Systematic Review and Proposal of a Field-Based Physical Fitness-Test Battery in Preschool Children: The PREFIT Battery

Sports Medicine

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 533-555

  Ortega, Francisco B ^a,b   Cadenas Sánchez, Cristina ^a   Sánchez Delgado, Guillermo ^a   Mora González, José ^a   Martínez Téllez, Borja ^a   Artero, Enrique G ^c   Castro Piñero, Jose ^d   Labayen, Idoia ^e   Chillón, Palma ^a   Löf, Marie ^b   Ruiz, Jonatan R ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^b KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALMERÍA   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CÁDIZ   (Spain)

^e UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY UPV EHU   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION; EXERCISE TEST; FITNESS; HAND STRENGTH; HUMAN; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PHYSIOLOGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; REPRODUCIBILITY; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; SKELETAL MUSCLE;

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EXERCISE TEST; HAND STRENGTH; HUMANS; MOTOR ACTIVITY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; PHYSICAL FITNESS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA;

EID: 84939984789     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: 11792035     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0281-8     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ, et al. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes (Lond). 2008;32(1):1–11.
2. Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J, Artero EG, et al. Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(12):909–23.
3. Smith JJ, Eather N, Morgan PJ, et al. The health benefits of muscular fitness for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2014;44(9):1209–23.
4. Ortega FB, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, et al. Improvements in fitness reduce the risk of becoming overweight across puberty. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(10):1891–7.
5. Ortega FB, Silventoinen K, Tynelius P, et al. Muscular strength in male adolescents and premature death: cohort study of one million participants. BMJ. 2012;345:e7279.
6. Artero EG, Espana-Romero V, Castro-Pinero J, et al. Reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. Int J Sports Med. 2011;32(3):159–69.
7. Castro-Pinero J, Artero EG, Espana-Romero V, et al. Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2010;44(13):934–43.
8. Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J, Espana-Romero V, et al. Field-based fitness assessment in young people: the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45(6):518–24.
9. IOM (Institute of Medicine). Fitness measures and health outcomes in youth. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2012.
10. National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings. MeSH Descriptor Data. 2014 [cited 2014 Sept 14]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&index=2553&field=all&HM=&II=&PA=&form=&input=.
11. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Klower Health, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2012.
12. Campbell DT, Fiske DW. Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychol Bull. 1959;56(2):81–105.
13. Taylor HL, Buskirk E, Henschel A. Maximal oxygen intake as an objective measure of cardio-respiratory performance. J Appl Physiol. 1955;8(1):73–80.
14. Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126–31.
15. Burgi F, Meyer U, Granacher U, et al. Relationship of physical activity with motor skills, aerobic fitness and body fat in preschool children: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (Ballabeina). Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35(7):937–44.
16. Burgi F, Meyer U, Niederer I, et al. Socio-cultural determinants of adiposity and physical activity in preschool children: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:733.
17. Ebenegger V, Marques-Vidal P, Kriemler S, et al. Differences in aerobic fitness and lifestyle characteristics in preschoolers according to their weight status and sports club participation. Obes Facts. 2012;5(1):23–33.
18. Niederer I, Kriemler S, Gut J, et al. Relationship of aerobic fitness and motor skills with memory and attention in preschoolers (Ballabeina): a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. BMC Pediatr. 2011;11:34.
19. Niederer I, Kriemler S, Zahner L, et al. BMI group-related differences in physical fitness and physical activity in preschool-age children: a cross-sectional analysis. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2012;83(1):12–9.
20. Puder JJ, Marques-Vidal P, Schindler C, et al. Effect of multidimensional lifestyle intervention on fitness and adiposity in predominantly migrant preschool children (Ballabeina): cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011;343:d6195.
