A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Qigong and Tai Chi for depressive symptoms

Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Volumn 23, Issue 4, 2015, Pages 516-534

  Liu, Xin ^a,b,c   Clark, Justin ^d   Siskind, Dan ^c,e   Williams, Gail M ^c   Byrne, Gerard ^c,f   Yang, Jiao L ^g   Doi, Suhail A ^h  

^a ZHEJIANG CHINESE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b Hubei Provincial Collab Innovation Centre for Exercise and Health Promotion School of Sports Engineering and Information Technology Wuhan Sports University   (China)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^d Drug Arm Australia Library   (Australia)

^e Metro South Hospital and Health Service   (Australia)

^f ROYAL BRISBANE AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^g UNIVERSITY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS   (China)

^h AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Depressive symptoms; Meta analysis; Qigong; Tai Chi

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; DEPRESSION; EXERCISE; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; MEDICAL CARE; META ANALYSIS; PATIENT EDUCATION; QIGONG; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TAI CHI; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; FEMALE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; VERY ELDERLY; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QIGONG; TAI JI; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84939130885     PISSN: 09652299     EISSN: 18736963     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.05.001     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. The World Health Organization: Depression: Fact sheet N369 (October 2012). Accessed 20.10.12. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/.
2. Charlson F.J., Stapelberg N.J.C., Baxter A.J., Whiteford H.A. Should global burden of disease estimates include depression as a risk factor for coronary heart disease?. BMC Med 2011, 9(47). 10.1186/1741-7015-9-47.
3. Luppino F.S., de Wit L.M., Bouvy P.F., et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010, 67(March (3)):220-229.
4. Clarke D., Currie K. Depression, anxiety and their relationship with chronic diseases: a review of the epidemiology, risk and treatment evidence. MJA 2009, 190(7):S54-S60.
5. Vos T., Flaxman A.D., Naghavi M., et al. The global burden of non-fatal health outcomes for 1,160 sequelae of 291 diseases and injures 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2012, 380:2163-2196.
6. Moussavi S., Chatterji S., Verdes E., et al. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet 2007, 370:851-858.
7. Chisholm D., Diehr P., Knapp M., et al. Depression status, medical comorbidity and resource costs: evidence from an international study of major depression in primary care [LIDO]. Br J Psychiatry 2003, 183:121-131.
8. Gary MC, Dwan K, Greig C, et al. Exercise for depression. Editorial Group: Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004366.pub6. Assessed 13.07.12.
9. Wang C.W., Chan C.L., Ho R.T., Tsang H.W., Chan C.H., Ng S.M. The effect of qigong on depressive and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2013, 2013:716094. [Epub May 20, 2013]. 10.1155/2013/716094.
10. Zeng Y., Luo T., Xie H., Huang M., Cheng A.S. Health benefits of qigong or tai chi for cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Complement Ther Med 2014, 22(February (1)):173-186. [Epub December 18, 2013]. 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.11.010.
11. Payne P., Crane-Godreau M.A. Meditative movement for depression and anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2013, 4(July):71. [eCollection 2013]. 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00071.
12. Wang C., Bannuru R., Ramel J., Kupelnick B., Scott T., Schmid C.H. Tai Chi on psychological well-being: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2010, 10(May):23. 10.1186/1472-6882-10-23.
13. Chi I., Jordan-Marsh M., Guo M., Xie B., Bai Z. Taichi and reduction of depressive symptoms for older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. GeriatrGerontol Int 2013 Jan, 13(1):3-12.
14. Xue L.G. Chinese Medical Qigong 1990, 1-8. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Publisher, Haerbin.
15. People's Sport Publisher Group. Taijiquan. Beijing: People's Sport Publisher; 1988:3-9.
16. Guyatt G.H., Oxman A.D., Vist G., et al. GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidenced study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol 2011, 64(April (4)):407-415. [Epub January 19, 2011]. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017.
