Crossing Genders, Mixing Languages: The Linguistic Construction of Transgenderism in Tonga

The Handbook of Language and Gender

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 278-301

  Besnier, Niko ^a  

^a VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Gender; Linguistic; Religious identity; Social class; Transgenderism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84938875368     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470756942.ch12     Document Type: Chapter

References (37)

1. Appadurai, Arjun 1996: Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press.
2. Besnier, Niko 1994: Polynesian gender liminality through time and space. In Gilbert Herdt (ed.) Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. New York: Zone, pp. 285-328, 554-66.
3. Besnier, Niko 1997: Sluts and superwomen: The politics of gender liminality in urban Tonga. Ethnos 62: 5-31.
4. Besnier, Niko 2002: Transgenderism, locality, and the Miss Galaxy beauty pageant in Tonga. American Ethnologist 29: 534-67.
5. Bourdieu, Pierre 1985: Distinction:A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Translated by Richard Nice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6. Campbell, I. C. 1992: Island Kingdom:Tonga Ancient and Modern. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press.
7. Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John 1993: Introduction. In Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff (eds) Modernity and its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, pp. xi-xxxvii.
8. Daniel, E. Valentine 1996: Charred Lullabies: Chapters in an Ethnography of Violence. Princeton Studies in Culture/Power/History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. di Leonardo, Micaela 1991: Introduction:Gender, culture, and political economy: Feminist anthropology in historical perspective. In Micaela di Leonardo (ed.) Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge: Feminist Anthropology in the Postmodern Era. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp. 1-48.
10. Featherstone, Mike, Lash, Scott, and Robertson, Roland (eds) 1995: Global Modernities. London: Sage.
11. Gal, Susan 1979: Language Shift: Social Determinants of Linguistic Change in Bilingual Austria. New York:Academic Press.
12. Gaudio, Rudolph P. 1997: Not talking straight in Hausa. In Anna Livia and Kira Hall (eds) Queerly Phrased:Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 416-29.
13. Gordon, Tamar 1990: Inventing the Mormon Tongan family. In John Barker (ed.) Christianity in Oceania:Ethnographic Perspectives. Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania Monographs, 12. Lanham, MD:University Press of America, pp. 197-219.
14. Gupta, Akhil and Ferguson, James (eds) 1997: Anthropological Locations:Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
15. Hall, Kira and O'Donovan, Veronica 1996: Shifting gender positions among Hindi-speaking Hijras. In Victoria Bergvall, Janet M. Bing, and Alice F. Freed (eds) Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice. New York: Longman, pp. 228-66.
16. Harvey, Penelope 1991: Drunken speech and the construction of meaning:Bilingual competence in the Southern Peruvian Andes. Language in Society 20: 1-36.
17. Jameson, Fredric and Miyoshi, Masao (eds) 1998: The Culture of Globalization. Durham, NC:Duke University Press.
18. Johnson, Mark 1997: Beauty and Power:Transgendering and Cultural Transformation in the Southern Philippines. Oxford: Berg.
19. Kulick, Don 1999: Transgender and language: A review of the literature and suggestions for the future. GLQ 5: 605-22.
20. Lovell, Nadia (ed.) 1998: Locality and Belonging. European Association of Social Anthropologists Series. London: Routledge.
21. Malkki, Liisa 1995: Purity and Exile:Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
22. Marcus, George E. 1995: Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 95-117.
23. Morton, Helen 1996: Becoming Tongan:An Ethnography of Childhood. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
24. Morton, Helen 1998: Creating their own culture: Diasporic Tongans. The Contemporary Pacific 10: 1-30.
25. Ogawa, Naoko and Shibamoto Smith, Janet 1997: The gendering of the gay male sex class in Japan: A case study based on Rasen No Sobyô. In Anna Livia and Kira Hall (eds) Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 402-15.
26. Ortner, Sherry B. 1991: Reading America:Preliminary notes on class and culture. In Richard G. Fox (ed.) Recapturing Anthropology: Writing in the Present. Santa Fe, NM:School of American Research Press, pp. 163-89.
27. Philips, Susan U. 1991: Tongan speech levels: Practice and talk about practice in the cultural construction of social hierarchy. In Robert Blust (ed.) Currents in Pacific Linguistics:Papers on Austronesian Languages in Honour of George Grace. Canberra:Pacific Linguistics C-117, pp. 369-82.
28. Philips, Susan U. 2000: Constructing a Tongan nation-state through language ideology in the courtroom. In Paul V. Kroskrity (ed.) Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities. School of American Research advanced seminar series. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, pp. 229-57.
29. Reid, Graeme 1999: Above the Skyline:Integrating African, Christian and Gay or Lesbian Identities in a South African Church Community. MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of the Witswatersrand.
30. Schütz, Albert J. 1970: Phonological patterning of English loan words in Tongan. In S. A. Wurm and D. C. Laycock (eds) Pacific Linguistic Studies in Honour of Arthur Capell. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics C-13, pp. 409-28.
31. Scott, James C. 1985: Weapons of the Weak:Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
32. Scott, James C. 1990: Domination and the Art of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
33. Small, Cathy A. 1997: Voyages: From Tongan Village to American Suburbs. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
34. Spencer, Jonathan 1996: Modernism, modernity and modernization. In Alan Barnard and Jonathan Spencer (eds) Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. London:Routledge, pp. 376-9.
35. Stroud, Christopher 1992: The problem of intention and meaning in codeswitching. Text 12: 127-55.
36. Teilhet-Fisk, Jehanne 1996: The Miss Heilala beauty pageant: Where beauty is more than skin deep. In Colleen B. Cohen, Richard Wilk, and Beverly Stoeltje (eds) Beauty Queens on the Global Stage: Gender, Contests, and Power. London: Routledge, pp. 185-202.
37. Willis, Paul 1977: Learning to Labour: How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Westmead, England: Saxon House.