The impact of stable atmospheric boundary layers on wind-turbine wakes within offshore wind farms

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

Volumn 144, Issue , 2015, Pages 146-153

  Dörenkämper, Martin ^a   Witha, Björn ^a   Steinfeld, Gerald ^a   Heinemann, Detlev ^a   Kühn, Martin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OLDENBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Atmospheric stratification; Boundary layer; Large eddy simulation; Wind energy; Wind turbine wakes

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; BOUNDARY LAYERS; ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION; ELECTRIC UTILITIES; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; OFFSHORE OIL WELL PRODUCTION; OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES; WAKES; WIND POWER;

ATMOSPHERIC STRATIFICATION; POWER PRODUCTION; STABLE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER; SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS; WAKE EFFECT; WIND FARM; WIND TURBINE WAKES;

OFFSHORE WIND FARMS;

EID: 84939178148     PISSN: 01676105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2014.12.011     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Aitken M.L., Kosović B., Mirocha J.D., Lundquist J.K. Large eddy simulation of wind turbine wake dynamics in the stable boundary layer using the weather research and forecasting model. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2014, 6:033137. 10.1063/1.4885111.
2. Barthelmie, R., Frandsen, S., Rethore, P., Jensen, L., 2007. Analysis of atmospheric impacts on the development of wind turbine wakes at the Nysted wind farm. In: European Offshore Wind Conference 2007, Berlin, Germany.
3. Beare R.J., Macvean M.K., Holtslag A.A., Cuxart J., Esau I., Golaz J.C., Jimenez M.A., Khairoutdinov M., Kosovic B., Lewellen D., et al. An intercomparison of large-eddy simulations of the stable boundary layer. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 2006, 118:247-272. 10.1007/s10546-004-2820-6.
4. Calaf M., Meneveau C., Meyers J. Large eddy simulation study of fully developed wind-turbine array boundary layers. Phys. Fluids 2010, 22. 10.1063/1.3291077.
5. Churchfield, M.J., Lee, S., Moriarty, P.J., Martinez, L.A., Leonardi, S., Vijayakumar, G., Brasseur, J.G., 2012. A large-eddy simulation of wind-plant aerodynamics. 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Nashville, Tennessee, January 9-12, 2012.
6. Deardorff J.W. Stratocumulus-capped mixed layers derived from a three-dimensional model. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 1980, 18:495-527. 10.1007/BF00119502.
7. Doms, G., Schättler, U., 2002. A Description of the Nonhydrostatic Regional Model LM. Technical Report. Deutscher Wetterdienst, 140 pp.
8. Dörenkämper, M., Tambke, J., Steinfeld, G., Heinemann, D., Kühn, M., 2014. Atmospheric impacts on power curves of multi-megawatt offshore wind turbines. In: Proceedings of the Science of Making Torque from Wind J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 555:0122029,. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/555/1/012029.
9. El Kasmi A., Masson C. An extended k-ε model for turbulent flow through horizontal-axis wind turbines. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 2008, 96:103-122. 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.03.007.
10. Emeis S. A simple analytical wind park model considering atmospheric stability. Wind Energy 2010, 13:459-469. 10.1002/we.367.
11. Emeis S. Wind Energy Meteorology: Atmospheric Physics for Wind Power Generation 2013, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 198.
12. EWEA, 2014. The European Offshore Wind Industry-Key Trends and Statistics 2013. Technical Report. European Wind Energy Association, 22 pp.
13. Hansen K.S., Barthelmie R.J., Jensen L.E., Sommer A. The impact of turbulence intensity and atmospheric stability on power deficits due to wind turbine wakes at Horns Rev wind farm. Wind Energy 2012, 15:183-196. 10.1002/we.512.
14. IEA Wind, 2014. International Energy Agency, Task 31: Benchmarking of Wind Farm Flow Models. URL 〈〉. http://www.ieawind.org/task_31.html.
15. Jimenez A., Crespo A., Migoya E., Garcia J. Advances in large-eddy simulation of a wind turbine wake. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2007, 75:012041. 10.1088/1742-6596/75/1/012041.
16. Kataoka H., Mizuno M. Numerical flow computation around aeroelastic 3D square cylinder using inflow turbulence. Wind Struct. Int. J. 2002, 5:379-392. 10.12989/was.2002.5.2_3_4.379.
17. Mikkelsen, R., 2003. Actuator Disc Methods Applied to Wind Turbines (Ph.D. thesis). Technical University of Denmark.
