender, I., Mutunzi, E., &Okonta, H. I. (2012a). Hospitals of the Ngaka Modiri Molema district (Mafikeng health region), North West province, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 18(2), 42-46.
23. Govender, I., Mutunzi, E., &Okonta, H. I. (2012b). Stress among medical doctors working in public hospitals of the Ngaka Modiri Molema district (Mafikeng health region), North West province, South Africa. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 18(2), 42-46.
24. Gurung, R. A. R., Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M., &Myers, H. (2004). "HIV is not my biggest problem": The impact of HIV and chronic burden on depression in women at risk for Aids. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23 (4), 490-511. doi:10.1521/jscp.23.4.490.40305
25. Kim, J., Han, J. Y., Shaw, B., Mctavish, F., &Gustafson, D. (2010). The roles of social support and coping strategies in predicting breast cancer patients' emotional well-being: Testing mediation and moderation models. Journal of Health Psychology, 15, 543-552. doi:10.1177/1359105 309355338
26. Krumholz, H. M., Butler, J., Miller, J., Vaccarino, V., Williams, C. S., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Berkman, L. F. (1998). Prognostic importance of emotional support for elderly patients hospitalized with heart failure. Circulation, 97, 958-964. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.97.10.958
27. Kuo, C., Operario, D., &Cluver, L. (2012). Depression among carers of AIDS-orphaned and other-orphaned children in Umlazi Township, South Africa. Global Public Health, 7, 253-269. doi:10.1080/17441692.2011.626436
28. Langford, C. P., Bowsher, J., Maloney, J. P., &Lillis, P. P. (1997). Social support: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25(1), 95-100. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025095.x
29. Lewinsohn, P. M. (1974). A behavioral approach to depression. In R. Friedman &M. Katz (Eds.), The psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 157-176). New York, NY: John Wiley &Sons.
30. Li, L., Lee, S. J., Thammawijaya, P., Jiraphongsa, C., &Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2009). Stigma, social support, and depression among people living with HIV in Thailand. AIDS Care, 21, 1007-1013. doi:10.1080/0954012080 2614358
31. Makoae, L. N., Greeff, M., Phetlhu, R. D., Uys, L. R., Naidoo, J. R., Kohi, T. W., Holzemer, W. L. (2008). Coping with HIV/AIDS stigma in five African countries. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 19(2), 137-146. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2007.11.004
32. Makowska, Z., Merecz, D., Mos̈cicka, A., &Kolasa, W. (2002). The validity of general health questionnaires, GHQ-12 and GHQ-28, in mental health studies of working people. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 15(4), 353-362.
33. McDowell, T. L., &Serovich, J. M. (2007). The effect of perceived and actual social support on the mental health of HIV-positive persons. AIDS Care, 19, 1223-1229. doi:10.1080/09540120701402830
34. Mellins, C. A., Havens, J. F., McCaskill, E. O., Leu, C. S., Brudney, K., &Chesney, M. A. (2002). Mental health, substance use and disclosure are significantly associated with the medical treatment adherence of HIV-infected mothers. Psychology, Health &Medicine, 7, 451-460. doi:10.1080/1354850021000015267
35. Moosa, M., Jeenah, F., &Vorster, M. (2005). HIV in South Africa-Depression and CD4 count. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 11(1), 12-15.
36. Morris, S. S., Carletto, C., Hoddinott, J., &Christiaensen, L. (2000). Validity of rapid estimates of household wealth and income for health surveys in rural Africa. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 381-387. doi:10.1136/jech.54.5.381
37. Myer, L., Smit, J., Roux, L. L., Parker, S., Stein, D. J., &Seedat, S. (2008). Common mental disorders among HIVinfected individuals in South Africa: Prevalence, predictors, and validation of brief psychiatric rating scales. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 22, 147-158. doi:10.1089/apc. 2007.0102
38. Nachega, J. B., Stein, D. M., Lehman, D. A., Hlatshwayo, D., Mothopeng, R., Chaisson, R. E., &Karstaedt, A. S. (2004). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIVinfected adults in Soweto, South Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 20, 1053-1056. doi:10.1089/ aid.2004.20.1053
39. Ncama, B. P., McInerney, P. A., Bhengu, B. R., Corless, I. B., Wantland, D. J., Nicholas, P. K., Davis, S. M. (2008). Social support and medication adherence in HIV disease in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 1757-1763. doi:10.1016/j. ijnurstu.2008.06.006
40. Neugebauer, A., &Katz, P. P. (2004). Impact of social support on valued activity disability and depressive symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care and Research, 51, 586-592. doi:10.1002/art.20532
41. Ngcobo, M., &Pillay, B. J. (2008). Depression in African women presenting for psychological services at a general hospital. African Journal of Psychiatry, 11(2), 133-137. doi:10.4314/ajpsy.v11i2.30266
42. Ogbuji, Q. C., &Oke, A. E. (2010). Quality of life among persons living with HIV infection in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 39(2), 127-135.