21. Reeves L, Broeder CE, Kennedy-Honeycutt L, et al. Relationship of fitness and gross motor skills for five- to six-yr.-old children. Percept Mot Skills. 1999;89(3 Pt 1):739–47.
22. Rikli RE, Petray C, Baumgartner TA. The reliability of distance run tests for children in grades K-4. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1992;63(3):270–6.
23. Bénéfice E, Fouere T, Malina RM. Early nutritional history and motor performance of Senegalese children, 4–6 years of age. Ann Hum Biol. 1999;26(5):443–55.
24. Oja L, Jürimäe T. Assessment of motor ability of 4- and 5-year-old children. Am J Hum Biol. 1997;9(5):659–64.
25. Molenaar HM, Zuidam JM, Selles RW, et al. Age-specific reliability of two grip-strength dynamometers when used by children. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008;90(5):1053–9.
26. Krombholz H. Testbatterie zur Erfassung motorischer Leistungen im Vorschulalter MoTB 3–7. Beschreibung, Gütekriterien, Normwerte und ausgewählte Ergebnisse [A test battery for measuring motor performance of preschool children MoTB 3–7. Description, quality criteria, norms, and selected results]. 2011. Available at: http://psydok.sulb.uni-saarland.de/volltexte/2011/2711/
27. Molenaar HM, Selles RW, Schreuders TA, et al. Reliability of hand strength measurements using the Rotterdam Intrinsic Hand Myometer in children. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33(10):1796–801.
28. Rose KJ, Burns J, Ryan MM, et al. Reliability of quantifying foot and ankle muscle strength in very young children. Muscle Nerve. 2008;37(5):626–31.
29. Koslow RE. Sit and reach flexibility measures for boys and girls aged 3 through 8 years. Percept Mot Skills. 1987;64(3):1103–6.
30. Deitz JC, Kartin D, Kopp K. Review of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2). Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2007;27(4):87–102.
31. Nguyen T, Obeid J, Timmons BW. Reliability of fitness measures in 3- to 5-year-old children. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2011;23(2):250–60.
32. Hua J, Gu G, Meng W, et al. Age band 1 of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition: exploring its usefulness in mainland China. Res Dev Disabil. 2013;34(2):801–8.
33. Kasuga K, Demura S, Aoki H, et al. Sex and age-level differences of walking time in preschool children on an obstacle frame. J Physiol Anthropol. 2012;31:8.
34. De Kegel A, Baetens T, Peersman W, et al. Ghent developmental balance test: a new tool to evaluate balance performance in toddlers and preschool children. Phys Ther. 2012;92(6):841–52.
35. Smits-Engelsman BC, Niemeijer AS, van Waelvelde H. Is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition a reliable instrument to measure motor performance in 3 year old children? Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(4):1370–7.
36. Ellinoudis T, Evaggelinou C, Kourtessis T, et al. Reliability and validity of age band 1 of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children–second edition. Res Dev Disabil. 2011;32(3):1046–51.
37. Sun SH, Zhu YC, Shih CL, et al. Development and initial validation of the Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale. Res Dev Disabil. 2010;31(6):1187–96.
38. Kroes M, Vissers YL, Sleijpen FA, et al. Reliability and validity of a qualitative and quantitative motor test for 5- to 6-year-old children. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2004;8(3):135–43.
39. Broadstone BJ, Westcott SL, Deitz JC. Test–retest reliability of two tiltboard tests in children. Phys Ther. 1993;73(9):618–25.
40. Greenspan KA. Relationships among age, sex, and lateral dominance for 3- to 6-year-old children performing unilateral stance. Percept Mot Skills. 1990;71(2):615–23.
41. Kim CI, Han DW, Park IH. Reliability and validity of the Test of Gross Motor Development-II in Korean preschool children: applying AHP. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(4):800–7.
42. Cools W, Martelaer KD, Samaey C, et al. Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: a review of seven movement skill assessment tools. J Sports Sci Med. 2009;8(2):154–68.
43. Lee-Valkov PM, Aaron DH, Eladoumikdachi F, et al. Measuring normal hand dexterity values in normal 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children and their relationship with grip and pinch strength. J Hand Ther. 2003;16(1):22–8.
44. Butterfield SA, Lehnhard RA, Coladarci T. Age, sex, and body mass index in performance of selected locomotor and fitness tasks by children in grades K-2. Percept Mot Skills. 2002;94(1):80–6.
45. Butterfield SA, Lehnhard RA, Loovis EM, et al. Grip strength performances by 5- to 19-year-olds. Percept Mot Skills. 2009;109(2):362–70.