18. Mirocha J., Kosovic B., Aitken M., Lundquist J. Implementation of a generalized actuator disk wind turbine model into the weather research and forecasting model for large-eddy simulation applications. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2014, 6:013104. 10.1063/1.4861061.
19. Porté-Agel F., Wu Y.T., Chen C.H. A numerical study of the effects of wind direction on turbine wakes and power losses in a large wind farm. Energies 2013, 6:5297-5313. 10.3390/en6105297.
20. Porté-Agel F., Wu Y.T., Lu H., Conzemius R.J. Large-eddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flow through wind turbines and wind farms. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 2011, 99:154-168. 10.1016/j.jweia.2011.01.011.
21. Raasch S., Schröter M. PALM-a large-eddy simulation model performing on massively parallel computers. Meteorol. Z. 2001, 10:363-372. 10.1127/0941-2948/2001/0010-0363.
22. Sandu I., Beljaars A., Bechtold P., Mauritsen T., Balsamo G. Why is it so difficult to represent stably stratified conditions in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models?. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. 2013, 5:117-133. 10.1002/jame.20013.
23. Sathe A., Gryning S.E., Peña A. Comparison of the atmospheric stability and wind profiles at two wind farm sites over a long marine fetch in the North Sea. Wind Energy 2011, 14:767-780. 10.1002/we.456.
24. Sempreviva A.M., Gryning S.E. Mixing height over water and its role on the correlation between temperature and humidity fluctuations in the unstable surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 2000, 97:273-291. 10.1023/A:1002749729856.
25. Smedman A.S., Bergström H., Grisogono B. Evolution of stable internal boundary layers over a cold sea. J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans 1997, 102:1091-1099. 10.1029/96JC02782.
26. Smedman A.S., Högström U., Bergström H. Low level jets-a decisive factor for offshore wind energy siting in the Baltic Sea. Wind Eng. 1996, 20:137-147.
27. Sørensen J.N., Shen W.Z. Numerical modeling of wind turbine wakes. J. Fluids Eng. 2002, 124:393-399. 10.1115/1.1471361.
28. Steinfeld G., Letzel M.O., Raasch S., Kanda M., Inagaki A. Spatial representativeness of single tower measurements and the imbalance problem with eddy-covariance fluxes. results of a large-eddy simulation study. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 2007, 123:77-98. 10.1007/s10546-006-9133-x.
29. Steinfeld, G., Tambke, J., Peinke, J., Heinemann, D., 2010. Development of a tool for the study of flow conditions and turbulent loads in offshore wind farms. In: Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference (EWEC) 2010, Warsaw, Poland.
30. Stull R.B. An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988, Dordrecht, 666.
31. Troldborg N., Sorensen J.N., Mikkelsen R., Sorensen N.N. A simple atmospheric boundary layer model applied to large eddy simulations of wind turbine wakes. Wind Energy 2014, 17:657-669. 10.1002/we.1608.
32. Wharton, S., Lundquist, J., 2010. Atmospheric stability impacts on power curves of tall wind turbines-an analysis of a west coast North American wind farm. Technical Report, LLNL-TR-424425. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).
33. Wharton S., Lundquist J.K. Atmospheric stability affects wind turbine power collection. Environ. Res. Lett. 2012, 7:014005. 10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014005.
34. Wicker L.J., Skamarock W.C. Time-splitting methods for elastic models using forward time schemes. Mon. Weather Rev. 2002, 130:2088-2097. 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2088:TSMFEM>2.0.CO;2.
35. Witha, B., Steinfeld, G., Heinemann, D., 2014a. Advanced turbine parameterizations in offshore les wake simulations, in: Extended abstract of the 6th International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE) 2014, Hamburg, Germany.
36. Witha, B., Steinfeld, G., Dörenkämper, M., Heinemann, D., 2014b. Large-eddy simulation of multiple wakes in offshore wind farms, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 55:012108,. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/555/1/012108.
37. Wu Y.T., Porté-Agel F. Large-eddy simulation of wind-turbine wakes. evaluation of turbine parametrisations. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 2011, 138:345-366. 10.1007/s10546-010-9569-x.
38. Zoumakis N., Kelessis A. The dependence of the bulk Richardson number on stability in the surface layer. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 1991, 57:407-414. 10.1007/BF00120057.