17. Higgins J.P., Altman D.G., Gøtzsche P.C., et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011, 343(October). Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Cochrane Statistical Methods Group, [d5928]. 10.1136/bmj.d5928.
18. Verhagen A.P., de Vet H.C., de Bie R.A., et al. The Delphi list: a criteria list for quality assessment of randomized clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus. J Clin Epidemiol 1998, 51(December (12)):1235-1241.
19. Olivo S.A., Macedo L.G., Gadotti I.C., Fuentes J., Stanton T., Magee D.J. Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. Phys Ther 2008, 88(February (2)):156-175.
20. Higgins J.P., Deeks J.J. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions V5.0.1: Chapter 7: Selecting studies and collecting data 2008, The Cochrane Collaboration.
21. Hozo S.P., Djulbegovic B., Hozo I. Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample. BMC Med Res Methodol 2005, 5(April):13.
22. Doi S.A., Thalib L. A quality-effects model for meta-analysis. Epidemiology 2008, 19(1):94-100.
23. Doi S.A., Barendregt J.J., Mozurkewich EL: Meta-analysis of heterogeneous clinical trials: an empirical example. Contemp Clin Trials 2011, 32(2):288-298.
24. Doi S.A., Barendregt J.J., Khan S., Thalib L., Williams G.M. Simulation comparison of the quality effects and random effects methods of meta-analysis. Epidemiology 2015, 26(July (2)):e42-e44. 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000289.
25. Takkouche B., Cadarso-Suarez C., Spiegelman D. Evaluation of old and new tests of heterogeneity in epidemiologic meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 1999, 150(2):206-215.
26. Onitilo A.A., Doi S.A., Barendregt J.J. Methods of Clinical Epidemiology: Meta-Analysis II 2013, 253-266. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
27. Burini D., Farabollini B., Iacucci S., et al. A randomized controlled cross-overtrial of aerobic training versus Qigong in advanced Parkinson's disease. EuraMedicophys 2006, 42(September (3)):231-238.
28. Chan E.S., Koh D., Teo Y.C., Hj Tamin R., Lim A., Fredericks S. Biochemical and psychometric evaluation of Self-Healing Qigong as a stress reduction tool among first year nursing and midwifery students. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013, 19(November (4)):179-183. [Epub August 30, 2013]. 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.08.001.
29. Chan J.S., Ho R.T., Wang C.W., Yuen L.P., Sham J.S., Chan C.L. Effects of qigong exercise on fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013, 2013:485341. [Epub July 31, 2013]. 10.1155/2013/485341.
30. Chen K.W., Perlman A., Liao J.G., Lam A., Staller J., Sigal L.H. Effects of external qigong therapy on osteoarthritis of the knee. A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol 2008, 27(December (12)):1497-1505. [Epub July 25, 2008]. 10.1007/s10067-008-0955-4.
31. Chen Z., Meng Z., Milbury K., et al. Qigong improves quality of life in women undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer: results of a randomized controlled trial. Cancer 2013, 119(May (9)):1690-1698. [Epub January 25, 2013]. 10.1002/cncr.27904.
32. Cheung B.M., Lo J.L., Fong D.Y., et al. Randomised controlled trial of qigong in the treatment of mild essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2005, 19(September (9)):697-704.
33. Chow Y.W.Y., Dorcas A.S., Andrew M.H. The effects of qigong on reducing stress and anxiety and enhancing body-mind well-being. Mindfulness 2012, 3:51-59. 10.1007/s12671-011-0080-3.
34. Chung L.J., Tsai P.S., Liu B.Y., et al. Home-based deep breathing for depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2010, 47(November (11)):1346-1353. [Epub May 11, 2010]. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.03.007.
35. Wang F., Wang W., Zhang R., et al. Clinical observation on physiological and psychological effects of Eight-Section Brocade on type2 diabetic patients. J Tradit Chin Med 2008, 28(June (2)):101-105.
36. Kim S.D., Kim H.S. Effects of a relaxation breathing exercise on anxiety, depression, and leukocyte in hemopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Cancer Nurs 2005, 28(January-February (1)):79-83.
37. Smelson D., Chen K.W., Ziedonis D., et al. A pilot study of Qigong for reducing cocaine craving early in recovery. J Altern Complement Med 2013, 19(February (2)):97-101. [Epub July 3, 2012]. 10.1089/acm.2012.0052.
38. Stenlund T., Birgander L.S., Lindahl B., Nilsson L., Ahlgren C. Effects of Qigong in patients with burnout: a randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med 2009, 41(September (9)):761-767. 10.2340/16501977-0417.
39. Thomas M., McKinley R.K., Mellor S., et al. Breathing exercises for asthma: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2009, 64:55-61. 10.1136/thx.2008.100867.
