Brooding, Reflection, and Distraction: Relation to Non-Suicidal Self-Injury versus Suicide Attempts

Archives of Suicide Research

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2015, Pages 350-365

  Polanco Roman, Lillian ^a   Jurska, Justyna ^a   Quiñones, Victoria ^a   Miranda, Regina ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

cognitive inflexibility; distraction; non suicidal self injury; rumination; suicide attempts

Indexed keywords

COMPARATIVE STUDY; FEMALE; HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; MALE; MENTAL STRESS; PERSONALITY; PSYCHOLOGY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK FACTOR; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STATISTICS AND NUMERICAL DATA; STUDENT; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE ATTEMPT; YOUNG ADULT;

FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PERSONALITY; RISK FACTORS; RISK-TAKING; SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; STUDENTS; SUICIDAL IDEATION; SUICIDE, ATTEMPTED; SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84938987833     PISSN: 13811118     EISSN: 15436136     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2014.981623     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author.
2. M.S.Andover,, B.W.Morris,, A.Wren,, & M.E.Bruzzese, (2012). The co-occurrence of non- suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: Distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6, 1–7.
3. A.Bartfai,, I.M.Winborg,, P.Nordstrom,, & M.Asberg, (1990). Suicidal behavior and cognitive flexibility: Design and verbal fluency after attempted suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 20, 254–266.
4. R.F.Baumeister, (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97, 90–113.
5. A.M.Brausch,, & P.M.Gutierrez, (2010). Differences in non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempts in adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 233–242.
6. M.Z.Brown,, K.A.Comtois,, & M.M.Linehan, (2002). Reasons for suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in women with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 198–202.
7. R.Burwell,, & S.Shirk, (2007). Subtypes of rumination in adolescence: Associations among brooding, reflection, depressive symptoms, and coping. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 56–65.
8. S.Chan,, R.Miranda,, & K.Surrence, (2009). Subtypes of rumination in the relationship between negative life events and suicidal ideation. Archives of Suicide Research, 13, 123–135.
9. A.L.Chapman,, K.L.Gratz,, & M.Z.Brown, (2006). Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 371–394.
10. C.Crane,, T.Barnhofer,, & J.M.G.Williams, (2007). Reflection, brooding, and suicidality: A preliminary study of different types of rumination in individuals with a history of major depression. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 497–504.
11. R.N.Davis,, & S.Nolen-Hoeksema, (2000). Cognitive inflexibility among ruminators and nonruminators. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 699–711.
12. T.E.Ellis,, R.A.Berg,, & M.D.Franzen, (1992). Neuropsychological performance and suicidal behavior in adult psychiatric inpatients. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75, 639–647.
13. M.Grassia,, & B.E.Gibb, (2009). Rumination and lifetime history of suicide attempts. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2, 400–406.
14. K.W.Greve,, J.M.Love,, E.Sherwin,, C.W.Mathias,, R.J.Houston,, & A.Brennan, (2002). Temporal stability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in a chronic traumatic brain injury sample. Assessment, 9, 271–277.
15. J.D.Guerry,, & M.J.Prinstein, (2010). Longitudinal prediction of adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury: Examination of a cognitive vulnerability-stress model. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 39, 77–89.
16. P.M.Gutierrez,, A.Osman,, F.X.Barrios,, & B.A.Kopper, (2001). Development and initial validation of the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Assessment, 77, 475–490.
17. R.K.Heaton,, G.J.Chelune,, J.L.Talley,, G.G.Kay,, & G.Curtiss, (1993). Wisconsin card sorting test manual: Revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
18. L.M.Hilt,, C.B.Cha,, & S.Nolen-Hoeksema, (2008). Nonsuicidal self-injury in young adolescent girls: Moderators of the distress-function relationship. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 63–71.
19. E.R.Hoff,, & J.J.Muehlenkamp, (2009). Nonsuicidal self-injury in college students: The role of perfectionism and rumination. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39, 576–587.
20. T.Joiner, (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press.
21. J.G.Keilp,, M.Gorlyn,, M.Russell,, M.A.Oquendo,, A.K.Burke,, J.Harkavy-Friedman,, & J.J.Mann, (2013). Neuropsychological function and suicidal behavior: Attention control, memory and executive dysfunction in suicide attempt. Psychological Medicine, 43, 539–551.
22. R.C.Kessler,, P.Berglund,, G.Borges,, M.Nock,, & P.S.Wang, (2005). Trends in suicide ideation, plans, gestures, and attempts in the United States, 1990–1992 to 2001–2003. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293, 2487–2495.
23. E.D.Klonsky, (2007). The function of deliberate self-injury: A review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 226–239.
24. E.D.Klonsky,, A.M.May,, & C.R.Glenn, (2013). The relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and attempted suicide: Converging evidence from four samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122, 231–237.
25. R.Knowles,, S.Tai,, I.Christensen,, & R.Bentall, (2005). Coping with depression and vulnerability to mania: A factor analytic study of the Nolen-Hoeksema (1991) Response Styles Questionnaire. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 99–112.
26. M.D.Lezak,, D.B.Howieson,, E.D.Bigler,, & D.Tranel, 2012. Neuropsychological assessment (5th edition). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
27. D.J.Martin,, Z.Oren,, & K.Boone, (1991). Major depressives’ and dysthymics’ performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 684–690.
28. P.M.Marzuk,, N.Hartwell,, A.C.Leon,, & L.Portera, (2005). Executive functioning in depressed patients with suicidal ideation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 112, 294–301.
29. R.Miranda,, M.Gallagher,, B.Bauchner,, R.Vaysman,, & B.Marroquín, (2012). Cognitive inflexibility as a prospective predictor of suicidal ideation among young adults with a suicide attempt history. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 180–186.