43. Olagunju, A. T., Adeyemi, J. D., Ogbolu, R. E., &Campbell, E. A. (2012). A study on epidemiological profile of anxiety disorders among people living with HIV/AIDS in a sub-Saharan Africa HIV clinic. AIDS and Behavior, 16, 2192-2197. doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0250-x
44. Peltzer, K., Preez, N. F., Ramlagan, S., &Anderson, J. (2010). Antiretroviral treatment adherence among HIV patients in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 111. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-111
45. Quek, K. F., Low, W. Y., Razack, A. H., &Loh, C. S. (2001). Reliability and validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among urological patients: A Malaysian study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 55, 509-513. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00897.x
46. Robbins, M., Szapocznik, J., Tejeda, M., Samuels, D., Ironson, G., &Antoni, M. (2003). The protective role of the family and social support network in a sample of HIV-positive African American women: Results of a pilot study. Journal of Black Psychology, 29(1), 17-37. doi:10.1177/009579840 2239227
47. Roberts, K. J., &Mann, T. (2000). Barriers to antiretroviral medication adherence in HIV-infected women. AIDS Care, 12, 377-386. doi:10.1080/09540120050123774
48. Rochat, T. J., Tomlinson, M., Bärnighausen, T., Newell, M. L.,&Stein, A. (2011). The prevalence and clinical presentation of antenatal depression in rural South Africa. Journal of Affective Disorders, 135, 362-373. doi:10.1016/j. jad.2011.08.011
49. Shrestha, S., Poudel, K. C., Poudel-Tandukar, J, Kobayashi, S., Pandey, B. D., Yasuoka, J., Otsuka, K., &Jimba, M. (2012). Perceived family support and depression among people living with HIV/AIDS in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care, 13(3), 214-222. doi:10.1177/ 1545109712456741
50. Simoni, J. M., Frick, P. A., &Huang, B. (2006). A longitudinal evaluation of a social support model of medication adherence among HIV-positive men and women on antiretroviral therapy. Health Psychology, 25(1), 74-81. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.74
51. Spoozak, L., Gotman, N., Smith, M. V., Belanger, K., &Yonkers, K. A. (2009). Evaluation of a social support measure that may indicate risk of depression during pregnancy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114, 216-223. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.07.015
52. Sternhell, P. S., &Corr, M. J. (2002). Psychiatric morbidity and adherence to antiretroviral medication in patients with HIV/AIDS. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 528-533. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002. 00999.x
53. Tanser, F., Hosegood, V., Bärnighausen, T., Herbst, K., Nyirenda, M., Muhwava, W., Newell, M.-L. (2008). Cohort profile: Africa centre demographic information system (ACDIS) and population-based HIV survey. International Journal of Epidemiology, 37, 956-962. doi:10.1093/ije/dym211
54. Taylor, S. E. (2011). Social support: A review. In M.S. Friedman (Ed.), The handbook of health psychology (pp. 189-214). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
55. Turner-Cobb, J. M., Gore-Felton, C., Marouf, F., Koopman, C., Kim, P., Israelski, D., &Spiegel, D. (2002). Coping, social support, and attachment style as psychosocial correlates of adjustment in men and women with HIV/ AIDS. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 337-353. doi:10.1023/A:1015814431481
56. UNAIDS. (2012). Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. UNAIDS. Retrieved from http:// www.unaids.org/en/resources/publications/2012/name,761 21,en.asp
57. Vyavaharkar, M., Moneyham, L., Corwin, S., Tavakoli, A., Saunders, R., &Annang, L. (2011). HIV-disclosure, social support, and depression among HIV-infected African American women living in the rural southeastern United States. AIDS Education and Prevention, 23(1), 78-90. doi:10.1521/aeap.2011.23.1.78
58. Ware, N. C., Wyatt, M. A., &Tugenberg, T. (2006). Social relationships, stigma and adherence to antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care, 18, 904-910. doi:10.1080/ 09540120500330554
59. Zaidi, J., Grapsa, E., Tanser, F., Newell, M. L., &Bärnighausen, T. (2013). Dramatic increases in HIV prevalence after scale-up of antiretroviral treatment: A longitudinal population-based HIV surveillance study in rural kwazulu-Natal. AIDS, 27(14), 2301-2305. doi:10.1097/QAD. 0b013e328362e832