46. Haishi K, Okuzumi H, Kokubun M, et al. Verbal regulation of grip force in preschoolers. Percept Mot Skills. 2009;108(2):540–8.
47. Molenaar HM, Selles RW, Zuidam JM, et al. Growth diagrams for grip strength in children. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(1):217–23.
48. Yoshizawa S, Ishizaki T, Honda H. Physical fitness of children aged 5 and 6 years. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 1977;6(1):41–51.
49. Fjortoft I, Pedersen AV, Sigmundsson H, et al. Measuring physical fitness in children who are 5–12 years old with a test battery that is functional and easy to administer. Phys Ther. 2011;91(7):1087–95.
50. Duger T, Bumin G, Uyanik M, et al. The assessment of Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency in children. Pediatr Rehabil. 1999;3(3):125–31.
51. Venetsanou F, Kambas A, Aggeloussis N, et al. Motor assessment of preschool aged children: a preliminary investigation of the validity of the Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency—short form. Hum Mov Sci. 2009;28(4):543–50.
52. Woll A, Worth A, Mundermann A, et al. Age- and sex-dependent disparity in physical fitness between obese and normal weight children and adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2013;53(1):48–55.
53. Woll A, Kurth BM, Opper E, et al. The ‘Motorik-Modul’ (MoMo): physical fitness and physical activity in German children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr. 2011;170(9):1129–42.
54. Krombholz H. Physical performance in relation to age, sex, birth order, social class, and sports activities of preschool children. Percept Mot Skills. 2006;102(2):477–84.
55. Kambas A, Aggeloussis N. Construct validity of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-short form for a sample of Greek preschool and primary school children. Percept Mot Skills. 2006;102(1):65–72.
56. Welon Z, Sekita B. Physical fitness, body size, and body build in pre-school children. Stud Phys Anthrop. 1975;2:25–32.
57. Kondric M, Trajkovski B, Strbad M, et al. Anthropometric influence on physical fitness among preschool children: gender-specific linear and curvilinear regression models. Coll Antropol. 2013;37(4):1245–52.
58. Atwater SW, Crowe TK, Deitz JC, et al. Interrater and test–retest reliability of two pediatric balance tests. Phys Ther. 1990;70(2):79–87.
59. An MH, Yi CH, Jeon HS, et al. Age-related changes of single-limb standing balance in children with and without deafness. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;73(11):1539–44.
60. Nemet D, Geva D, Eliakim A. Health promotion intervention in low socioeconomic kindergarten children. J Pediatr. 2011;158(5):796–801 e1.
61. Booth ML, Macaskill P, Phongsavan P, et al. Methods of the NSW Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey, 1997. J Sci Med Sport. 1998;1(2):111–24.
62. Reuben DB, Magasi S, McCreath HE, et al. Motor assessment using the NIH Toolbox. Neurology. 2013;80(11 Suppl 3):S65–75.
63. Artero EG, Espana-Romero V, Castro-Pinero J, et al. Criterion-related validity of field-based muscular fitness tests in youth. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012;52(3):263–72.
64. Castro-Pinero J, Ortega FB, Artero EG, et al. Assessing muscular strength in youth: usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(7):1810–7.
65. Espana-Romero V, Ortega FB, Vicente-Rodriguez G, et al. Elbow position affects handgrip strength in adolescents: validity and reliability of Jamar, DynEx, and TKK dynamometers. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(1):272–7.
66. Espana-Romero V, Artero EG, Santaliestra-Pasias AM, et al. Hand span influences optimal grip span in boys and girls aged 6–12 years. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2008;33(3):378–84.
67. Ruiz JR, Espana-Romero V, Ortega FB, et al. Hand span influences optimal grip span in male and female teenagers. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2006;31(8):1367–72.
68. Hager-Ross C, Rosblad B. Norms for grip strength in children aged 4–16 years. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(6):617–25.
69. Vicente-Rodriguez G, Rey-Lopez JP, Ruiz JR, et al. Interrater reliability and time measurement validity of speed–agility field tests in adolescents. J Strength Cond Res. 2011;25(7):2059–63.
70. Kakebeeke TH, Caflisch J, Chaouch A, et al. Neuromotor development in children. Part 3: motor performance in 3- to 5-year-olds. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(3):248–56.
71. Benefice E, Cames C. Physical activity patterns of rural Senegalese adolescent girls during the dry and rainy seasons measured by movement registration and direct observation methods. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(8):636–43.
72. Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1(8476):307–10.
73. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–74.