40. Tsang H.W., Mok C.K., Au Yeung Y.T., Chan S.Y. The effect of Qigong on general and psychosocial health of elderly with chronic physical illnesses: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003, 18(May (5)):441-449.
41. Tsang H.W.H., Fung K.M.T., Chan A.S.M., Lee G., Chan F. Effect of a qigong exercise program on elderly with depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006, 21:890-897.
42. Tsang H.W., Tsang W.W., Jones A.Y., et al. Psycho-physical and neurophysiological effects of qigong on depressed elders with chronic illness. Aging Ment Health 2013, 17(3):336-348. [Epub October 16, 2012]. 10.1080/13607863.2012.732035.
43. Tsang H.W., Lee J.L., Au D.W., Wong K.K., Lai K.W. Developing and testing the effectiveness of a novel health qigong for frail elders in Hong Kong: a preliminary study]]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013, 2013:827392. [Epub September 10, 2013]. 10.1155/2013/827392.
44. Yang K.H., Kim Y.H., Lee M.S. Efficacy of Qi-therapy (external Qigong) for elderly people with chronic pain. Int J Neurosci 2005, 115(July (7)):949-963.
45. Cheng S.T., Chow P.K., Yu E.C., Chan A.C. Leisure activities alleviate depressive symptoms in nursing home residents with very mild or mild dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012, 20(October (10)):904-908. 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3182423988.
46. Cheon S.M., Chae B.K., Sung H.R., Lee G.C., Kim J.W. The Efficacy of Exercise Programs for Parkinson's Disease: Tai Chi versus Combined Exercise. J Clin Neurol 2013, 9(October (4)):237-243. [Epub October 31, 2013]. 10.3988/jcn.2013.9.4.237.
47. Chou K.L., Lee P.W., Yu E.C., et al. Effect of Tai Chi on depressive symptoms amongst Chinese older patients with depressive disorders: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004, 19(November (11)):1105-1107.
48. Frye B., Scheinthal S., Kemarskaya T., Pruchno R. Tai Chi and low impact exercise: effects on the physical functioning and psychological well-being of older people. J Appl Gerontol 2007, 26:433. 10.1177/0733464807306915.
49. Lam L.C., Chau R.C., Wong B.M., et al. Interim follow-up of a randomized controlled trial comparing Chinese style mind body (TaiChi) and stretching exercises on cognitive function in subjects at risk of progressive cognitive decline. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011, 26(July (7)):733-740. [Epub December 9, 2010]. 10.1002/gps.2602.
50. Lavretsky H., Alstein L.L., Olmstead R.E., et al. Complementary use of tai chi chih augments escitalopram treatment of geriatric depression: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011, 19(October (10)):839-850. 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820ee9ef.
51. Taylor-Piliae R.E., Hoke T.M., Hepworth J.T., et al. Effect of Tai Chi on Physical Function, Fall Rates and Quality of Life Among Older Stroke Survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014, (January). pii: S0003-9993(14)00010-0. 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.001.
52. Wang C., Schmid C.H., Hibberd P.L., et al. Tai Chi is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 61(November (11)):1545-1553. 10.1002/art.24832.
53. Wang W., Sawada M., Noriyama Y., et al. Tai Chi exercise versus rehabilitation for the elderly with cerebral vascular disorder: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Psychogeriatrics 2010, 10(September (3)):160-166. 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2010.00334.x.
54. Yeh G.Y., Roberts D.H., Wayne P.M., Davis R.B., Quilty M.T., Phillips R.S. Tai chi exercise for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Respir Care 2010, 55(November (11)):1475-1482.
55. Yeh G.Y., Wood M.J., Wayne P.M., et al. Tai chi in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Congest Heart Fail 2013, 19(March-April (2)):77-84. [Epub October 12, 2012]. 10.1111/chf.12005.
56. Yeung A., Lepoutre V., Wayne P., et al. Tai chi treatment for depression in Chinese Americans: a pilot study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2012, 91(October (10)):863-870.
57. Al Khalaf M.M., Thalib L., Doi S.A. Combining heterogenous studies using the random-effects model is a mistake and leads to inconclusive meta-analyses. J Clin Epidemiol 2011, 64(February (2)):119-123. [Epub April 20, 2010]. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.01.009.
58. Shuster J.J. Empirical vs natural weighting in random effects meta-analysis. Stat Med 2010, 29(May (12)):1259-1265. 10.1002/sim.3607.
59. Brockwell S.E., Gordon I.R. A comparison of statistical methods for meta-analysis. Stat Med 2001, 20:825-840.
60. Noma H. Confidence intervals for a random-effects meta-analysis based on Bartlett-type corrections. Stat Med 2011, 30(December (28)):3304-3312.