30. R.Miranda,, & S.Nolen-Hoeksema, (2007). Brooding and reflection: Rumination predicts suicidal ideation at one-year follow up in a community sample. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 45, 3088–3095.
31. R.Miranda,, J.Valderrama,, A.Tsypes,, E.Gadol,, & M.Gallagher, (2013). Cognitive inflexibility and suicidal ideation: Mediating role of brooding and hopelessness. Psychiatry Research, 201, 174–181.
32. N.J.Moberly,, & E.R.Watkins, (2008). Ruminative self-focus, negative life events, and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1034–1039.
33. R.Morrison,, & R.C.O'Connor, (2008). A systematic review of the relationship between rumination and suicidality. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38, 523–538.
34. J.J.Muehlenkamp,, & P.M.Gutierrez, (2004). An investigation of differences between self-injurious behavior and suicide attempts in a sample of adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 34, 12–23.
35. J.J.Muehlenkamp,, & P.M.Gutierrez, (2007). Risk for suicide attempts among adolescents who engage in non-suicidal self-injury. Archives of Suicide Research, 11, 1–14.
36. S.Najmi,, D.M.Wegner,, & M.K.Nock, (2007). Thought suppression and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1957–1965.
37. M.K.Nock,, T.E.Joiner, Jr., K.H.Gordon,, E.Lloyd-Richardson,, & M.J.Prinstein, (2006). Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: Diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts. Psychiatry Research, 144, 65–72.
38. M.K.Nock,, & R.C.Kessler, (2006). Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: Analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 616–623.
39. M.K.Nock,, & M.J.Prinstein, (2004). A functional approach to the assessment of self-mutilative behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 885–890.
40. M.K.Nock,, M.J.Prinstein,, & S.K.Sterba, (2009). Revealing the form and function of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A real-time ecological assessment study among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 816–827.
41. S.Nolen-Hoeksema, (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 569–582.
42. S.Nolen-Hoeksema,, J.Larson,, & C.Grayson, (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061–1072.
43. S.Nolen-Hoeksema,, & J.Morrow, (1993). Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 561–570.
44. S.Nolen-Hoeksema,, B.E.Wisco,, & S.Lyubomirsky, (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–421.
45. A.T.Patsiokas,, G.A.Clum,, & R.L.Luscomb, (1979). Cognitive characteristics of suicide attempters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 47, 478–484.
46. M.Perrah,, & H.Wichman, (1987). Cognitive rigidity in suicide attempters. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 17, 251–255.
47. M.J.Prinstein, (2008). Introduction to the special section on suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury: A review of unique challenges and important directions for self-injury science. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 1–8.
48. A.L.Robinson,, R.K.Heaton,, R.A.Lehman,, & D.W.Stilson, (1980). The utility of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in detecting and localizing frontal lobe lesions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 605–614. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.48.5.605
49. C.B.Romine,, D.Lee,, M.E.Wolfe,, S.Homack,, C.George,, & C.A.Riccio, (2004). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with children: A meta-analytic study of sensitivity and specificity. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 1027–1041.
50. D.E.Schotte,, & G.A.Clum, (1982). Suicide in a college population: A test of a model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 690–696.
51. D.E.Schotte,, & G.A.Clum, (1987). Problem-solving skills in suicidal psychiatric patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 49–54.
52. D.E.Schotte,, J.Cools,, & S.Payvar, (1990). Problem-solving deficits in suicidal patients: Trait vulnerability or state phenomenon? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 562–564.
53. E.A.Selby,, L.D.Connell,, & T.E.Joiner, (2010). The pernicious blend of rumination and fearlessness in non-suicidal self-injury. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 421–428.
54. E.A.Selby,, J.Franklin,, A.Carson-Wong,, & S.L.Rizvi, (2013). Emotional cascades and self-injury: Investigating instability of rumination and negative emotion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69, 1213–1227.
55. A.Serras,, K.K.Saules,, J.A.Cranford,, & D.Eisenberg, (2010). Self-injury, substance use, and associated risk factors in a multi-campus probability sample of college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 24, 119–128.
56. D.Shaffer,, P.Fisher,, C.Lucas,, M.Dulcan,, & M.Schwab-Stone, (2000). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 28–38.
57. J.M.Smith,, L.B.Alloy,, & L.Y.Abramson, (2006). Cognitive vulnerability to depression, rumination, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation: Multiple pathways to self-injurious thinking. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 36, 443–454.
58. K.Surrence,, R.Miranda,, B.Marroquín,, & S.Chan, (2009). Brooding and reflective rumination among suicide attempters: Cognitive vulnerability to suicidal ideation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 803–808.
59. L.A.Taliaferro,, J.J.Muehlenkamp,, I.W.Borowsky,, B.J.McMorris,, & K.C.Kugler, (2012). Factors distinguishing youth who report self-injurious behavior: A population-based simple. Academic Pediatrics, 12, 205–213.
60. Y.Tan,, Y.Z.Zou,, Y.Qu,, & X.F.Guo, (2002). Stability of commonly used measures in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 16, 831–833.
61. W.Treynor,, R.Gonzalez,, & S.Nolen-Hoeksema, (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259.
62. E.Tsuchiya,, J.Oki,, N.Yahara,, & K.Fujieda, (2005). Computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in children with high-functioning autistic disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain and Development, 27, 233–236.
63. J.Whitlock,, J.Eckenrode,, & D.Silverman, (2006). Self-injurious behavior in a college population. Pediatrics, 117, 1939–1948.
64. J.Whitlock,, & K.L.Knox, (2007). The relationship between self-injurious behavior and suicide in a young adult population. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 161, 634–640.